Browsing by Author "Allik, Jueri"

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    Stereotypes of Age Differences in Personality Traits: Universal and Accurate?
    (AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC, 2012) Chan, Wayne; McCrae, Robert R.; De Fruyt, Filip; Jussim, Lee; Loeckenhoff, Corinna E.; De Bolle, Marleen; Costa, Paul T., Jr.; Sutin, Angelina R.; Realo, Anu; Allik, Jueri; Nakazato, Katsuharu; Shimonaka, Yoshiko; Hrebickova, Martina; Graf, Sylvie; Yik, Michelle; Brunner Sciarra, Marina; de Figueora, Nora Leibovich; Schmidt, Vanina; Ahn, Chang kyu; Ahn, Hyun nie; Aguilar Vafaie, Maria E.; Siuta, Jerzy; Szmigielska, Barbara; Cain, Thomas R.; Crawford, Janet T.; Mastor, Khairul Anwar; Rolland, Jean Pierre; Nansubuga, Florence; Miramontez, Daniel R.; Benet Martinez, Veronica; Rossier, Jerome; Bratko, Denis; Marusic, Iris; Halberstadt, Jamin; Yamaguchi, Mami; Knezevic, Goran; Martin, Thomas A.; Gheorghiu, Mirona; Smith, Peter B.; Barbaranelli, Claudio; Wang, Lei; Shakespeare Finch, Jane; Lima, Margarida P.; Klinkosz, Waldemar; Sekowski, Andrzej; Alcalay, Lidia; Simonetti, Franco; Avdeyeva, Tatyana V.; Pramila, V. S.; Terracciano, Antonio
    Age trajectories for personality traits are known to be similar across cultures. To address whether stereotypes of age groups reflect these age-related changes in personality, we asked participants in 26 countries (N = 3,323) to rate typical adolescents, adults, and old persons in their own country. Raters across nations tended to share similar beliefs about different age groups; adolescents were seen as impulsive, rebellious, undisciplined, preferring excitement and novelty, whereas old people were consistently considered lower on impulsivity, activity, antagonism, and Openness. These consensual age group stereotypes correlated strongly with published age differences on the five major dimensions of personality and most of 30 specific traits, using as criteria of accuracy both self-reports and observer ratings, different survey methodologies, and data from up to 50 nations. However, personal stereotypes were considerably less accurate, and consensual stereotypes tended to exaggerate differences across age groups.
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    The Attractive Female Body Weight and Female Body Dissatisfaction in 26 Countries Across 10 World Regions: Results of the International Body Project I
    (SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC, 2010) Swami, Viren; Frederick, David A.; Aavik, Toivo; Alcalay, Lidia; Allik, Jueri; Anderson, Donna; Andrianto, Sonny; Arora, Arvind; Brannstrom, Ake; Cunningham, John; Danel, Dariusz; Doroszewicz, Krystyna; Forbes, Gordon B.; Furnham, Adrian; Greven, Corina U.; Halberstadt, Jamin; Hao, Shuang; Haubner, Tanja; Hwang, Choon Sup; Inman, Mary; Jaafar, Jas Laile; Johansson, Jacob; Jung, Jaehee; Keser, Askin; Kretzschmar, Uta; Lachenicht, Lance; Li, Norman P.; Locke, Kenneth; Lonnqvist, Jan Erik; Lopez, Christy; Loutzenhiser, Lynn; Maisel, Natalya C.; McCabe, Marita P.; McCreary, Donald R.; McKibbin, William F.; Mussap, Alex; Neto, Felix; Nowell, Carly; Alampay, Liane Pena; Pillai, Subash K.; Pokrajac Bulian, Alessandra; Proyer, Rene T.; Quintelier, Katinka; Ricciardelli, Lina A.; Rozmus Wrzesinska, Malgorzata; Ruch, Willibald; Russo, Timothy; Schuetz, Astrid; Shackelford, Todd K.; Shashidharan, Sheeba; Simonetti, Franco; Sinniah, Dhachayani; Swami, Mira; Vandermassen, Griet; van Duynslaeger, Marijke; Verkasalo, Markku; Voracek, Martin; Yee, Curtis K.; Zhang, Echo Xian; Zhang, Xiaoying; Zivcic Becirevic, Ivanka
    This study reports results from the first International Body Project (IBP-I), which surveyed 7,434 individuals in 10 major world regions about body weight ideals and body dissatisfaction. Participants completed the female Contour Drawing Figure Rating Scale (CDFRS) and self-reported their exposure to Western and local media. Results indicated there were significant cross-regional differences in the ideal female figure and body dissatisfaction, but effect sizes were small across high-socioeconomic-status (SES) sites. Within cultures, heavier bodies were preferred in low-SES sites compared to high-SES sites in Malaysia and South Africa (ds = 1.94-2.49) but not in Austria. Participant age, body mass index (BMI), and Western media exposure predicted body weight ideals. BMI and Western media exposure predicted body dissatisfaction among women. Our results show that body dissatisfaction and desire for thinness is commonplace in high-SES settings across world regions, highlighting the need for international attention to this problem.
