Browsing by Author "Bourne, N."
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- ItemFar-infrared spectroscopy of a lensed starburst: a blind redshift from Herschel(2013) George, R. D.; Ivison, R. J.; Hopwood, R.; Riechers, D. A.; Bussmann, R. S.; Cox, P.; Dye, S.; Krips, M.; Negrello, M.; Neri, R.; Serjeant, S.; Valtchanov, I.; Baes, M.; Bourne, N.; Clements, D. L.; De Zotti, G.; Dunne, L.; Eales, S. A.; Ibar, E.; Maddox, S.; Smith, M. W. L.; Valiante, E.; van der Werf, P.We report the redshift of HATLAS J132427.0+284452 (hereafter HATLAS J132427), a gravitationally lensed starburst galaxy, the first determined 'blind' by the Herschel Space Observatory. This is achieved via the detection of [C II] consistent with z = 1.68 in a far-infrared spectrum taken with the SPIRE Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS). We demonstrate that the [C II] redshift is secure via detections of CO J = 2 -> 1 and 3 -> 2 using the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy and the Institut de Radioastronomie Millimetrique's Plateau de Bure Interferometer. The intrinsic properties appear typical of high-redshift starbursts despite the high lensing-amplified fluxes, proving the ability of the FTS to probe this population with the aid of lensing. The blind detection of [C II] demonstrates the potential of the SPICA Far-infrared Instrument imaging spectrometer, proposed for the much more sensitive Space Infrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics mission, to determine redshifts of multiple dusty galaxies simultaneously without the benefit of lensing.
- ItemGRAVITATIONAL LENS MODELS BASED ON SUBMILLIMETER ARRAY IMAGING OF HERSCHEL-SELECTED STRONGLY LENSED SUB-MILLIMETER GALAXIES AT z > 1.5(2013) Bussmann, R. S.; Perez-Fournon, I.; Amber, S.; Calanog, J.; Gurwell, M. A.; Dannerbauer, H.; De Bernardis, F.; Fu, Hai; Harris, A. I.; Krips, M.; Lapi, A.; Maiolino, R.; Omont, A.; Riechers, D.; Wardlow, J.; Baker, A. J.; Birkinshaw, M.; Bock, J.; Bourne, N.; Clements, D. L.; Cooray, A.; De Zotti, G.; Dunne, L.; Dye, S.; Eales, S.; Farrah, D.; Gavazzi, R.; Nuevo, J. Gonzalez; Hopwood, R.; Ibar, E.; Ivison, R. J.; Laporte, N.; Maddox, S.; Martinez-Navajas, P.; Michalowski, M.; Negrello, M.; Oliver, S. J.; Roseboom, I. G.; Scott, Douglas; Serjeant, S.; Smith, A. J.; Smith, Matthew; Streblyanska, A.; Valiante, E.; van der Werf, P.; Verma, A.; Vieira, J. D.; Wang, L.; Wilner, D.Strong gravitational lenses are now being routinely discovered in wide-field surveys at (sub-)millimeter wavelengths. We present Submillimeter Array (SMA) high-spatial resolution imaging and Gemini-South and Multiple Mirror Telescope optical spectroscopy of strong lens candidates discovered in the two widest extragalactic surveys conducted by the Herschel Space Observatory: the Herschel-Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey (H-ATLAS) and the Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (HerMES). From a sample of 30 Herschel sources with S-500 > 100 mJy, 21 are strongly lensed (i.e., multiply imaged), 4 are moderately lensed (i.e., singly imaged), and the remainder require additional data to determine their lensing status. We apply a visibility-plane lens modeling technique to the SMA data to recover information about the masses of the lenses as well as the intrinsic (i.e., unlensed) sizes (r(half)) and far-infrared luminosities (L-FIR) of the lensed submillimeter galaxies (SMGs). The sample of lenses comprises primarily isolated massive galaxies, but includes some groups and clusters as well. Several of the lenses are located at z(lens) > 0.7, a redshift regime that is inaccessible to lens searches based on Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectroscopy. The lensed SMGs are amplified by factors that are significantly below statistical model predictions given the 500 mu m flux densities of our sample. We speculate that this may reflect a deficiency in our understanding of the intrinsic sizes and luminosities of the brightest SMGs. The lensed SMGs span nearly one decade in L-FIR (median L-FIR = 7.9 x 10(12) L-circle dot) and two decades in FIR luminosity surface density (median Sigma(FIR) = 6.0 x 10(11) L-circle dot kpc(-2)). The strong lenses in this sample and others identified via (sub-) mm surveys will provide a wealth of information regarding the astrophysics of galaxy formation and evolution over a wide range in redshift.
