Browsing by Author "Fernandez-Verdejo, Rodrigo"

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    Esteatohepatitis no-alcohólica: Desarrollo silencioso de una emergencia en salud pública
    (Soc. Chilena Nutrición, Bromatología & Toxicología, 2023) Pettinelli, Paulina; Fernandez-Verdejo, Rodrigo; Aguirre Polanco, Carolina
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    Pathophysiological role of metabolic flexibility on metabolic health
    (2020) Galgani Fuentes, José; Fernandez-Verdejo, Rodrigo
    Glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids among others are oxidized to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP). These fuels are supplied from the environment (through food intake) and internal depots (through lipolysis, glycogenolysis, and proteolysis) at different rates throughout the day. Complex adaptive systems permit to accommodate fuel oxidation according to fuel availability. This capacity of a cell, tissue, or organism to adapt fuel oxidation to fuel availability is defined as metabolic flexibility (MetF). There are conditions, such as insulin resistance, diabetes, and obesity, in which MetF seems to be impaired. The observation that those conditions are accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction has set the basis to propose a link between mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic inflexibility, and metabolic health. We here highlight the evidence about the notion that MetF influences metabolic health.
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    Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its association with lifestyle habits in adults in Chile. A cross-sectional study from the National Health Survey 2016-2017
    (2023) Pettinelli Rocha, Paulina Pilar; Fernández Mincone, Tiziana; Aguirre Polanco, Carolina; Barrera Martínez, Francisco José; Riquelme Pérez, Arnoldo; Fernandez-Verdejo, Rodrigo
    © The Authors 2023.Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents an excessive fat accumulation within the liver, usually associated with excess body weight. A liver biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis, but it is inapplicable in population-based studies. In large populations, non-invasive methods could be used, which may also serve to identify potential protective factors. We aimed to: [a] estimate NAFLD prevalence in the adult population in Chile by using non-invasive methods; and [b] determine the association between the presence of NAFLD and lifestyle habits. The National Health Survey of Chile 2016-2017 was analysed. We included individuals aged 21-75 years, without infectious diseases nor risky alcohol consumption. NAFLD was detected by either Fatty Liver Index (FLI; considers circulating triglycerides, circulating gamma-glutamyl-transferase, body mass index, and waist circumference), Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP; considers sex, circulating triglycerides, and waist circumference), or their combination. Lifestyle habits were determined by questionnaires. We included 2,774 participants, representative of 10,599,094 [9,831,644-11,366,544] adults in Chile. NAFLD prevalence [95%CI] was 39.4% [36.2-42.8] by FLI, 27.2% [24.2-30.4] by LAP, and 23.5% [20.7-26.5] by their combination. The prevalence progressively increased with increasing body mass index. Less smoking, and more moderate-vigorous physical activity and whole-grain consumption were associated with lower odds of having NAFLD, independently of body mass index. At least one out of four adults in Chile is afflicted with NAFLD. Health promotion strategies focused on controlling excess body weight and promoting specific lifestyle habits are urgently required.
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    Time reallocation of physical behaviours induced by endurance exercise in physically active individuals
    (2023) Hayes-Ortiz, Thomas; Suarez-Reyes, Monica; Galgani Fuentes, José Eduardo; Zbinden-Foncea, Hermann; Fernandez-Verdejo, Rodrigo
    Increasing moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) through exercise requires reallocating time from other physical behaviour(s). We aimed to determine the reallocations induced by endurance exercise in physically active individuals. We also searched for behavioural compensatory responses, and explored the effect of exercise on daily energy expenditure. Fourteen participants (8 women; median age 37.8 [IQR 29.9-48.5] yr) exercised on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday mornings (cycling MVPA, 65 min/session; "exercise days"), and avoided exercising on Tuesday and Thursday ("rest days"). Time spent on sleep, sedentary behaviour, light-intensity physical activity, and MVPA was determined each day by accelerometers and logs. An energy expenditure index was computed considering minutes spent on each behaviour and fixed metabolic equivalents. We found that all participants had lower sleep and higher total (including exercise) MVPA on exercise days compared to rest days. Thus, on exercise vs. rest days, sleep was lower (490 [453-553] vs. 553 [497-599] min/day, respectively, P < 0.001), and total MVPA was higher (86 [80-101] vs. 23 [15-45] min/day, respectively; P < 0.001). No differences in other physical behaviours were detected. Notably, exercise not only induced reallocations (i.e. less time in other behaviours) but also behavioural compensatory responses in some participants (e.g. increased sedentary behaviour). This rearrangement of physical behaviours manifested in exercise-induced increases in energy expenditure from 96 to 232 MET x min/day. In conclusion, active individuals reallocated time from sleep to accommodate morning exercise. Yet exercise induced variable rearrangements of behaviours, with some individuals manifesting compensatory responses. Understanding individual rearrangements may help improve exercise interventions.
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    Validity of predictive equations for resting metabolic rate in healthy humans
    (2018) Galgani Fuentes, José; Castro Sepúlveda, Mauricio; Perez-Luco, Cristian; Fernandez-Verdejo, Rodrigo