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    The inaccuracy of national character stereotypes
    (2013) McCrae, Robert R.; Chan, Wayne; Jussim, Lee; De Fruyt, Filip; Loeckenhoff, Corinna E.; De Bolle, Marleen; Costa, Paul T., Jr.; Hrebickova, Martina; Graf, Sylvie; Realo, Anu; Allik, Jueri; Nakazato, Katsuharu; Shimonaka, Yoshiko; Yik, Michelle; Fickova, Emilia; Brunner-Sciarra, Marina; Reatigui, Norma; Leibovich de Figueora, Nora; Schmidt, Vanina; Ahn, Chang-Kyu; Ahn, Hyun-Nie; Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria E.; Siuta, Jerzy; Szmigielska, Barbara; Cain, Thomas R.; Crawford, Jarret T.; Mastor, Khairul Anwar; Rolland, Jean-Pierre; Nansubuga, Florence; Miramontez, Daniel R.; Benet-Martinez, Veronica; Rossier, Jerome; Bratko, Denis; Marusic, Iris; Halberstadt, Jamin; Yamaguchi, Mami; Knezevic, Goran; Puric, Danka; Martin, Thomas A.; Gheorghiu, Mirona; Smith, Peter B.; Barbaranelli, Claudio; Wang, Lei; Shakespeare-Finch, Jane; Lima, Margarida P.; Klinkosz, Waldemar; Sekowski, Andrzej; Alcalay, Lidia; Simonetti, Franco; Avdeyeva, Tatyana V.; Pramila, V. S.; Terracciano, Antonio
    Consensual stereotypes of some groups are relatively accurate, whereas others are not. Previous work suggesting that national character stereotypes are inaccurate has been criticized on several grounds. In this article we (a) provide arguments for the validity of assessed national mean trait levels as criteria for evaluating stereotype accuracy and (b) report new data on national character in 26 cultures from descriptions (N= 3323) of the typical male or female adolescent, adult, or old person in each. The average ratings were internally consistent and converged with independent stereotypes of the typical culture member, but were weakly related to objective assessments of personality. We argue that this conclusion is consistent with the broader literature on the inaccuracy of national character stereotypes. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    The Validity and Structure of Culture-Level Personality Scores: Data From Ratings of Young Adolescents
    (2010) McCrae, Robert R.; Terracciano, Antonio; De Fruyt, Filip; De Bolle, Marleen; Gelfand, Michele J.; Costa, Paul T., Jr.; Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria E.; Ahn, Chang-kyu; Ahn, Hyun-nie; Alcalay, Lidia; Allik, Jueri; Avdeyeva, Tatyana V.; Blatny, Marek; Bratko, Denis; Brunner-Sciarra, Marina; Cain, Thomas R.; Chittcharat, Niyada; Crawford, Jarret T.; de Lima, Margarida P.; Fehr, Ryan; Fickova, Emilia; Gulgoz, Sami; Hoebiekova, Martina; Jussim, Lee; Klinkosz, Waldemar; Knezevic, Goran; de Figueroa, Nora Leibovich; Loeckenhoff, Corinna E.; Martin, Thomas A.; Marusic, Iris; Mastor, Khairul Anwar; Nakazato, Katsuharu; Nansubuga, Florence; Porrata, Jose; Puric, Danka; Realo, Anu; Reategui, Norma; Rolland, Jean-Pierre; Schmidt, Vanina; Sekowski, Andrzej; Shakespeare-Finch, Jane; Shimonaka, Yoshiko; Simonetti, Franco; Siuta, Jerzy; Szmigielska, Barbara; Vanno, Vitanya; Wang, Lei; Yik, Michelle
    We examined properties of culture-level personality traits in ratings of targets (N=5,109) ages 12 to 17 in 24 cultures. Aggregate scores were generalizable across gender, age, and relationship groups and showed convergence with culture-level scores from previous studies of self-reports and observer ratings of adults, but they were unrelated to national character stereotypes. Trait profiles also showed cross-study agreement within most cultures, 8 of which had not previously been studied. Multidimensional scaling showed that Western and non-Western cultures clustered along a dimension related to Extraversion. A culture-level factor analysis replicated earlier findings of a broad Extraversion factor but generally resembled the factor structure found in individuals. Continued analysis of aggregate personality scores is warranted.