Browsing by Author "Cortés Arancibia, Sandra Isabel"
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- ItemA Call for Biomonitoring Systems in Latin America and the Caribbean: Considerations for Potentially Toxic Metals/ Metalloids(Ubiquity Press, 2022) Tamayo-Ortiz, Marcela; Riojas-Rodríguez, Horacio; Téllez-Rojo, Marta M.; Boischio, Ana; Mañay, Nelly; Menezes-Filho, José Antonio; Queirolo, Elena I.; Cortés Arancibia, Sandra Isabel; Kordas, Katarzyna; CEDEUS (Chile)The Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region makes up 8.4% of the world’s population. Human biomonitoring (HBM) programs, which can shed light on populationlevel exposure to environmental contaminants such as toxic metals and thus, improve the health of the populations are inexistent in LAC countries. We call for the creation of HBM programs in the region and identify three viable design options for HBM at the individual level, through national surveys, newborn blood collection, and biobanks. We highlight some of challenges to the implementation of HBM programs, including financial and human resources, technical constrains (laboratory), sample, and data logistics. Finally, we provide the case studies of Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Uruguay, to illustrate a range of responses to toxic metal exposure in non-occupational populations. Although different in many respects, the individual country responses share two commonalities: 1) academic centers drive the research to raise awareness of governmental entities; 2) reference levels are adapted from international norms rather than arising from the studied populations. Well-designed and sufficiently funded biomonitoring systems need to be established in each country of the LAC region. HBM programs are key to promoting human health by informing the public and contributing to policy processes that establish sustainable environmental controls and health prevention programs.
- ItemCohort profile: the Cohorts Consortium of Latin America and the Caribbean (CC-LAC)(2020) Carrillo Larco, Rodrigo M.; Di Cesare, Mariachiara ; Hambleton, Ian R.; Hennis, Anselm; Irazola, Vilma; Stern, Dalia; Ferreccio Readi, Fresia Catterina; Lotufo, Paulo; Perel, Pablo; Gregg, Edward W.; Ezzati, Majid; Goodarz, Danaei; Miranda, J. Jaime; Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A.; Álvarez Váz, Ramón; Amadio, Marselle B.; Baccino, Cecilia; Arenas, Sandra; Bambs Sandoval, Claudia Elena; Cortés Arancibia, Sandra Isabel; Cohorts Consortium of Latin America and the Caribbean (CC-LAC)
- ItemHidatidosis humana: Generalidades y situación epidemiológica en Chile según egresos hospitalarios y notifi cación obligatoria entre los años 2001 y 2005(2010) Cortés Arancibia, Sandra Isabel; Valle B., CarlaHuman hydatidosis in Chile is described using as a source of information the Disease Notifi cation Systems and hospital discharges between 2001 and 2005. To assess the extent of human infection we calculated incidence rates and hospital discharges during this period by geographical region. Incidence rate for the period was 2.2 per 100,000 inhabitants with higher rates in the regions of Coquimbo, La Araucanía and Magallanes. The hospital discharge rate for the period was 6 per 100.000 inhabitants, being the most affected regions: La Araucanía, Aysén and Magallanes. 58.8% of cases reported are from Echinococcus granulosus, while 43.6% were registered as unspecified echinococcosis. The notification system provides a real estimate of the magnitude of this disease, reporting cases with diagnostic confirmation. The rates obtained from the discharge system overestimate the magnitude of this disease. The improvement of the notification system and seroprevalence studies are recommended.
