Browsing by Author "Bastian B."
Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
Results Per Page
Sort Options
- ItemInternational optimism: Correlates and consequences of dispositional optimism across 61 countries(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2021) Baranski E.; Sweeny K.; Gardiner G.; Funder D.C.; Beramendi M.; Bastian B.; Neubauer A.; Cortez D.; Roth E.; Torres A.; Zanini D.S.; Petkova K.; Tracy J.; Amiot C.; Pelletier-Dumas M.; González R.; Rosenbluth A.; Salgado S.; Guan Y.; Yang Y.; Forero D.A.; Camargo A.; Papastefanakis E.; Spyridaki I.; Kritsotakis G.; Fragkiadaki E.; Jerneic Ž.; Hrebícková M.; Graf S.; Strøbæk P.; Realo A.; Becker A.; Maisonneuve C.; El-Astal S.; Gamsakhurdia V.L.; Ziegler M.; Penke L.; Rauthmann J.; Buchtel E.E.; Wai-Lan Yeung V.; Kun Á.; Gadanecz P.; Vass Z.; Smohai M.; Das A.; Lavalekar A.; Aurelia M.Z.; Kinayung D.; Gaffar V.; Sullivan G.; Day C.; Rechter E.; Gnisci A.; Sergi I.; Senese V.P.; Perugini M.; Costantini G.; Komiya A.; Sato T.; Nakata Y.; Kawamoto S.; Al-Zoubi M.; Owsley N.; Jang C.; Mburu G.; Ngina I.; Dimdins G.; Barkauskiene R.; Laurinavicius A.; Mastor K.A.; Kruse E.; Ramírez-Esparza N.; Denissen J.; Aken M.V.; Fischer R.; Onyishi I.E.; Ogba K.T.; Leknes S.; Holen V.W.; Hansen I.; Tamnes C.K.; Klæva K.; Rizwan M.; Kausar R.; Khan N.; Espinosa A.; Cecilia M.G.C.(.; Quiñones D.M.A.; Szarota P.; Izdebski P.; Kotysko M.; Henriques-Calado J.; Sava F.A.; Lvova O.; Pogrebitskaya V.; Allakhverdov M.; Manichev S.; Barry O.; Smederevac S.; Colovic P.; Mitrovic D.; Oljaca M.; Hong R.; Halama P.; Musek J.; Kock F.D.; Han G.; Suh E.M.(.; Choi S.; Boonyasiriwat W.; Saribay A.; Somer O.; Akalin P.K.; Baguma P.K.; Vinogradov A.; Zhuravlova L.; Rentfrow J.; Conner M.; Tullett A.; Ramírez-Esparza N.; Colman D.E.; Cheng J.T.; Stocks E.; Thu Bui H.T.© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Objective: The current exploratory study sought to examine dispositional optimism, or the general expectation for positive outcomes, around the world. Method: Dispositional optimism and possible correlates were assessed across 61 countries (N = 15,185; mean age = 21.92; 77% female). Mean-level differences in optimism were computed along with their relationships with individual and country-level variables. Results: Worldwide, mean optimism levels were above the midpoint of the scale. Perhaps surprisingly, country-level optimism was negatively related to gross domestic product per capita, population density, and democratic norms and positively related to income inequality and perceived corruption. However, country-level optimism was positively related to projected economic improvement. Individual-level optimism was positively related to individual well-being within every country, although this relationship was less strong in countries with challenging economic and social circumstances. Conclusions: While individuals around the world are generally optimistic, societal characteristics appear to affect the degree to which their optimism is associated with psychological well-being, sometimes in seemingly anomalous ways.
- ItemMultinational data show that conspiracy beliefs are associated with the perception (and reality) of poor national economic performance(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2022) Hornsey M.J.; Pearson S.; Kang J.; Jetten J.; Sassenberg K.; Van Lange P.A.M.; Medina L.G.; Amiot C.E.; Ausmees L.; Baguma P.; Barry O.; Becker M.; Bilewicz M.; Castelain T.; Costantini G.; Dimdins G.; Espinosa A.; Finchilescu G.; Friese M.; Gonzalez R.; Goto N.; Gomez A.; Halama P.; Ilustrisimo R.; Jiga-Boy G.M.; Karl J.; Kuppens P.; Loughnan S.; Markovikj M.; Mastor K.A.; McLatchie N.; Novak L.M.; Onyekachi B.N.; Peker M.; Rizwan M.; Schaller M.; Suh E.M.; Talaifar S.; Tong E.M.W.; Torres A.; Turner R.N.; Vauclair C.-M.; Vinogradov A.; Wang Z.; Yeung V.W.L.; Bastian B.© 2022 The Authors. European Journal of Social Psychology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.While a great deal is known about the individual difference factors associated with conspiracy beliefs, much less is known about the country-level factors that shape people's willingness to believe conspiracy theories. In the current article we discuss the possibility that willingness to believe conspiracy theories might be shaped by the perception (and reality) of poor economic performance at the national level. To test this notion, we surveyed 6723 participants from 36 countries. In line with predictions, propensity to believe conspiracy theories was negatively associated with perceptions of current and future national economic vitality. Furthermore, countries with higher GDP per capita tended to have lower belief in conspiracy theories. The data suggest that conspiracy beliefs are not just caused by intrapsychic factors but are also shaped by difficult economic circumstances for which distrust might have a rational basis.
