Browsing by Author "Cerda Rioseco, Ricardo"

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    Effects of sociodemographic and health factors on the self-management of non-communicable diseases among Chilean adults during the Covid-19 pandemic
    (2022) Cerda Rioseco, Ricardo; Nicoletti-Rojas, Daniela; Retamal, Rodrigo; Rodríguez-Osiac, Lorena; Fuentes-Alburquenque, Mauricio; Araya-Bannout, Marcela
    Individuals with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are potentially at increased vulnerability during the Covid-19 pandemic and require additional help to reduce risk. Self-management is one effective strategy and this study investigated the effect of sociodemographic and health factors on the self-management of some non-communicable diseases, namely hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia, among Chilean adults during the Covid-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional telephone survey was carried out on 910 participants with NCDs, from Santiago, Chile. An adapted and validated version of the “Partners in Health” scale was used to measure self-management. Exploratory Factor analysis yielded five dimensions of this scale: Disease Knowledge, Healthcare Team Relationship, General Self-Management and Daily Routines, Drug Access and Intake, and Monitoring and Decision-Making. The average of these dimensions was calculated to create a new variable Self-Management Mean, which was used as a dependent variable together with the five separate dimensions. Independent variables included age, gender, years of schooling, number of diseases, the percentage of Multidimensional Poverty Index in the commune of residence, and self-rated health status. Beta regressions and ANOVA for the Beta regression residuals were utilized for analyses. Beta regression model explained 8.1% of the variance in Self-Management Mean. Age, years of schooling, number of diseases and self-rated health status were statistically associated with Self-Management Mean and dimensions related to daily routines and health decision making, such as Disease Knowledge, General Self-Management and Daily Routines, and Monitoring and Decision-Making. Gender and the percentage of Multidimensional Poverty Index in the commune of residence were insignificant. Strategies for self-management of NCDs during a crisis should consider age, years of schooling, number of diseases, and self-rated health status in their design.
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    Factores de desigualdad en la distribución de oportunidades en la educación física y salud chilena
    (2018) Cerda Rioseco, Ricardo; Carrasco, Alejandro; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Educación
    Globalmente, las desigualdades educativas en la Educación Física y Salud (EFS) se explican no solo nivel socioeconómico (NSE). La evidencia en Chile sugiere dificultades en evaluación, formación de profesores y nivel de implementación de escuelas. El objetivo fue estudiar qué factores de distribución de oportunidades explican desigualdad en la EFS chilena a partir de dimensiones materiales, discursivas y físicas en escuelas de distinto NSE. Se diseñó un estudio exploratorio mixto secuencial de tres fases: Un estudio transversal de datos secundarios del SIMCE EF 2011 para seleccionar escuelas, un estudio de campo en tres escuelas, usando técnicas etnográficas, entrevistas, análisis de video, mediciones de espacio, recursos, estado nutricional y actividad física. La tercera fase consistió en la triangulación e integración de resultados. Cinco factores explican las principales desigualdades en EFS: 1) Las visiones corporales que proyectan los escolares son complementarias entre ellos, mientras directores y profesores apelan a visiones intergeneracionales en el sistema educativo. 2) Las condiciones de operación, espacio físico y los objetos median la interacción entre los actores escolares. 3) Los rituales organizativos de tiempo-espacio promueven valoraciones sobre el cuerpo-mente-energía que es educado. 4) Los roles y modelos de enseñanza de la EFS crean prácticas diferenciadas adaptadas al contexto. 5) La evaluación macronivel y de la clase regulan las diversas posibilidades de aprendizaje en la clase. Se requiere reevaluar el nivel de integralidad de las políticas en EFS para prevenir desigualdad a distintos niveles de gestión y el sentido educativo de la EFS en Chile.