Browsing by Author "Bustamante, Waldo"

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    COVID-19 y ciudad: hacia un modelo integrado de vivienda, microbiología, ambiente y urbanismo
    (Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, 2021) Encinas Pino, Felipe; Soto-Liebe, Katia; Aguirre Núñez, Carlos Andrés; González, Bernardo; Bustamante, Waldo; Schueftan, Alejandra; Ugalde, Juan; Blondel, Carlos; Truffello, Ricardo; Araya, Paz; Freed, Carmen; CEDEUS (Chile)
    © 2021, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya. All rights reserved.As of May 2020, the global health crisis caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus moves its epicentre to Latin America, with cities showing high rates of poverty, segregation, and overcrowding. Current advances in microbiology make it possible to understand in depth the relationships between cities, COVID-19, and other microorganisms, but a conceptual framework to articulate them is lacking, especially in contexts where social determinants are so relevant. This article proposes an integrated approach to microbiology, housing, environment, and urbanism, based on a model of interactions and an empirical analysis applied to Santiago de Chile. It was possible to analyse how the propagation of COVID-19 in the city is enhanced by vulnerabilities of socio-spatial, residential and urban health, including an approach from the concept of energy poverty. At the same time, it was possible to verify how the variables associated with these vulnerabilities allowed to explain the incidence rate per 100 000 inhabitants through the different communes of Santiago de Chile. Among these, the level of housing overcrowding, the number of households with heads of household in precarious employment, and travel to the central business district stand out. Finally, the need for microbiological sampling to improve housing conditions, neighbourhoods, and cities propose a new research agenda for this Urban Microbiome" multidisciplinary team, contributing to overcoming the vulnerabilities identified in this research.
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    Thermal and lighting behavior of office buildings in Santiago of Chile
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA, 2012) Pino, Alan; Bustamante, Waldo; Escobar, Rodrigo; Pino, Felipe Encinas
    Overheating, high cooling energy demand and glare are recurrent problems in office buildings in Santiago. It is necessary to know the influence of different architectural strategies in energy demands to meet thermal comfort of the users and energy efficiency. Based on dynamic simulations, cooling and heating demand are estimated for an office building located in Santiago. It is shown that the size of envelope's glazed areas highly influences the energy demand. A totally glazed facade building might reach up to 155 kWh/m(2) year for total cooling and heating demands. On the other hand, in a building with a window-to-wall ratio (WWR) of 20%, external solar protection and selective glazing, demand might be as low as 25 kWh/m(2) year. If night ventilation is applied during cooling periods an additional reduction of 37% can be achieved. A WWR of 20% is enough to keep a useful daylight around 80% of the time throughout the year. Main conclusions are: (i) for the climate conditions of Santiago, completely glazed facades are not recommended, even with selective glazing; (ii) night ventilation shows to be highly effective to reduce cooling demand; and (iii) lower WWRs with solar protection can achieve a better daylight performance than larger WWRs due to prevention of glare. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.