- ItemImpact of common cardio metabolic risk factors on fatal and non fatal cardiovascular disease in Latin America and the Caribbean: an individual level pooled analysis of 31 cohort studies(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M.; Stern, Dalia; Hambleton, Ian; Hennis, Anselm; Cesare, Mariachiara Di; Lotufo, Paulo; Ferreccio Readi, Fresia Catterina; Irazola, Vilma; Perel, Pablo; Gregg, Edward W.; Miranda, J. Jaime; Ezzati, Majid; Goodarz, Danaei; Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A.; Alvarez-Váz, Ramón; Marselle B., Amadio; Baccino, Cecilia; Bambs Sandoval, Claudia Elena; Bastos, Joao Luiz; Cortés Arancibia, Sandra Isabel; Cohorts Consortium of Latin America and the Caribbean (CC-LAC)Background: estimates of the burden of cardio-metabolic risk factors in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) rely on relative risks (RRs) from non-LAC countries. Whether these RRs apply to LAC remains unknown. Methods: We pooled LAC cohorts. We estimated RRs per unit of exposure to body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC) and non-HDL cholesterol on fatal (31 cohorts, n=168,287) and non-fatal (13 cohorts, n=27,554) cardiovascular diseases, adjusting for regression dilution bias. We used these RRs and national data on mean risk factor levels to estimate the number of cardiovascular deaths attributable to non-optimal levels of each risk factor. Results: Our RRs for SBP, FPG and TC were like those observed in cohorts conducted in high-income countries; however, for BMI, our RRs were consistently smaller in people below 75 years of age. Across risk factors, we observed smaller RRs among older ages. Non-optimal SBP was responsible for the largest number of attributable cardiovascular deaths ranging from 38 per 100,000 women and 54 men in Peru, to 261 (Dominica, women) and 282 (Guyana, men). For non-HDL cholesterol, the lowest attributable rate was for women in Peru (21) and men in Guatemala (25), and the largest in men (158) and women (142) from Guyana. Interpretation: RRs for BMI from studies conducted in high-income countries may overestimate disease burden metrics in LAC; conversely, RRs for SBP, FPG and TC from LAC cohorts are similar to those estimated from cohorts in high-income countries. Funding: Wellcome Trust (214185/Z/18/Z)
- ItemLevels of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins/Furans (PCDD/Fs) and Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in Human Breast Milk in Chile: A Pilot Study(2021) Foerster, Claudia; Zúñiga-Venegas, Liliana; Enríquez, Pedro; Rojas, Jacqueline; Zamora, Claudia; Muñoz, Ximena; Pancetti, Floria; Muñoz-Quezada, María Teresa; Lucero, Boris; Saracini, Chiara; Salas, Claudio; Cortés Arancibia, Sandra Isabel
- ItemUrinary Metal Levels in a Chilean Community 31 Years After the Dumping of Mine Tailings(2016) Cortés Arancibia, Sandra Isabel; Molina Lagos, Lucía; Burgos, Soledad; Adaros, Héctor; Ferreccio Readi, Fresia CatterinaBackground. Between 1938 and 1975, the city of Chañaral, located in the north of Chile, received 200 megatons of unregulated mining waste, which created an artificial beach 10 kilometers long and covering an area larger than 4 km2. In 1983, this deposit was classified as a serious case of marine pollution in the Pacific Ocean, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. In 1989, dumping ceased due to a judicial order. Until now, the effects of this pollution on the population living around these mine tailings has been unknown. Objective. To determine the revalence of exposure to metals by dust from mine tailings in Chañaral, a city located in the northern mining area of Chile. Methods. The level of urinary metals in a representative sample of adults from Chanaral was determined. Results. Urinary levels of total arsenic (44.6 μg/L), inorganic arsenic (17.0 μg/L) and nickel (2.8 μg/L) were higher than in other areas of Chile. Levels of copper (17.9 μg/L), mercury (1.6 μg/L) and lead (0.9 μg/L) exceeded international values. Of the total subjects, 67.5%, 30.4%, 29.4%, 16.9%, 13.2 and 9.3% presented with high levels of copper, nickel, total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, mercury and lead, respectively. Conclusion. Thirty-one years after suspension of the discharge of mining waste, the local population in this area remains exposed to metals from the mine tailings. Surveillance and remedial actions addressing the Chañaral mine tailings are needed. Patient Consent. Obtained Ethics Approval. The protocols and informed consent documents were approved by the Ethics Committee for Human Research of the School of Medicine of the University of Chile. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.
- ItemVulneración de derechos humanos en las movilizaciones de octubre de 2019 en Chile(2021) Cortés Arancibia, Sandra Isabel; Martínez-Gutiérrez, María Soledad; Anríquez Jiménez, Samanta; CEDEUS (Chile)La revuelta popular de octubre de 2019 en Chile ha visibilizado nuevamente el tema de las vulneraciones de los derechos humanos en el contexto de movilizaciones masivas. En cuanto a daños en la salud de la población, se reportaron numerosas lesiones oculares por proyectiles de impacto cinético y uso de bombas lacrimógenas como proyectiles contra las personas, generando un brote de lesiones oculares inédito en el mundo. Existió un uso excesivo de armas químicas y no se han comunicado todos los químicos utilizados. El impacto en salud mental, sobre todo de la población que vivió en dictadura en los años 1970, es incierto, y la atención de salud se vio desbordada en las áreas geográficas más vulnerables. Es urgente establecer un sistema oportuno y transparente de vigilancia de este tipo de lesiones y conocer todos los compuestos químicos usados como lacrimógenos, así como la composición de los balines y los proyectiles.