Browsing by Author "Bustos, Patricia"

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    Association between proinsulin, insulin, proinsulin/insulin ratio, and insulin resistance status with the metabolic syndrome
    (2007) Pivatto, Ivana; Bustos, Patricia; Amigo, Hugo; Acosta, Ana Maria; Arteaga, Antonio
    The Metabolic Syndrome (MS) constitutes an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease. There is evidence that proinsulin blood levels and the proinsulin/insulin ratio are associated to the MS. The purpose of this study was to compare proinsulin and insulin, insulin resistance index, and the proinsulin/insulin ratio as predictors of MS. This is a cross-sectional study involving 440 men and 556 women with a mean age of 24 years. Diagnosis of MS was made according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Blood levels of insulin and proinsulin were measured, and the insulin resistance status was estimated using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). The prevalence of MS was 10.1%. HOMA-IR was the best MS risk factor for both women and men (OR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.68-2.48 and 1.09; 95% CI: 1.05-1.13, respectively). HOMA-IR presented the best positive predictive value for MS: 22% and 36% for men and women, respectively, and was the best MS indicator. The proinsulin/insulin ratio did not show significant association with MS. HOMA-IR, proinsulin, and insulin presented good negative predictive values for both genders that could be used to identify an at-risk population.
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    Búsqueda de mutaciones en el gen UL 97 asociadas a resistencia a ganciclovir en citomegalovirus obtenidos desde muestras biológicas de pacientes chilenos
    (2010) Oyarzún Andrade, María Angélica; Bustos, Patricia; González Agüero, Marcela Margot; Domínguez Moreno, María Isabel; Aguayo González, Francisco Renan; Nervi Nattero, Bruno; Ferrés, Marcela
    Background: Long term use of ganciclovir (GCV) is associated with acquired resistance to it. Ninety percent of the responsible mutations occur in cytomegalovirus (CMV) UL97 gene. Aim: To search for these mutations, comparing nucleotide sequences of CMV-positive samples from post transplant and immunocompromised patients receiving GCV, with sequences of CMV isolates obtained from subjects not exposed to the drug. Patients and Methods: Codons 440 to 465 of gene UL97, including the most common mutations causing resistance to GCV, were amplified in 33 plasma samples from patients exposed to GCV and in 15 urine samples of newborns. Both populations and their nucleotide sequences were compared with the prototype strain CMV AD169. Results: Samples of exposed patients had multiple mutations but only one had a mutation associated with clinical resistance (M4601). Eight subjects had the D605E mutation, whose role in resistance is controversial. The remaining 150 mutations were silent mutations. Conclusions: A low frequency of mutations associated with CMV resistance to GCV was found in these exposed and unexposed samples. These mutations may reflect coexistence of multiple genetic variants of CMV. The absence of clinical expression of resistance, even with these mutations, can be explained by the use of GCV for a shorter lapse than that associated with the appearance of resistance. (Rev Med Chile 2010; 138: 421-427).
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    Determinant factors of excess of weight in school children: a multilevel study
    (SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2007) Amigo, Hugo; Bustos, Patricia; Erazo, Marcia; Cumsille, Patricio; Silva, Claudio
    Background: Rates of obesity reach high levels in Chile, with geographic, social and school variations. Aim: To identify factors at two levels associated with excessive weight in school children: child-family characteristics and school-neighborhood. Material and methods: Using a cross-sectional and multi-step design, seven counties with the highest prevalence of obesity were identified, and schools were randomly chosen from within the 1(st), 3(rd) and 5(th) quintiles of the school strata (same level of obesity prevalence). Within each school, twelve 2(nd) grade children were randomly chosen, (n =42 schools and 504 students). Nutritional status, food intake, eating habits and physical activity were measured. Socio demographic, economic characteristics and nutritional status of the parents were assessed. Home size and facilities for children physical activities were assessed, as well as school infrastructure and management. Results: Most of the explained variance (97%) in the Body Mass index (BMI) was due to individual-level factors: sedentary children behaviour (beta coefficient 1.6, standard error (SE) 0.052), maternal obesity (beta 0.94; SE 0.25), paternal obesity (beta 0.83; SE 0.28) and hours watching television (beta 0.789, SE 0-297). The same risk factors were predictive if obesity: child sedentary behaviours odds ratio (OR): 3.98, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.44-6.48, maternal obesity (OR: 1.91, CI 1.2.7-3.02) and being woman (OR 1.75, CI: 1.0.1-2.76). Conclusions: BMI and obesity are associated with children behaviour or biological and cultural conditions of their families and not with school characteristics.
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    Seroprevalence study of infection with influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus in San Felipe Town, Chile
    (2013) Olea, Andrea; Fasce, Rodrigo; Aguilera, Ximena; Oliva, Otavio; Muñoz, Sergio; García, Maritza; Pedroni, Elena; Nájera, Manuel; Cerda, Jaime; Abarca Villaseca, Katia; Guerrero, Andrea; Bustos, Patricia; Mora, Judith; Vega, Jeanette; Mccarron, Meg; Widdowson, Marc-Alain; Castillo, E. R.