Browsing by Author "Bravo, Paulina"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Adaptation and validation of a questionnaire to measure stigma toward mental illness among health professionals working in primary care in Chile
    (2019) Sapag Muñoz de la Peña, Jaime; Velasco Grandón, Paola Renée; Parra, Claudia; Anríquez, Samanta; Villarroel, Luis; Alvarado, Rubén; Poblete, Fernando; Jofré, Ana; Aracena Álvarez, Marcela; Bravo, Paulina; Mascayano, Franco; Álvarez, Cinthia; Chacón, Sergio; De Arcas, Michelle; Ulloa, Viviana; Barrios, Daniela; Díaz, Andrés; Sena, Brena
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    Attributes and features of a community health model from the perspective of practitioners
    (SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2017) Dois, Angelina; Bravo, Paulina; Soto, Gabriela
    Background: The Family and Community Health Model is based on three essential principles: user-centered care, comprehensive care and continuity of care. Aim: To describe the attributes and characteristics of the guiding principles of the Family and Community Health Model (FHM) from the perspective of primary care experts. Material and Methods: This was a qualitative study. An electronic Delphi was conducted with 29 national experts on primary care. Results: The experts agree that user centered care must be based on a psycho-social model integrating the multiple factors that influence health problems. It also must integrate patients' individual features, family and environmental issues. The proposed actions promote shared decision making. To promote integral care, anticipatory guidelines should be expanded and health care of patients with chronic conditions should be improved. Continuity of care should be promoted increasing working hours of medical centers and easing access to integrated electronic medical records, thereby generating efficient links between the different care levels. Conclusions: The results of the study can guide the clinical and administrative management of health teams, allowing the strengthening of primary health care according to the local realities.
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    Cross-cultural adaptation of four instruments to measure stigma towards people with mental illness and substance use problems among primary care professionals in Chile
    (2022) Parra Videla, Claudia; Sapag Muñoz de la Peña, Jaime; Klabunde, Rachel; Velasco, Paola R.; Anríquez, Samanta; Aracena Álvarez, Marcela; Mascayano, Franco; Bravo, Paulina; Sena, Brena F.; Jofré Escalona, Ana; Bobbili, Sireesha J.; Corrigan, Patrick W.; Bustamante, Inés; Poblete, Fernando; Alvarado, Rubén
    Stigma toward people with mental illness and substance use problems is a significant global concern, and prevents people with these conditions from accessing treatment, particularly in primary health care (PHC) settings. Stigma is a cultural phenomenon that is influenced by particular contexts and can differ by country and region. The majority of stigma research focuses on Europe or North America leading to a lack of culturally relevant stigma research instruments for the Latin American context. The present study describes and discusses the methodology for cross-culturally adapting four stigma measurement scales to the Chilean context. The cross-cultural adaptation process included nine phases: (1) preparation; (2) independent translations; (3) synthesis 1 with expert committee; (4) focus groups and interviews with researchers, PHC professionals, and PHC users; (5) synthesis 2 with expert committee; (6) independent back translations; (7) synthesis 3 with expert committee; (8) pilot with PHC professionals; and (9) final revisions. The adaptation process included an array of diverse voices from the PHC context, and met three adaptation objectives defined prior to beginning the process (Understandability, Relevance, and Acceptability and Answer Options). The resulting, culturally adapted questionnaire is being validated and implemented within PHC settings across Chile to provide in-depth insight into stigma among PHC professionals in the country. The authors hope it will be useful for future research on mental illness and substance use stigma in similar settings across Latin America.
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    Percepción del cuidado centrado en la persona y autonomía en la atención clínica de usuarios que viven con multimorbilidad
    (2024) Dois C., Angelina M.; Bravo, Paulina
    Objetivo: Promover autonomía significa transitar desde un modelo paternalista hacia uno que posicione en un rol activo a las personas durante el encuentro clínico, con participación en la toma de decisiones relativas al cuidado de su salud. Este manuscrito describe la percepción de usuarios que viven con multimorbilidad respecto del ejercicio de su autonomía durante la atención clínica. Método: Estudio de caso cualitativo en usuarios con multimorbilidad atendidos en un Centro de Salud Familiar de Santiago, Chile. Se realizó análisis de contenido según Krippendorf. Resultados: La muestra quedó conformada por 19 participantes adultos con un promedio de 2,7 condiciones crónicas de salud. Del análisis de contenido de las entrevistas emergen tres categorías: a) Significado atribuido por los usuarios a la autonomía en la atención de salud, b) Elementos que debe considerar una atención en salud que respete la autonomía del usuario y c) Participación durante la atención clínica. Conclusiones: Frente al aumento de las condiciones crónicas de salud imperativo repensar la forma de brindar atención de salud, relevando el valor de la participación usuaria a través de la toma de decisiones compartida como expresión de respeto de su autonomía y una forma de fomentar el cuidado centrado en las personas.
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    Perception of users about an Integral Model of Family and Community Health care in Santiago, Chile
    (SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2016) Dois, Angelina; Contreras, Aixa; Bravo, Paulina; Mora, Isabel; Soto, Gabriela; Solis, Claudia
    Background: The integral Model of Family and Community Health care is based on three essential principles: patient centered care, comprehensive care and continuity of care. Aim: To know the perception of primary care clinic users about the elements that should be considered in a patient centered integrated health care. Material and Methods: Ten males and 31 females aged 18 to 78 years, users of two public family primary care centers participated in focus groups, which were recorded. A qualitative descriptive research design based on content analysis according to Krippendorf was done. Results: Seven issues emerged from the description of patients' experiences: professional-patient relationship, fragmentation of care, continued care with the same professional, promotion and prevention, availability of services and patient records. Conclusions: There are difficulties to install an integral model of family and community health care. The concerns raised by participants should be considered in order to modify the design of these models.