Browsing by Author "Cumsille P."

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    Characterization of students with interrupted educational trajectories in a sample of reentry schools through latent class analysisCaracterización de estudiantes con trayectorias educativas interrumpidas en una muestra de escuelas de reingreso a través de análisis de clases latentes
    (Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, 2020) Romo J.; Cumsille P.
    © 2020 PEL.Primary and secondary education in Chile is free and mandatory by law according to the Chilean Constitution. Consequently, attendance of primary and secondary education is a fundamental human right in Chilean society. It is estimated that between 139,000 and 358,000 young people between six and 21 are outside the Chilean educational system. The goal of this study was to characterize students who dropped out of the regular school system and are currently attending re-entry schools. Using Latent Class Analysis we identified this population as a heterogeneous group of youths forming three distinct groups: newcomers, seniors, and complex. The characteristics of this population are different from two other comparative groups attending Preventive Programs and Socio-educational Programs. The students of re-entry schools are a group formed mostly by males who hastily leave formal education and with different amounts of school retardation. They have sociodemographic characteristics that hinder their educational trajectory-such as monetary poverty-but they have a low frequency of problems with the law and social protection measures.
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    Determinant factors of excess of weight in school children: A multilevel studyFactores determinantes del exceso de peso en escolares: Un estudio multinivel
    (2007) Amigo C. H.; Bustos P.; Erazo M.; Cumsille P.; Silva C.; Amigo C. H.
    Background: Rates of obesity reach high levels in Chile, with geographic, social and school variations. Aim: To identify factors at two levels associated with excessive weight in school children: child-family characteristics and school-neighborhood. Material and methods: Using a cross-sectional and multi-step design, seven counties with the highest prevalence of obesity were identified, and schools were randomly chosen from within the 1st, 3rd and 5th quintiles of the school strata (same level of obesity prevalence). Within each school, twelve 2nd grade children were randomly chosen (n =42 schools and 504 students). Nutritional status, food intake, eating habits and physical activity were measured. Socio demographic, economic characteristics and nutritional status of the parents were assessed. Home size and facilities for children physical activities were assessed, as well as school infrastructure and management. Results: Most of the explained variance (97%) in the Body Mass Index (BMI) was due to individual-level factors: sedentary children behaviour (β coefficient 1.6, standard error (SE) 0.052), maternal obesity (β 0.94; SE 0.25), paternal obesity (β 0.83; SE 0.28) and hours watching television (β 0.789, SE 0.297). The same risk factors were predictive of obesity: child sedentary behaviours odds ratio (OR): 3.98, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.44-6.48, maternal obesity (OR: 1.91, CI 1.21-3.02) and being woman (OR 1.75, CI: 1.01-2.76). Conclusions: BMI and obesity are associated with children behaviour or biological and cultural conditions of their families and not with school characteristics.
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    Economic constraints or cultural preferences? The parent justification of child labor in Chile¿Necesidad económica o preferencias culturales? La justificación parental del trabajo infantil en Chile
    (2008) del Río M.; Cumsille P.
    Using data from the First National Survey on Children Labor conducted in 2003, we analyzed parental justification for children labor. We hypothesized that a higher probability of economic justification would be observed in parents of children from vulnerable groups: lower socioeconomic status (SES), children younger than 12 years, and girls. Logistic regression revealed that economic constraints are the most common justification among the more vulnerable groups, but that others reasons, such as cultural preferences and adolescence participation in the decision making process, are increasingly important. Copyright 2008 by Psykhe.
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    Upper secondary students’ situational interest in physics learning in Finland and Chile
    (Routledge, 2021) Lavonen J.; Upadyaya K.; Juuti K.; Inkinen J.; Salmela-Aro K.; Lavonen J.; Avalos B.; Araneda S.; Cumsille P.
    © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.This study examines how classroom activities, student gender and student personal interest in science studies and careers predict situational interest in physics learning. Teaching modules were designed based on the secondary physics curricula in Finland (Helsinki) and Chile (Santiago and Viña del Mar) emphasising students engagement in scientific practices. The study was implemented in four classrooms in both countries. Data on situational interest and ongoing classroom activities were obtained using the experience sampling method, with measurements taken three times during a lesson. The process yielded a total of 1717 measurements in the Finnish schools and 1767 in the Chilean schools. Multilevel regression analyses with mixed effects and random intercept were conducted. Results showed a positive effect of scientific practices that required asking questions, designing scientific inquiry and interpreting data on situational interest. Student collaborative situations were more interesting for Chilean students than for Finnish ones. In terms of gender differences, on average, Finnish male and female students experienced the same level of situational interest, while the situational interest of Chilean female students was higher than the average of male students. Personal interest in science studies and careers was the best predictor of situational interest in both countries.