Browsing by Author "Baeza, Fernando"

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    Evaluating the health effects of place-based slum upgrading physical environment interventions: A systematic review (2012-2018)
    (PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2020) Henson, Rosie Mae; Ortigoza, Ana; Martinez Folgar, Kevin; Baeza, Fernando; Caiaffa, Waleska; Vives Vergara, Alejandra; Diez Roux, Ana, V; Lovasi, Gina; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Rapid urbanization in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) is associated with increasing population living in informal settlements. Inadequate infrastructure and disenfranchisement in settlements can create environments hazardous to health. Placed-based physical environment upgrading interventions have potential to improve environmental and economic conditions linked to health outcomes. Summarizing and assessing evidence of the impact of prior interventions is critical to motivating and selecting the most effective upgrading strategies moving forward. Scientific and grey literature were systematically reviewed to identify evaluations of physical environment slum upgrading interventions in LMICs published between 2012 and 2018. Thirteen evaluations that fulfilled inclusion criteria were reviewed. Quality of evaluations was assessed using an adapted Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Findings were then pooled with those published prior to 2012. Narrative analysis was performed. Of thirteen evaluations, eight used a long-itudinal study design ("primary evaluations"). All primary evaluations were based in Latin America and included two housing, two transportation, and four comprehensive intervention evaluations. Three supporting evaluations assessed housing interventions in Argentina and South Africa; two assessed a comprehensive intervention in India. Effects by intervention-type included improvements in quality of life and communicable diseases after housing interventions, possible improvements in safety after transportation and comprehensive interventions, and possible non-statistically significant effects on social capital after comprehensive interventions. Effects due to interventions may vary by regional context and intervention scope. Limited strong evidence and the diffuse nature of comprehensive interventions suggests a need for attention to measurement of intervention exposure and analytic approaches to account for confounding and selection bias in evaluation. In addition to health improvements, evaluators should consider unintended health consequences and environmental impact. Understanding and isolating the effects of place-based interventions can inform necessary policy decisions to address inadequate living conditions as rapid urban growth continues across the globe.
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    Life expectancy and mortality in 363 cities of Latin America
    (2021) Bilal, Usama; Hessel, Philipp; Perez-Ferrer, Carolina; Michael, Yvonne L.; Alfaro, Tania; Tenorio-Mucha, Janeth; Friche, Amelia A. L.; Pina, Maria Fatima; Vives, Alejandra; Quick, Harrison; Alazraqui, Marcio; Rodriguez, Daniel A.; Miranda, J. Jaime; Diez-Roux, Ana V.; Alazraqui, Marcio; Alazraqui, Marcio; Spinelli, Hugo; Guevel, Carlos; Di Cecco, Vanessa; Tisnes, Adela; Leveau, Carlos; Santoro, Adrian; Herkovits, Damian; Trotta, Andres; Aguirre, Patricia; Lopez, Santiago Rodriguez; Tumas, Natalia; Gouveia, Nelson; Mascolli, Maria Antonietta; Slovic, Anne Dorothee; Martins, Lucas Soriano; Kanai, Claudio Makoto; Barreto, Mauricio; Santos, Gervasio; de Freitas, Anderson Dias; De Castro, Caio Porto; Filho, Jose Firmino de Sousa; Bell, Maria Izabel dos Santos; Andrade, Roberto Fernandes Silva; Cardoso, Leticia; Menezes, Mariana Carvalho de; Pina, Maria de Fatima de; Skaba, Daniel