- ItemHerschel-ATLAS/GAMA: What determines the far-infrared properties of radio galaxies?(2013) Virdee, J. S.; Hardcastle, M. J.; Rawlings, S.; Rigopoulou, D.; Mauch, T.; Jarvis, M. J.; Verma, A.; Smith, D. J. B.; Heywood, I.; White, S. V.; Baes, M.; Cooray, A.; de Zotti, G.; Eales, S.; Michalowski, M. J.; Bourne, N.; Dariush, A.; Dunne, L.; Hopwood, R.; Ibar, E.; Maddox, S.; Smith, M. W. L.; Valiante, E.We perform a stacking analysis of Herschel Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey (H-ATLAS) data in order to obtain isothermal dust temperatures and rest-frame luminosities at 250 mu m (L-250), for a well-defined sample of 1599 radio sources over the H-ATLAS Phase 1/Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA) area. The radio sample is generated using a combination of NRAO VLA Sky Survey data and K-band United Kingdom Infrared Telescope Deep Sky Survey-Large Area Survey data, over the redshift range 0.01 < z < 0.8. The far-infrared (FIR) properties of the sample are investigated as a function of 1.4-GHz luminosity, redshift, projected radio-source size and radio spectral index. In order to search for stellar-mass-dependent relations, we split the parent sample into those sources which are below and above 1.5 L-K*.
- ItemHERSCHEL-ATLAS: A BINARY HyLIRG PINPOINTING A CLUSTER OF STARBURSTING PROTOELLIPTICALS(2013) Ivison, R. J.; Swinbank, A. M.; Smail, Ian; Harris, A. I.; Bussmann, R. S.; Cooray, A.; Cox, P.; Fu, H.; Kovacs, A.; Krips, M.; Narayanan, D.; Negrello, M.; Neri, R.; Penarrubia, J.; Richard, J.; Riechers, D. A.; Rowlands, K.; Staguhn, J. G.; Targett, T. A.; Amber, S.; Baker, A. J.; Bourne, N.; Bertoldi, F.; Bremer, M.; Calanog, J. A.; Clements, D. L.; Dannerbauer, H.; Dariush, A.; De Zotti, G.; Dunne, L.; Eales, S. A.; Farrah, D.; Fleuren, S.; Franceschini, A.; Geach, J. E.; George, R. D.; Helly, J. C.; Hopwood, R.; Ibar, E.; Jarvis, M. J.; Kneib, J. -P.; Maddox, S.; Omont, A.; Scott, D.; Serjeant, S.; Smith, M. W. L.; Thompson, M. A.; Valiante, E.; Valtchanov, I.; Vieira, J.; van der Werf, P.Panchromatic observations of the best candidate hyperluminous infrared galaxies from the widest Herschel extragalactic imaging survey have led to the discovery of at least four intrinsically luminous z = 2.41 galaxies across an approximate to 100 kpc region-a cluster of starbursting protoellipticals. Via subarcsecond interferometric imaging we have measured accurate gas and star formation surface densities. The two brightest galaxies span similar to 3 kpc FWHM in submillimeter/radio continuum and CO J = 4-3, and double that in CO J = 1-0. The broad CO line is due partly to the multitude of constituent galaxies and partly to large rotational velocities in two counter-rotating gas disks-a scenario predicted to lead to the most intense starbursts, which will therefore come in pairs. The disks have M-dyn of several x 10(11) M-circle dot, and gas fractions of similar to 40%. Velocity dispersions are modest so the disks are unstable, potentially on scales commensurate with their radii: these galaxies are undergoing extreme bursts of star formation, not confined to their nuclei, at close to the Eddington limit. Their specific star formation rates place them greater than or similar to 5x above the main sequence, which supposedly comprises large gas disks like these. Their high star formation efficiencies are difficult to reconcile with a simple volumetric star formation law. N-body and dark matter simulations suggest that this system is the progenitor of a B(inary)-type approximate to 10(14.6)-M-circle dot cluster.
- ItemHerschel-ATLAS: correlations between dust and gas in local submm-selected galaxies(2013) Bourne, N.; Dunne, L.; Bendo, G. J.; Smith, M. W. L.; Clark, C. J. R.; Smith, D. J. B.; Rigby, E. E.; Baes, M.; Leeuw, L. L.; Maddox, S. J.; Thompson, M. A.; Bremer, M. N.; Cooray, A.; Dariush, A.; de Zotti, G.; Dye, S.; Eales, S.; Hopwood, R.; Ibar, E.; Ivison, R. J.; Jarvis, M. J.; Michalowski, M. J.; Rowlands, K.; Valiante, E.We present an analysis of CO molecular gas tracers in a sample of 500 mu m-selected Herschel Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey (H-ATLAS) galaxies at z < 0.05 (cz < 14990 km s(-1)). Using 22-500 mu m photometry from Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer, Infrared Astronomical Satellite and Herschel, with HI data from the literature, we investigate correlations between warm and cold dust, and tracers of the gas in different phases. The correlation between global CO(3-2) line fluxes and far-infrared (FIR)-submillimetre (submm) fluxes weakens with increasing infrared wavelength (lambda greater than or similar to 60 mu m), as a result of colder dust being less strongly associated with dense gas. Conversely, CO(2-1) and HI line fluxes both appear to be better correlated with longer wavelengths, suggesting that cold dust is more strongly associated with diffuse atomic and molecular gas phases, consistent with it being at least partially heated by radiation from old stellar populations. The increased scatter at long wavelengths implies that submm fluxes are a poorer tracer of star formation rate (SFR). Fluxes at 22 and 60 mu m are also better correlated with diffuse gas tracers than dense CO(3-2), probably due to very small grain emission in the diffuse interstellar medium, which is not correlated with SFR. The FIR/CO luminosity ratio and the dust mass/CO luminosity ratio both decrease with increasing luminosity, as a result of either correlations between mass and metallicity (changing CO/H-2) or between CO luminosity and excitation [changing CO(3-2)/CO(1-0)].
