Browsing by Author "Cumsille P."
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- ItemCharacterization of Latent Classes of Early Preadolescents from Their Reports of Victimization and Bullying – A Latent Class Analysis(WORLD BANK INST, 2024) Carcamo M.; Cumsille P.; Gaete J.© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.Bullying is defined as persistent hostile actions intended to harm the recipient in a power imbalance relationship. While children and adolescents have been identified as either victims, bullies or bully-victims in past research, few studies have identified patterns of more specific forms of bullying and victimization that have not been examined. This study aimed to characterize classes of bullying behaviour and its associations in students aged 9 to 14 years from schools serving socially vulnerable students. The study used secondary self–report data from Chilean school students (n = 5151) aged 9–13 years. Using latent class analysis and ten observed items that report different forms of victimization and bullying, we identified five classes of bullying behaviour. Overall, 54% of the sample was included in a class associated with bullying behaviour, either as a victim, a bully, or a bully-victim. The most prevalent classes were non-involved (46%) and teasing victim (25%). Regarding predictors, emotional symptoms were associated with higher odds of belonging to the bully-victim, victim and victim teasing classes, in contrast to non-involved classes. In contrast, conduct problems were associated with higher odds of belonging to any class other than the non-involved class. Identifying heterogeneous classes of bullying and victimization and specific correlates may allow for tailoring intervention to prevent specific forms of bullying behaviour.
- ItemCharacterization of students with interrupted educational trajectories in a sample of reentry schools through latent class analysisCaracterización de estudiantes con trayectorias educativas interrumpidas en una muestra de escuelas de reingreso a través de análisis de clases latentes(Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, 2020) Romo J.; Cumsille P.© 2020 PEL.Primary and secondary education in Chile is free and mandatory by law according to the Chilean Constitution. Consequently, attendance of primary and secondary education is a fundamental human right in Chilean society. It is estimated that between 139,000 and 358,000 young people between six and 21 are outside the Chilean educational system. The goal of this study was to characterize students who dropped out of the regular school system and are currently attending re-entry schools. Using Latent Class Analysis we identified this population as a heterogeneous group of youths forming three distinct groups: newcomers, seniors, and complex. The characteristics of this population are different from two other comparative groups attending Preventive Programs and Socio-educational Programs. The students of re-entry schools are a group formed mostly by males who hastily leave formal education and with different amounts of school retardation. They have sociodemographic characteristics that hinder their educational trajectory-such as monetary poverty-but they have a low frequency of problems with the law and social protection measures.
- ItemDeterminant factors of excess of weight in school children: A multilevel studyFactores determinantes del exceso de peso en escolares: Un estudio multinivel(2007) Amigo C. H.; Bustos P.; Erazo M.; Cumsille P.; Silva C.; Amigo C. H.Background: Rates of obesity reach high levels in Chile, with geographic, social and school variations. Aim: To identify factors at two levels associated with excessive weight in school children: child-family characteristics and school-neighborhood. Material and methods: Using a cross-sectional and multi-step design, seven counties with the highest prevalence of obesity were identified, and schools were randomly chosen from within the 1st, 3rd and 5th quintiles of the school strata (same level of obesity prevalence). Within each school, twelve 2nd grade children were randomly chosen (n =42 schools and 504 students). Nutritional status, food intake, eating habits and physical activity were measured. Socio demographic, economic characteristics and nutritional status of the parents were assessed. Home size and facilities for children physical activities were assessed, as well as school infrastructure and management. Results: Most of the explained variance (97%) in the Body Mass Index (BMI) was due to individual-level factors: sedentary children behaviour (β coefficient 1.6, standard error (SE) 0.052), maternal obesity (β 0.94; SE 0.25), paternal obesity (β 0.83; SE 0.28) and hours watching television (β 0.789, SE 0.297). The same risk factors were predictive of obesity: child sedentary behaviours odds ratio (OR): 3.98, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.44-6.48, maternal obesity (OR: 1.91, CI 1.21-3.02) and being woman (OR 1.75, CI: 1.01-2.76). Conclusions: BMI and obesity are associated with children behaviour or biological and cultural conditions of their families and not with school characteristics.