Albert; Guimaraes, Joanna Miguez Nery; Matos, Vanderlei Pascoal de; Caiaffa, Waleska Teixeira; Friche, Amelia Augusta de Lima; Andrade, Amanda Cristina de Souza; Vaz, Camila Teixeira; Coelho, Debora Moraes; Sales, Denise Marques; Aguilar, Guilherme Aparecido Santos; Nascimento, Julia de Carvalho; Morais, Lidia Maria de Oliveira; Santos, Mariana de Melo; Silva, Uriel Moreira; Frenz, Patricia; Alfaro, Tania; Cordova, Cynthia; Ruiz, Pablo; Fuentes, Mauricio; Castillo, Marianela; Pedrero, Sebastian; Rodriguez, Lorena; Doberti, Tamara; Vergara, Alejandra Vives; Salazar, Alejandro; Cortinez-O'Ryan, Andrea; Schmitt, Cristian; Gonzalez, Francisca; Baeza, Fernando; Angelini, Flavia; Orlando, Laura; Sarmiento, Olga Lucia; Higuera, Diana; Gonzalez, Catalina; Montes, Felipe; Useche, Andres F.; Guaje, Oscar; Jaramillo, Ana Maria; Guzman, Luis Angel; Cuesta, Diego Lucumi; Guerra, John Alexis; Bonilla, Jorge Alexander; Guzman, Luis Angel; Linares, Mario; Hessel, Philipp; Morales, Ricardo; Triana, Camilo; Wilches, Maria Alejandra; Palacio, Alejandro; Pena, Fabian Camilo; Sabogal, Joaquin Hernando Jaramillo; Lopez, Julieth; Fajardo, Karen; Botero, Marcelo; Cely, Natalia; Martinez, Paola; Moncada, Carlos; Meisel, Jose David; Martinez, Eliana; Kroker-Lobos, Maria Fernanda; Ramirez-Zea, Manuel; Mazariegos, Monica; Morales, Anali; Barrientos-Gutierrez, Tonatiuh; Perez-Ferrer, Carolina; Prado-Galbarro, Javier; Lopez-Olmedo, Nancy Paulina; de Castro, Filipa; Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba; Jauregui, Alejandra; Stern, Dalia; Riojas, Horacio; Texcalac, Jose Luis; Perez, Desiree Vidana; Miranda, J. Jaime; Vasquez, Akram Hernandez; Diez-Canseco, Francisco; Garcia, Lorena Saavedra; Hammond, Ross; Rodriguez, Daniel; Dronova, Iryna; Wang, Xize; Moran, Mika; Zhao, Yuanyuan; Ju, Yang; Delclos-Alio, Xavier; Hovmand, Peter; Ballard, Ellis; Kuhlberg, Jill; Diez-Roux, Ana V.; Auchincloss, Amy; Barber, Sharrelle; Bilal, Usama; Garcia-Espana, Felipe; Langellier, Brent; Lovasi, Gina; McClure, Leslie; Michael, Yvonne; Moore, Kari; Ortigoza, Ana; Quick, Harrison; Quistberg, D. Alex; Sanchez, Brisa N.; Stankov, Ivana; Tapia-Granados, Jose; Yamada, Goro; Rodriguez-Hernandez, Jordan; Melly, Steve; Avila-Palencia, Ione; Kephart, Josiah; Mullachery, Pricila; Trejo, Bricia; Braverman, Ariela; Fry, Dustin; Henson, Rosie Mae; Martinez-Folgar, Kevin; Slesinski, S. Claire; Indvik, Katherine; Bolinaga, Andrea
    The concept of a so-called urban advantage in health ignores the possibility of heterogeneity in health outcomes across cities. Using a harmonized dataset from the SALURBAL project, we describe variability and predictors of life expectancy and proportionate mortality in 363 cities across nine Latin American countries. Life expectancy differed substantially across cities within the same country. Cause-specific mortality also varied across cities, with some causes of death (unintentional and violent injuries and deaths) showing large variation within countries, whereas other causes of death (communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional, cancer, cardiovascular disease and other noncommunicable diseases) varied substantially between countries. In multivariable mixed models, higher levels of education, water access and sanitation and less overcrowding were associated with longer life expectancy, a relatively lower proportion of communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional deaths and a higher proportion of deaths from cancer, cardiovascular disease and other noncommunicable diseases. These results highlight considerable heterogeneity in life expectancy and causes of death across cities of Latin America, revealing modifiable factors that could be amenable to urban policies aimed toward improving urban health in Latin America and more generally in other urban environments.
