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Characterization of Latent Classes of Early Preadolescents from Their Reports of Victimization and Bullying – A Latent Class Analysis
(WORLD BANK INST, 2024) Carcamo M.; Cumsille P.; Gaete J.
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.Bullying is defined as persistent hostile actions intended to harm the recipient in a power imbalance relationship. While children and adolescents have been identified as either victims, bullies or bully-victims in past research, few studies have identified patterns of more specific forms of bullying and victimization that have not been examined. This study aimed to characterize classes of bullying behaviour and its associations in students aged 9 to 14 years from schools serving socially vulnerable students. The study used secondary self–report data from Chilean school students (n = 5151) aged 9–13 years. Using latent class analysis and ten observed items that report different forms of victimization and bullying, we identified five classes of bullying behaviour. Overall, 54% of the sample was included in a class associated with bullying behaviour, either as a victim, a bully, or a bully-victim. The most prevalent classes were non-involved (46%) and teasing victim (25%). Regarding predictors, emotional symptoms were associated with higher odds of belonging to the bully-victim, victim and victim teasing classes, in contrast to non-involved classes. In contrast, conduct problems were associated with higher odds of belonging to any class other than the non-involved class. Identifying heterogeneous classes of bullying and victimization and specific correlates may allow for tailoring intervention to prevent specific forms of bullying behaviour.
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Mental Health and Life Satisfaction on Chilean Gay Men and Lesbian Women: The Role of Perceived Sexual Stigma, Internalized Homophobia, and Community Connectedness
(WORLD BANK INST, 2021) Gomez, Fabiola; Cumsille, Patricio; Barrientos, Jaime
The Minority Stress Model has proposed that connectedness to a specific minority community may be a protective factor for stigmatized groups. This study evaluated the mediational role of connectedness with the gay men's and lesbian women's community on the relationship between two minority stressors (internalized homophobia and perceived sexual stigma) with anxiety-depressive symptomatology and life satisfaction. The sample consisted of 467 Chilean self-identified as gay men (57%) and lesbian women (43%). Results revealed that the two minority stressors were associated with anxiety-depressive symptomatology, but only internalized homophobia was associated with life satisfaction. The mediation hypothesis was partially supported by the relationship between internalized homophobia and life satisfaction. Unexpectedly, we found a negative association between connectedness with the gay men's and lesbian women's community and life satisfaction. This finding introduces a view that contrasts with the literature, which proposes that connectedness with the specific community would be a protective factor against sexual stigma.
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Slow Recoveries
(WORLD BANK INST, 2010) Bergoeing, Raphael; Loayza, Norman V.; Repetto, Andrea; Loayza, NV; Serven, L
In this study, we examine residential trajectories since birth among older adults in the Santiago Metropolitan Area, Chile, and their association with health outcomes. We linked retrospective residential information for a sample of 802 individuals aged 65-75 in 2019 to context-based information from decennial censuses. Our analysis reveals substantive heterogeneity in individuals' residential trajectories, thus mirroring social and urban changes in Chile's largest city. We found significant associations between residential histories and health outcomes at the time of the interview. Consistent residence in advantaged areas was linked to better health, whereas relocating to the metropolitan area from elsewhere was generally linked to poorer health, except for those moving to emerging middle-class areas. These findings underscore the importance of longitudinal and life course approaches in understanding the complex relationship between place and health.
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Socio-spatial trajectories and health disparities among older adults in Chile
(2024) Vidal, Sergi; Cabib, Ignacio; Bogolasky, Francisca; Valente, Riccardo
In this study, we examine residential trajectories since birth among older adults in the Santiago Metropolitan Area, Chile, and their association with health outcomes. We linked retrospective residential information for a sample of 802 individuals aged 65-75 in 2019 to context-based information from decennial censuses. Our analysis reveals substantive heterogeneity in individuals' residential trajectories, thus mirroring social and urban changes in Chile's largest city. We found significant associations between residential histories and health outcomes at the time of the interview. Consistent residence in advantaged areas was linked to better health, whereas relocating to the metropolitan area from elsewhere was generally linked to poorer health, except for those moving to emerging middle-class areas. These findings underscore the importance of longitudinal and life course approaches in understanding the complex relationship between place and health.
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Pain Intensity Predicts Pain Catastrophizing During the Postpartum Period: A Longitudinal Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Study
(2021) Roman, Camila; Cumsille, Patricio; Gomez Perez, Lydia
Objective. Pain catastrophizing is an important psychological predictor of pain. Recent evidence suggests the relationship between catastrophizing and pain intensity could be bidirectional, but most studies have been conducted on chronic pain patients and using criticized statistical methods. The present study aimed to examine if the relationship between pain intensity and catastrophizing was bidirectional in the context of childbirth. Methods. A total of 504 women without chronic pain were recruited on their 32-37 gestational week. They completed measures of catastrophizing and pain intensity on the first encounter and then again at 1, 3, and 6 months postpartum. The temporal relationship between the variables was assessed using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model. Results. The hypothesis of reciprocal association did not receive support, as pain intensity predicted catastrophizing during the postpartum period, but catastrophizing did not show an effect over pain intensity at any moment. Conclusions. Pain intensity predicting catastrophizing is consistent with previous literature, while the lack of effect of catastrophizing over pain intensity is an unexpected result, which may suggest that catastrophizing plays a different role in the postpartum period. These results highlight the importance of timely efforts for pain management during the postpartum period and contribute to the theoretical conceptualization of catastrophizing.