Browsing by Author "Castañeda González, Javiera Valentina"

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    A Community Disaster Resilience Index for Chile
    (2023) Bronfman, Nicolás; Castañeda González, Javiera Valentina; Guerrero Mancilla, Nikole Fernanda; Cisternas, Pamela; Repetto Lisboa, Paula Beatriz; Martínez, Carolina; Chamorro Giné, Marcela AlondraBronfman, Nicolás; Castañeda González, Javiera Valentina; Guerrero Mancilla, Nikole Fernanda; Cisternas, Pamela; Repetto Lisboa, Paula Beatriz; Martínez, Carolina; Chamorro Giné, Marcela Alondra
    Although Chile is one of the countries most exposed to natural hazards, to date there is no national index that shows the differences in resilience levels within the country. This study develops a community resilience index on a national scale based on the Baseline Resilience Community (BRIC) index. The BRIC index for Chile was built with 49 indicators, from different sources at the district level. Our results determined that resilience is not distributed homogeneously throughout the country. The highest levels of resilience are concentrated in the central macro-zone. In comparison, the extreme zones of Chile focus close to 90% of their population in the lowest levels, accounting for an uneven distribution of resources and services that impact resilience levels. These differences were mainly explained by indicators such as the percentage of the population without a health insurance system, the percentage of the population without internet access, and the percentage of electoral participation, among others. The results demonstrate that the BRIC model can be successfully implemented to assess community resilience in Chile and suggests the possibility of targeting resources and strategies to increase resilience in areas with the lowest levels of community resilience.
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    Factores influyentes sobre la preparación comunitaria frente a amenazas naturales en Chile
    (2022) Castañeda González, Javiera Valentina; Repetto Lisboa, Paula Beatriz; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Psicología
    La respuesta colectiva frente a los desastres es esencial para mitigar su impacto. A pesar de su relevancia, gran parte de los estudios se ha enfocado en medir los factores que influyen sobre la preparación individual o familiar, dando una menor importancia a los factores que explican la adopción de conductas colectivas frente a terremotos y tsunamis. Con el fin de contribuir a una comprensión integral de la preparación comunitaria es que este estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar la influencia de factores cognitivos, contextuales y sociodemográficos sobre la preparación comunitaria en Chile. Para lograr este objetivo se utilizó una muestra de 1093 habitantes de dos importantes zonas costeras: Valparaíso y Concepción. Dentro de los factores estudiados se consideró la percepción del riesgo, conciencia del riesgo, experiencia de daño, confianza en autoridades y factores sociodemográficos. Los resultados de este estudio indican que, a pesar de que Chile es un país altamente expuesto a desastres, existen diferencias significativas entre las ciudades costeras en los niveles y factores que influyen sobre la preparación comunitaria. En el caso de Valparaíso, aparecen como variables significativas para explicar la preparación la edad, los años viviendo en la ciudad y la conciencia del riesgo. En cambio, en Concepción lo fueron: la presencia de niños en el hogar, la educación, el ingreso y la percepción de riesgo. Sin embargo, a pesar de las diferencias entre ciudades, los resultados muestran que la confianza en autoridades es una variable transversal para explicar los niveles de preparación comunitaria en Chile.
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    Factors Influencing the Adoption of COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors in Chile
    (2021) Bronfman, Nicolás C.; Repetto Lisboa, Paula Beatriz; Cisternas Ordoñez, Pamela Carmen; Castañeda González, Javiera Valentina
    The COVID-19 pandemic forced people worldwide to implement a series of preventive hygiene and distancing measures that have significantly altered their way of life. This study examined an adapted version of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on adopting preventive behavior against COVID-19. Data was collected using a web survey completed by 1004 college students a few weeks after the first wave of infections in Chile. Our findings show that the subjective norm was the strongest predictor of adopting preventive behaviors, followed by the knowledge level and perceived behavioral control. Contrary to expectations, we found no evidence that an attitude towards preventive action predicted actual adoption of preventive behavior against COVID-19. However, knowledge and social norms play a significant role. We discuss implications for effective risk communication.
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    Household preparedness for multi-natural hazards in coastal communities
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Cisternas Ordóñez, Pamela Carmen; Cifuentes Lira, Luis Abdon; Bronfman, N.C.; Repetto Lisboa, Paula Beatriz; Castañeda González, Javiera Valentina
    Natural hazards have generated significant human and economic losses throughout history. This issue concerns the Pacific Ring of Fire (PRF) coastal cities. Chile is located on the PRF and is one of the countries with the highest seismic activity in the world. Consequently, this has resulted in a high seismic culture among the inhabitants but less knowledge and awareness of other threats, such as hydrometeorological events. Therefore, this study assessed household preparedness for multiple natural hazards in two coastal cities in Chile. To achieve this goal, we used the results of a survey conducted on a statistically representative sample of two of the main coastal cities in Chile: Valparaíso (n = 548) and Concepción (n = 585). The survey assessed household preparedness, participation in preparedness activities, and sociodemographic variables. The results showed that regardless of the study area, people perceive they are more prepared for earthquakes/tsunamis than fires and floods. Inhabitants from both cities rarely participate in preparedness activities, evidencing the importance of encouraging community members to become involved in activities to learn skills and strategies to cope with multiple hazards. Finally, the results show significant differences in preparedness based on sociodemographic characteristics; middle-aged adults declare participating more in disaster-related activities and being more prepared at home against earthquakes, tsunamis, and fires. The implications of these findings to prepare communities are discussed.
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    Temporal evolution in social vulnerability to natural hazards in Chile
    (2021) Bronfman, Nicolás C.; Repetto Lisboa, Paula Beatriz; Guerrero, Nikole; Castañeda González, Javiera Valentina; Cisternas Ordoñez, Pamela Carmen
    One of the main challenges for studying social vulnerability to natural hazards is to capture their dynamic nature. In this study, we explore the spatial and temporal variations in social vulnerability in Chile for the last two decades. Using data reported in the previous three censuses, we have characterized social vulnerability using the Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI) for 2,464 districts throughout the country for 1992, 2002, and 2017. We examined spatial variations in social vulnerability through global and local spatial autocorrelation analyses. Our results reveal that social vulnerability in Chile are distributed heterogeneously throughout the territory as a result of the spatial and temporal interaction of different factors that reflect the social and economic contrasts of its communities. In addition, factors that explain higher or lower levels of social vulnerability in one period may persist or reduce its influence over time. Therefore, territories were highly vulnerable at one time to become less so at another. Finally, factors such as disability and immigration emerge as significant elements of social vulnerability at the end of the period under study. We discuss the implications of our findings for those institutions responsible for the development and implementation of disaster risk reduction plans, programs, and policies.