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    "My life will be much better than before": a qualitative study on the relationship between renewal of public housing, quality of life, and health
    (2023) Orlando-Romero, Laura; Vives-Vergara, Alejandra; Valdebenito, Roxana; Cortinez-O'Ryan, Andrea; Baeza, Fernando; Rasse, Alejandra
    The objective was to understand the link between housing, health and quality of life in a context of social housing regeneration, through the experi-ences and perceptions of its inhabitants, exploring the mechanisms that sustain this link before regen-eration, and those elements derived from housing regeneration that result in improvements in qual-ity of life and potentially in health. Between 1980 and the 2000s, Chile faced a massive quantitative housing deficit through a policy that delivered more than 120,000 low-cost social housing apart-ments. Today, thousands present severe habitabil-ity problems, generating negative consequences for their inhabitants, their health and well-being. Seeking to solve the deterioration of housing and neighborhoods, the Chilean Ministry of Housing and Urbanism developed the Housing Complex Regeneration Program. The RUCAS project seeks to evaluate the effects of the program on health and to assess the impact of interventions such as these on vulnerable populations in Latin Ameri-ca. We present results of 8 interviews and 2 focus groups conducted in a social housing complex in process of intervention in Vina del Mar. Using dis-cursive content analysis, results show that the poor material quality of housing is perceived as harm-ful to health. Regenerated housing, on the other hand, promotes the recovery and re-appropriation of spaces and their uses, sociability, new healthy practices, positive feelings and psychological well-being, bringing to the fore the psychosocial com-ponent of people's relationship with their house. It is concluded that housing regeneration has the potential to benefit physical and mental health through both direct mechanisms, derived from the renovated materiality, and indirect mechanisms related to the practices and experiences of the lived space.
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    Using community-based system dynamics modeling to understand the complex systems that influence health in cities: The SALURBAL study
    (ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2019) Langellier, Brent A.; Kuhlberg, Jill A.; Ballard, Ellis A.; Slesinski, S. Claire; Stankov, Ivana; Gouveia, Nelson; Meisel, Jose D.; Kroker Lobos, Maria F.; Sarmiento, Olga L.; Caiaffa, Waleska Teixeira; Roux, Ana V. Diez; Alazraqui, Marcio; Spinelli, Hugo; Guevel, Carlos; Di Cecco, Vanessa; Tisnes, Adela; Leveau, Carlos; Santoro, Adrian; Herkovits, Damian; Gouveia, Nelson; Barreto, Mauricio; Santos, Gervasio; Cardoso, Leticia; de Menezes, Mariana Carvalho; de Pina, Maria de Fatima; Caiaffa, Waleska Teixeira; de Lima Friche, Amelia Augusta; de Souza Andrade, Amanda Cristina; Frenz, Patricia; Alfaro, Tania; Cordova, Cynthia; Ruiz, Pablo; Fuentes, Mauricio; Vives Vergara, Alejandra; Salazar, Alejandro; Cortinez O'Ryan, Andrea; Schmitt, Cristian; Gonzalez, Francisca; Baeza, Fernando; Angelini, Flavia; Sarmiento Duenas, Olga Lucia; Higuera, Diana; Gonzalez, Catalina; Montes, Felipe; Useche, Andres F.; Guaje, Oscar; Maria Jaramillo, Ana; Angel Guzman, Luis; Hessel, Philipp; Lucumi, Diego; David Meisel, Jose; Martinez, Eliana; Kroker Lobos, Maria F.; Ramirez Zea, Manuel; Martinez Folgar, Kevin; Barrientos Gutierrez, Tonatiuh; Perez Ferrer, Carolina; Prado Galbarro, Javier; de Castro, Filipa; Rojas Martinez, Rosalba; Jaime Miranda, J.; Hernandez Vasquez, Akram; Diez Canseco, Francisco; Hammond, Ross; Rodriguez, Daniel; Dronova, Iryna; Wang, Xize; Moran, Mika; Hovmand, Peter; Fuchs, Ricardo Jordan; Braslow, Juliet; Siri, Jose; Roux, Ana Diez; Auchincloss, Amy; Bilal, Usama; Garcia Espana, Felipe; Langellier, Brent; Lovasi, Gina; McClure, Leslie; Michael, Yvonne; Moore, Kari; Quick, Harrison; Quistberg, D. Alex; Sanchez, Brisa N.; Stankov, Ivana; Granados, Jose Tapia; SALURBAL Grp
    We discuss the design, implementation, and results of a collaborative process designed to elucidate the complex systems that drive food behaviors, transport, and health in Latin American cities and to build capacity for systems thinking and community-based system dynamics (CBSD) methods among diverse research team members and stakeholders. During three CB SD workshops, 62 stakeholders from 10 Latin American countries identified 98 variables and a series of feedback loops that shape food behaviors, transportation and health, along with 52 policy levers. Our findings suggest that CBSD can engage local stakeholders, help them view problems through the lens of complex systems and use their insights to prioritize research efforts and identify novel solutions that consider mechanisms of complexity.