Browsing by Author "Escobar, Maria Josefina"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Arousal dysregulation and executive dysfunction in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
    (2024) Isaac, Valeria; Lopez, Vladimir; Escobar, Maria Josefina
    Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition, that continues to have an elusive etiological background. A number of extant models and theories have historically intended to explain the many factors contributing to ADHD behaviors. One of the most accepted hypotheses has been the executive dysfunction theory associating reduction in executive control to abnormalities in structure and operational dysfunction of dopaminergic signaling networks. Nevertheless, executive functions are not always impaired in ADHD, and the literature describes other symptoms commonly reported suggesting individuals with ADHD would appear to suffer from a more general deficit. Another existing line of research, that has gained much attention recently, establishes that ADHD would have dysregulated states of brain arousal that would account for its commonly observed cognitive deficits and behavioral symptoms, described as the state regulation theory, which has now included measures of autonomic function. This article describes some important aspects that compose and challenge these two most influential theoretical constructs, executive dysfunction and state-regulation, based on their empirical evidence, implying the need to reevaluate the norms used to classify individuals and establish ADHD diagnosis. Large number of controversial results continue to exist within the study of ADHD biological and/or performance markers, possibly due to such heterogeneity and variability within the same diagnosis. The need to resolve these issues and establish newly revised diagnostic criteria for ADHD is critical, as therapeutic success depends on having accurately identified underlying neurophysiological factors in order to appropriately address them in treatment.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) in Different Hispanic Countries: An Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling Approach
    (2022) Manrique-Millones, Denisse; Vasin, Georgy M.; Dominguez-Lara, Sergio; Millones-Rivalles, Rosa; Ricci, Ricardo T.; Abregu Rey, Milagros; Escobar, Maria Josefina; Oyarce, Daniela; Perez-Diaz, Pablo; Santelices, Maria Pia; Pineda-Marin, Claudia; Tapia, Javier; Artavia, Mariana; Valdes Pacheco, Maday; Miranda, Maria Isabel; Sanchez Rodriguez, Raquel; Morgades-Bamba, Clara Isabel; Pena-Sarrionandia, Ainize; Salinas-Quiroz, Fernando; Silva Cabrera, Paola; Mikolajczak, Moira; Roskam, Isabelle
    Parental burnout is a unique and context-specific syndrome resulting from a chronic imbalance of risks over resources in the parenting domain. The current research aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) across Spanish-speaking countries with two consecutive studies. In Study 1, we analyzed the data through a bifactor model within an Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) on the pooled sample of participants (N = 1,979) obtaining good fit indices. We then attained measurement invariance across both gender and countries in a set of nested models with gradually increasing parameter constraints. Latent means comparisons across countries showed that among the participants' countries, Chile had the highest parental burnout score, likewise, comparisons across gender evidenced that mothers displayed higher scores than fathers, as shown in previous studies. Reliability coefficients were high. In Study 2 (N = 1,171), we tested the relations between parental burnout and three specific consequences, i.e., escape and suicidal ideations, parental neglect, and parental violence toward one's children. The medium to large associations found provided support for the PBA's predictive validity. Overall, we concluded that the Spanish version of the PBA has good psychometric properties. The results support its relevance for the assessment of parental burnout among Spanish-speaking parents, offering new opportunities for cross-cultural research in the parenting domain.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Parental burnout in the context of the socio-health crisis and its relationship with abuse and neglect
    (2024) Piraino, Catalina; Santelices, Maria Pia; Escobar, Maria Josefina; Oyarce, Daniela; van Bakel, Hedwig Johanna Antonia
