Browsing by Author "Contreras, Dante"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Clases medias en tiempos de crisis: vulnerabilidad persistente, desafíos para la cohesión y un nuevo pacto social en Chile
    (CEPAL, 2021) Barozet, Emmanuelle; Contreras, Dante; Espinoza, Vicente; Gayo, Modesto; Méndez, María Luisa
    En este documento se abordan las características y la vulnerabilidad de las clases medias en Chile, temática que ha cobrado gran relevancia en el marco de la doble crisis ocasionada por las manifestaciones sociales que se iniciaron en octubre de 2019 y la pandemia de enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19) a partir de marzo de 2020. En el estudio se analiza la relativa fragilidad de las clases medias sobre la base de la noción de cohesión social y se revisan las condiciones actualmente existentes para la definición de un nuevo pacto social en el país que considere a las clases medias como uno de sus protagonistas. El análisis se basa en datos estadísticos públicos nacionales e internacionales, así como en datos de las encuestas aplicadas en el marco del Estudio Longitudinal Social de Chile (ELSOC) que desarrolla el Centro de Estudios de Conflicto y Cohesión Social (COES).
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Estratificación, desigualdad y pacto social en el Chile actual: evaluaciones y preferencias de la población para la política pública
    (CEPAL, 2023) Méndez Layera, María Luisa; Barozet, Emmanuelle; Espinoza Espinoza, Vicente Iván; Contreras, Dante; Gayo, Modesto; Facultad de Ciencias Sociales Universidad de Chile; UNIVERSIDAD DE SANTIAGO; Universidad de Chile; Universidad Diego Portales
    En este informe se analiza la forma en que la estructura social imperante en Chile se vincula con las brechas sociales y los consensos con respecto a la justicia social. Se ofrece un panorama general sobre la estratificación y la desigualdad y el impacto de ambas en la política pública. De esta forma, el estudio contribuye a profundizar el debate sobre estratificación social en Chile, caracterizando a los estratos sociales en relación con su orientación política, y revelando las diferencias y zonas grises que se observan en la población chilena respecto a sus percepciones individuales y sus preferencias políticas, con el foco puesto en la coyuntura de los últimos años. Esta coyuntura ha tenido un efecto en el alineamiento político de la población chilena y en sus preferencias respecto del tipo de pacto social que necesita el país. Todo esto en un contexto económico difícil y menos posibilidades de movilidad social a través de la educación.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Improving the Measurement of the Relationship between Opportunities and Income : Evidence from Longitudinal Data from Chile
    (2014) Contreras, Dante; Larrañaga, Osvaldo; Puentes, Esteban; Rau Binder, Tomás Andrés
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Socioeconomic gradients in child development: Evidence from a Chilean longitudinal study 2010-2017
    (2022) Abufhele, Alejandra; Contreras, Dante; Puentes, Esteban; Telias, Amanda; Valdebenito, Natalia
    Empirical evidence shows that lack of resources during infancy and the process of accumulating disadvantages throughout childhood have important consequences for cognitive and socio-emotional development. This paper examines socioeconomic gradients across language and socio-emotional measures. Using longitudinal data from 7-year, three-wave panel data, we study the patterns of socioeconomic status and child development in Chile and estimate how much of the wealth gap can be explained by different mediators like maternal educational and skills, child attendance of preschool and school, possession of books, or domestic violence indicators. We show that there are strong associations between household wealth and child development, and that, as the child grows, the gap between the most extreme quintiles of the distribution, both in cognitive and socio-emotional skills, persists but decreases in magnitude. Taking advantage of the longitudinal nature of the data, we calculate a permanent skill for each child and each skill dimension in this 7-year period. The analysis for the permanent component shows that wealth gaps are important to determine language, but not socio-emotional skills, and that the gap is larger for girls than for boys in the early childhood period. While mediators account for some of the associations, there is still a large socioeconomic gap that persists in receptive language among children. The most important factors that mediate the wealth gaps are inherited from maternal characteristics. By understanding the dynamism of social and cognitive vulnerability experienced during childhood and employing longitudinal data and methods, this study contributes to and extends the existing literature on socioeconomic gaps and child development in the Latin American context.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Tackling wealth accumulation in a context of social upheaval: the property tax in Chile
    (2023) Mendez Layera, Maria Luisa; Atriaa, Jorge; Contreras, Dante
    In this paper, we ask whether progressive reforms are possible inconditions of right-wing politics and elite opposition. We studythe scope of a tax reform in the context of wealth concentration,socio-spatial segregation, political conflict and the elite’santipathy toward taxation using spatial analysis and interviewswith wealthy taxpayers and key actors. Findings show that reformwas possible at a critical juncture where increased demands fromsocial movements and opposition parties for redistributionpushed the government to change the tax bill to signalcommitment to higher progressivity and equality despite the eliteopposition
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    What makes elites more or less egalitarian? Variations in attitudes towards inequality within the economic, political and cultural elites in Chile
    (2024) Carranza, Rafael; Contreras, Dante; Otero, Gabriel
    This article investigates how the type of elite to which a person belongs and their intergenerational contextual experiences are associated with attitudes towards inequality among elite individuals. We propose that membership of the economic elite and access to private schools, higher education business schools and affluent residential areas may contribute to the development of views that favour inequality. Using unique survey data collected in 2018 from a sample of 416 individuals belonging to Chile's economic, political and cultural elites, we construct an additive score to measure attitudes towards inequality. Results of our regression analyses indicate that individuals belonging to the economic and political elite are more tolerant of inequality than members of the cultural elite. Moreover, intergenerational experiences at both private schools and higher education business schools significantly contribute to the formation of attitudes that favour inequality. These contextual experiences also relate to significant attitudinal variations within all elite groups.