- ItemHerschel-ATLAS: modelling the first strong gravitational lenses(2014) Dye, S.; Negrello, M.; Hopwood, R.; Nightingale, J. W.; Bussmann, R. S.; Amber, S.; Bourne, N.; Cooray, A.; Dariush, A.; Dunne, L.; Eales, S. A.; Gonzalez-Nuevo, J.; Ibar, E.; Ivison, R. J.; Maddox, S.; Valiante, E.; Smith, M.We have determined the mass density radial profiles of the first five strong gravitational lens systems discovered by the Herschel Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey. We present an enhancement of the semilinear lens inversion method of Warren & Dye which allows simultaneous reconstruction of several different wavebands and apply this to dual-band imaging of the lenses acquired with the Hubble Space Telescope. The five systems analysed here have lens redshifts which span a range 0.22 <= z <= 0.94. Our findings are consistent with other studies by concluding that: (1) the logarithmic slope of the total mass density profile steepens with decreasing redshift; (2) the slope is positively correlated with the average total projected mass density of the lens contained within half the effective radius and negatively correlated with the effective radius; (3) the fraction of dark matter contained within half the effective radius increases with increasing effective radius and increases with redshift.
- ItemIsothermal dust models of Herschel-ATLAS☆ galaxies(2013) Smith, D. J. B.; Hardcastle, M. J.; Jarvis, M. J.; Maddox, S. J.; Dunne, L.; Bonfield, D. G.; Eales, S.; Serjeant, S.; Thompson, M. A.; Baes, M.; Clements, D. L.; Cooray, A.; De Zotti, G.; Gonzalez-Nuevo, J.; van der Werf, P.; Virdee, J.; Bourne, N.; Dariush, A.; Hopwood, R.; Ibar, E.; Valiante, E.We use galaxies from the Herschel-ATLAS (H-ATLAS) survey, and a suite of ancillary simulations based on an isothermal dust model, to study our ability to determine the effective dust temperature, luminosity and emissivity index of 250 mu m selected galaxies in the local Universe (z < 0.5). As well as simple far-infrared spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting of individual galaxies based on chi(2) minimization, we attempt to derive the best global isothermal properties of 13 826 galaxies with reliable optical counterparts and spectroscopic redshifts. Using our simulations, we highlight the fact that applying traditional SED fitting techniques to noisy observational data in the Herschel Space Observatory bands introduces artificial anti-correlation between derived values of dust temperature and emissivity index. This is true even for galaxies with the most robust statistical detections in our sample, making the results of such fitting difficult to interpret. We apply a method to determine the best-fitting global values of isothermal effective temperature and emissivity index for z < 0.5 galaxies in H-ATLAS, deriving T-eff = 22.3 +/- 0.1 K and beta = 1.98 +/- 0.02 (or T-eff = 23.5 +/- 0.1 K and beta = 1.82 +/- 0.02 if we attempt to correct for bias by assuming that T-eff and beta(eff) are independent and normally distributed). We use our technique to test for an evolving emissivity index, finding only weak evidence. The median dust luminosity of our sample is log(10)(L-dust/L-circle dot) = 10.72 +/- 0.05, which (unlike T-eff) shows little dependence on the choice of beta used in our analysis, including whether it is variable or fixed. In addition, we use a further suite of simulations based on a fixed emissivity index isothermal model to emphasize the importance of the H-ATLAS PACS data for deriving dust temperatures at these redshifts, even though they are considerably less sensitive than the SPIRE data. Finally, we show that the majority of galaxies detected by H-ATLAS are normal star-forming galaxies, though with a substantial minority (similar to 31 per cent) falling in the Luminous Infrared Galaxy category.
- ItemLens Models of Herschel-Selected Galaxies From High-Resolution Near-IR Observations.(2014) Calanog, J.; Kim, Sam; Fu, Hai; Cooray, Asantha; Wardlow, Julie L.; Ma, B.; Amber, S.; Baker, A. J.; Baes, M.; Bock, J.; Bourne, N.