Browsing by Author "Bueno Ramirez, Susan Marcela"

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    Effective Treatment against ESBL-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae through Synergism of the Photodynamic Activity of Re (I) Compounds with Beta-Lactams
    (2021) González, Iván A.; Palavecino, Annegrett; Núñez, Constanza; Dreyse, Paulina; Melo-González, Felipe; Bueno Ramirez, Susan Marcela; Palavecino, Christian Erick
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    From animal studies into clinical trials: the relevance of animal models to develop vaccines and therapies to reduce disease severity and prevent hRSV infection
    (2022) Soto, J. A.; Gálvez, N. M. S; Rivera, D. B; Díaz, F. E.; Riedel, C. A.; Bueno Ramirez, Susan Marcela; Kalergis, Alexis M.
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    Gestational hypothyroidism increases the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in adult offspring
    (2013) Albornoz, E.A.; Carreño, L.J.; Cortes, C.M.; Gonzalez, P.A.; Cisternas, P.A.; Cautivo, K.M.; Catalán, T.P.; Opazo, M.C.; Eugenin, E.A.; Berman, J.W.; Bueno Ramirez, Susan Marcela; Kalergis, Alexis M.; Riedel, C.A.
    Background: Maternal thyroid hormones play a fundamental role in appropriate fetal development during gestation. Offspring that have been gestated under maternal hypothyroidism suffer cognitive impairment. Thyroid hormone deficiency during gestation can significantly impact the central nervous system by altering the migration, differentiation, and function of neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. Given that gestational hypothyroidism alters the immune cell ratio in offspring, it is possible that this condition could result in higher sensitivity for the development of autoimmune diseases. Methods: Adult mice gestated under hypothyroidism were induced with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Twenty-one days after EAE induction, the disease score, myelin content, immune cell infiltration, and oligodendrocyte death were evaluated. Results: We observed that mice gestated under hypothyroidism showed higher EAE scores after disease induction during adulthood compared to mice gestated in euthyroidism. In addition, spinal cord sections of mice gestated under hypothyroidism that suffered EAE in adulthood showed higher demyelination, CD4+ and CD8+ infiltration, and increased oligodendrocyte death. Conclusions: These results show for the first time that a deficiency in maternal thyroid hormones during gestation can influence the outcome of a central nervous system inflammatory disease, such as EAE, in their offspring. These data strongly support evaluating thyroid hormones in pregnant women and treating hypothyroidism during pregnancy to prevent increased susceptibility to inflammatory diseases in the central nervous system of offspring. © Copyright 2013, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2013.
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    Impact of Hypoxia over Human Viral Infections and Key Cellular Processes
    (2021) Antonia Reyes; Luisa F. Duarte; Mónica A. Farías; Eduardo Tognarelli; Alexis M. Kalergis; Bueno Ramirez, Susan Marcela; Pablo A. González
    Oxygen is essential for aerobic cells, and thus its sensing is critical for the optimal maintenance of vital cellular and tissue processes such as metabolism, pH homeostasis, and angiogenesis, among others. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) play central roles in oxygen sensing. Under hypoxic conditions, the α subunit of HIFs is stabilized and forms active heterodimers that translocate to the nucleus and regulate the expression of important sets of genes. This process, in turn, will induce several physiological changes intended to adapt to these new and adverse conditions. Over the last decades, numerous studies have reported a close relationship between viral infections and hypoxia. Interestingly, this relation is somewhat bidirectional, with some viruses inducing a hypoxic response to promote their replication, while others inhibit hypoxic cellular responses. Here, we review and discuss the cellular responses to hypoxia and discuss how HIFs can promote a wide range of physiological and transcriptional changes in the cell that modulate numerous human viral infections.
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    Pharmacological management of human respiratory syncytial virus infection
    (2020) Kalergis, Alexis M.; Jorge A. Soto; Nicolás M. S. Gálvez; Catalina A. Andrade; Ayleen Fernandez; Karen Bohmwald; Bueno Ramirez, Susan Marcela
    Introduction: Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the primary viral cause of respiratory diseases, leading to bronchiolitis and pneumonia in vulnerable populations. The only current treatment against this virus is palliative, and no efficient and specific vaccine against this pathogen is available. Areas covered: The authors describe the disease symptoms caused by hRSV, the economic and social impact of this infection worldwide, and how this infection can be modulated using pharmacological treatments, preventing and limiting its dissemination. The authors discuss the use of antibodies as prophylactic tools -such as palivizumab- and the use of nonspecific drugs to decrease the symptoms associated with the infection -such as bronchodilators, corticoids, and antivirals. They also discuss current vaccine candidates, new prophylactic treatments, and new antivirals options, which are currently being tested. Expert opinion: Today, many researchers are focused on developing different strategies to modulate the symptoms induced by hRSV. However, to achieve this, understanding how current treatments are working and their shortcomings needs to be further elucidated.