- ItemPerceiving societal pressure to be happy is linked to poor well-being, especially in happy nations(Nature Research, 2022) Dejonckheere E.; Dejonckheere E.; Kuppens P.; Rhee J.J.; Bastian B.; Baguma P.K.; Barry O.; Becker M.; Bilewicz M.; Castelain T.; Costantini G.; Dimdins G.; Espinosa A.; Finchilescu G.; Friese M.; Gastardo-Conaco M.C.; Gomez A.; Gonzalez R.; Goto N.; Halama P.; Hurtado-Parrado C.; Jiga-Boy G.M.; Karl J.A.; Novak L.; Ausmees L.; Loughnan S.; Mastor K.A.; McLatchie N.; Onyishi I.E.; Rizwan M.; Schaller M.; Serafimovska E.; Suh E.M.; Swann W.B.; Tong E.M.W.; Torres A.; Turner R.N.; Vinogradov A.; Wang Z.; Yeung V.W.-L.; Amiot C.E.; Boonyasiriwat W.; Peker M.; Van Lange P.A.M.; Vauclair C.-M.© 2022, The Author(s).Happiness is a valuable experience, and societies want their citizens to be happy. Although this societal commitment seems laudable, overly emphasizing positivity (versus negativity) may create an unattainable emotion norm that ironically compromises individual well-being. In this multi-national study (40 countries; 7443 participants), we investigate how societal pressure to be happy and not sad predicts emotional, cognitive and clinical indicators of well-being around the world, and examine how these relations differ as a function of countries’ national happiness levels (collected from the World Happiness Report). Although detrimental well-being associations manifest for an average country, the strength of these relations varies across countries. People’s felt societal pressure to be happy and not sad is particularly linked to poor well-being in countries with a higher World Happiness Index. Although the cross-sectional nature of our work prohibits causal conclusions, our findings highlight the correlational link between social emotion valuation and individual well-being, and suggest that high national happiness levels may have downsides for some.
- ItemWho in the World Is Trying to Change Their Personality Traits? Volitional Personality Change Among College Students in Six Continents(American Psychological Association, 2021) Baranski E.; Lee D.; Funder D.C.; Gardiner G.; Beramendi M.; Bastian B.; Neubauer A.; Cortez D.; Roth E.; Torres A.; Zanini D.S.; Petkova K.; Tracy J.; Amiot C.E.; Pelletier-Dumas M.; Gonzalez R.; Rosenbluth A.; Salgado S.; Guan Y.; Yang Y.; Buchtel E.E.; Yeung V.W.-L.; Forero D.A.; Camargo A.; Jerneic Z.; Hroebickova M.; Graf S.; Strobaek P.; Realo A.; Becker M.; Maisonneuve C.; El-Astal S.; Gamsakhurdi V.L.; Ziegler M.; Penke L.; Rauthmann J.; Kun A.; Gadanecz P.; Vass Z.; Smohai M.; Das A.; Lavalekar A.; Rechter E.; Gnisci A.; Sergi I.; Senese V.P.; Perugini M.; Costantini G.; Komiya A.; Sato T.; Nakata Y.; Kawamoto S.; Al-Zoubi M.; Owsley N.; Jang C.; Mburu G.; Ngina I.; Dimdins G.; Barkauskiene R.; Laurinavicius A.; Markovikj M.; Serafimovska E.; Mastor K.A.; Kruse E.; Ramirez-Esparza N.; Denissen J.; Van Aken M.; Fischer R.; Onyishi I.E.; Ogba K.T.; Leknes S.; Holen V.W.; Hansen I.; Tamnes C.K.; Klava K.; Rizwan M.; Kausar R.; Khan N.; Gastardo-Conaco M.C.; Quinones D.M.A.; Szarota P.; Izdebski P.; Kotysko M.; Henriques-Calado J.; Sava F.A.; Lvova O.; Pogrebitskaya V.; Allakhverdov M.; Manichev S.; Polovic P.; Mitrovic D.; Oljaca M.; Smederevac S.; Barry O.; Hong R.; Halama P.; Musek J.; Han G.; Suh E.M.; Choi S.; Oceja L.; Villar S.; Gallardo-Pujol D.; Kekecs Z.; Arlinghaus N.; Johnson D.P.; O'Donnell A.K.; Buhler J.L.; Allemand M.; Chang Y.-P.; Lin W.-F.; Boonyasiriwat W.; Saribay S.A.; Somer O.; Akalin P.K.; Vinogradov A.; Zhuravlova L.; Rentfrow J.; Conner M.; Tullett A.; Colman D.E.; Cheng J.T.; Stocks E.; Bui H.T.T.© 2021. American Psychological AssociationRecent research conducted largely in the United States suggests that most people would like to change one or more of their personality traits. Yet almost no research has investigated the degree to which and in what ways volitional personality change (VPC), or individuals’ active efforts toward personality change, might be common around the world. Through a custom-built website, 13,278 college student participants from 55 countries and one of a larger country (Hong Kong, S.A.R.) using 42 different languages reported whether they were currently trying to change their personality and, if so, what they were trying to change. Around the world, 60.40% of participants reported that they are currently trying to change their personalities, with the highest percentage in Thailand (81.91%) and the lowest in Kenya (21.41%). Among those who provide open-ended responses to the aspect of personality they are trying to change, the most common goals were to increase emotional stability (29.73%), conscientiousness (19.71%), extraversion (15.94%), and agreeableness (13.53%). In line with previous research, students who are trying to change any personality trait tend to have relatively low levels of emotional stability and happiness. Moreover, those with relatively low levels of socially desirable traits reported attempting to increase what they lacked. These principal findings were generalizable around the world