- ItemEconomic constraints or cultural preferences? The parent justification of child labor in Chile¿Necesidad económica o preferencias culturales? La justificación parental del trabajo infantil en Chile(2008) del Río M.; Cumsille P.Using data from the First National Survey on Children Labor conducted in 2003, we analyzed parental justification for children labor. We hypothesized that a higher probability of economic justification would be observed in parents of children from vulnerable groups: lower socioeconomic status (SES), children younger than 12 years, and girls. Logistic regression revealed that economic constraints are the most common justification among the more vulnerable groups, but that others reasons, such as cultural preferences and adolescence participation in the decision making process, are increasingly important. Copyright 2008 by Psykhe.
- ItemUpper secondary students’ situational interest in physics learning in Finland and Chile(Routledge, 2021) Lavonen J.; Upadyaya K.; Juuti K.; Inkinen J.; Salmela-Aro K.; Lavonen J.; Avalos B.; Araneda S.; Cumsille P.© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.This study examines how classroom activities, student gender and student personal interest in science studies and careers predict situational interest in physics learning. Teaching modules were designed based on the secondary physics curricula in Finland (Helsinki) and Chile (Santiago and Viña del Mar) emphasising students engagement in scientific practices. The study was implemented in four classrooms in both countries. Data on situational interest and ongoing classroom activities were obtained using the experience sampling method, with measurements taken three times during a lesson. The process yielded a total of 1717 measurements in the Finnish schools and 1767 in the Chilean schools. Multilevel regression analyses with mixed effects and random intercept were conducted. Results showed a positive effect of scientific practices that required asking questions, designing scientific inquiry and interpreting data on situational interest. Student collaborative situations were more interesting for Chilean students than for Finnish ones. In terms of gender differences, on average, Finnish male and female students experienced the same level of situational interest, while the situational interest of Chilean female students was higher than the average of male students. Personal interest in science studies and careers was the best predictor of situational interest in both countries.
- ItemValidation of the Short-Version of the Modern Homonegativity Scale in Chilean YouthValidación de la Versión Abreviada de la Escala de Homonegatividad Moderna en Jóvenes Chilenos(Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, 2022) Gómez F.; Cumsille P.; González R.Copyright 2021 by PsykheThough gay and lesbian rights have received increasing recognition around the world, prejudice and discrimination have become more covert. The main objective of this study was to validate the 10-item version of the Modern Homonegativity Scale (MHS) in its two parallel forms: modern homonegativity towards gay men (MHS-G) and modern homonegativity towards lesbians (MHS-L). The participants in this study were 182 young Chileans from Santiago, aged between 18 and 25 years, who were selected through convenience (non-probability) sampling. A confirmatory factor analysis yielded evidence for the unidimensionality of both versions of the instrument. Both forms of the instrument obtained good indicators of internal consistency according to McDonald’s omega (ωgay = 0.91, CI 95% [0.89, 0.93]; ωles = 0.90, CI 95% [0.88, 0.92]). The multigroup analyses conducted suggest that both forms are invariant for men and women as well as between themselves. We found a positive association between modern homonegativity levels and sexism and conservatism levels as well as a negative relationship with positive affects and intentions of establishing contact with gay men and lesbian women. These results offer support for the use of the 2 Chilean versions of the instrument (MHS-G and MHS-L), making available a useful tool for measuring new expressions of prejudice towards gay men and lesbians in Chilean youth.
- ItemWaiting Room Physical Environment and Outpatient Experience: The Spatial User Experience Model as Analytical Tool(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2021) Juliá Nehme B.; Torres Irribarra D.; Cumsille P.; Yoon S.Y.© 2021 Interior Design Educators Council.Waiting to receive medical attention is universally present in outpatient health services and, therefore, is a critical experience for service satisfaction. Researchers find that the waiting room physical environment influences users, and it may reduce the adverse effects of waiting. In this study, we used the spatial user experience model (SUE) framework in order to better understand the impact of waiting room features on patient experience. We developed and administered a questionnaire in waiting rooms at two Chilean medical centers. Responses from 563 outpatients and their companions were analyzed through structural equation modeling, concluding that the model is appropriate to describe the SUE in waiting rooms. The dimensions of emotional reaction, spatial appreciation, physical compatibility, and spatial cognition had the most substantial influence on user experience. Furthermore, the user experience showed a strong influence on behavioral intentions desirable by the healthcare industry. Our study provides useful insights to managers and creative teams about the diversity of factors that should be taken into consideration to implement waiting rooms that facilitate positive experiences for patients and visitors.