    Background: The current state of affairs caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown measures adopted in response to it are proving particularly complex for parents who have already experienced difficulties in their parental role, since these conditions are likely to increase the levels of Parental Burnout and the risk of Abuse and Neglect. Objective: We sought to describe and analyze the factors that could moderate the relationship between Parental Burnout and Maltreatment and Neglect during the pandemic period in Chile. To do so, we proposed three moderating variables of the current context: time under lockdown, the level of impact of the lockdown context, and sharing parental tasks with the partner or other adults since the beginning of the pandemic. Participants and setting: 572 parents were studied (447 mothers and 127 fathers). Method: A quantitative, cross-sectional, correlational, and comparative study was carried out. Descriptive and regression analyses were performed with the data obtained. Results: The higher the level of parental burnout, the higher the risk of maltreatment. It was also observed that the longer the time spent under lockdown, the lower the risk of maltreatment. On the other hand, the burden of not sharing household chores significantly increases Parental Burnout in mothers. Conclusion: Both Parental Burnout and Child Abuse and Neglect are likely to occur during this health crisis period. Knowing how Parental Burnout and Maltreatment and Neglect interact will make it easier to identify adaptive strategies in parents and their children and thus provide evidence for the design of interventions and preventive strategies.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Parenting Culture(s): Ideal-Parent Beliefs Across 37 Countries
    (2023) Lin, Gao-Xian; Mikolajczak, Moira; Keller, Heidi; Akgun, Ege; Arikan, Gizem; Aunola, Kaisa; Barham, Elizabeth; Besson, Eliane; Blanchard, M. Annelise; Boujut, Emilie; Brianda, Maria Elena; Brytek-Matera, Anna; Cesar, Filipa; Chen, Bin-Bin; Dorard, Geraldine; dos Santos Elias, Luciana Carla; Dunsmuir, Sandra; Egorova, Natalia; Escobar, Maria Josefina; Favez, Nicolas; Fontaine, Anne Marie; Foran, Heather; Furutani, Kaichiro; Gannage, Myrna; Gaspar, Maria; Godbout, Lucie; Goldenberg, Amit; Gross, James J.; Gurza, Maria Ancuta; Hatta, Ogma; Heeren, Alexandre; Helmy, Mai; Mai-Trang Huynh; Kaneza, Emerence; Kawamoto, Taishi; Kellou, Nassima; Kpassagou, Bassantea Lodegaena; Lazarevic, Ljiljana; Le Vigouroux, Sarah; Lebert-Charron, Astrid; Leme, Vanessa; MacCann, Carolyn; Manrique-Millones, Denisse; Medjahdi, Oussama; Millones Rivalles, Rosa Bertha; Miranda Orrego, Maria Isabel; Miscioscia, Marina; Mousavi, Seyyedeh Fatemeh; Moutassem-Mimouni, Badra; Murphy, Hugh; Ndayizigiye, Alexis; Ngnombouowo, Tenkue Josue; Olderbak, Sally; Ornawka, Sophie; Cadiz, Daniela Oyarce; Perez-Diaz, Pablo A.; Petrides, Konstantinos; Prikhidko, Alena; Salinas-Quiroz, Fernando; Santelices, Maria-Pia; Schrooyen, Charlotte; Silva, Paola; Simonelli, Alessandra; Sorkkila, Matilda; Stanculescu, Elena; Starchenkova, Elena; Szczygiel, Dorota; Tapia, Javier; Tremblay, Melissa; Thi Minh Thuy Tri; Ustundag-Budak, A. Meltem; Valdes Pacheco, Maday; van Bakel, Hedwig; Verhofstadt, Lesley; Wendland, Jaqueline; Yotanyamaneewong, Saengduean; Roskam, Isabelle
    What is it to be "an ideal parent"? Does the answer differ across countries and social classes? To answer these questions in a way that minimizes bias and ethnocentrism, we used open-ended questions to explore ideal-parent beliefs among 8,357 mothers and 3,517 fathers from 37 countries. Leximancer Semantic Network Analysis was utilized to first determine parenting culture zones (i.e., countries with shared ideal-parent beliefs) and then extract the predominant themes and concepts in each culture zone. The results yielded specific types of ideal-parent beliefs in five parenting culture zones: being "responsible and children/family-focused" for Asian parents, being "responsible and proper demeanor-focused" for African parents, and being "loving and responsible" for Hispanic-Italian parents. Although the most important themes and concepts were the same in the final two zones-being "loving and patient," there were subtle differences: English-speaking, European Union, and Russian parents emphasized "being caring," while French-speaking parents valued "listening" or being "present." Ideal-parent beliefs also differed by education levels within culture zones, but no general pattern was discerned across culture zones. These findings suggest that the country in which parents were born cannot fully explain their differences in ideal-parent beliefs and that differences arising from social class or education level cannot be dismissed. Future research should consider how these differences affect the validity of the measurements in question and how they can be incorporated into parenting intervention research within and across cultures.