Browsing by Author "Ferrada, Ximena"

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    EVALUATING ACCESSIBILITY TO UNDERGROUND TRANSPORT SYSTEMS: ANALYSIS OF THE SANTIAGO - CHILE METRO
    (2023) Navas, Liborio; Valderrama-Ulloa, Claudia; Ferrada, Ximena; Contreras, Jorge; Gimenez, Zulay
    Considering that a significant part of the world's population lives with some disability and life expectancy is increasing, accessible transportation would allow people to improve their quality of life and access more socioeconomic opportunities. Based on a mixed descriptive design (qualitative, ethnographic, and quantitative), this article presents a tool for evaluating the level of accessibility to subway trains for people with visual, physical, cognitive, and hearing disabilities. Data from 30 Metro stations in Santiago de Chile were analyzed, studying movements into the station, permanence in the payment area, and movements toward platforms and connecting lines. Among the indicators evaluated, those related to getting to the platform have the lowest levels of accessibility, as they do not meet all the needs of the different types of disabilities analyzed.
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    Sleep duration and fatigue in construction workers: A preliminary study
    (2021) Ferrada, Ximena; Barrios, Silvia; Masalan, Patricia; Campos-Romero, Solange; Carrillo, Juan; Molina, Yerko
    The construction industry is known for its high rate of accidents. Among the different possible causes of this situation, we could find lack of sleep and fatigue. Chronic sleep deprivation is a determining factor in the deterioration of vigilance and alert, and consequently a risk factor for occupational accidents. Fatigue is the answer of our organism to sustained physical and mental stress. Regretfully, those topics have been ovelooked in the construction industry. The objective of this study is to understand better these phenomena, such as sleep duration and fatigue, and whether they are interrelated, and to propose strategies to mitigate them and contribute to the reduction of accidents in construction projects. We worked with 154 male construction workers from one Chilean construction company. To assess sleep quality, we used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). To evaluate fatigue, we used a personal computer version of the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PC-PVT) that measures alertness and vigilance. This 5-minute test was performed on construction workers on-site in the morning. Those people who took part in the test were classified into various groups according to self-reported sleep hours, namely: 7–9 h (26%), 5–7 h (61.7%), and <5 h (12.3%). These results were compared for three variables (Mean Reaction Time (RT), 10% faster, and 10% slower) using an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test. Differences were found for Mean RT and Slowest 10%, the difference being greater in the group that reported sleeping <5 h, but without statistical significance. Studies with a greater number of subjects and measurements are required throughout the working day.
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    Sleep duration and results of the psychomotor vigilance test in construction workers: a preliminary study
    (2020) Ferrada, Ximena; Barrios Araya, Silvia; Masalán Apip, María Patricia; Campos Romero, Solange; Carrillo, Juan; Molina Muñoz, Yerko Pablo
    The construction industry is known by its high rate of accidents. Among the different possible causes of this situation we could find lack of sleep and fatigue. Chronic sleep deprivation is a determining factor in the deterioration of vigilance and alert, and consequently a risk factor for occupational accidents. Fatigue is the answer of our organism to sustained physical and mental effort. Construction workers are prone to fatigue, since their work is characterized by heavy lifting and awkward work postures, so it is relevant to study it more thoroughly, especially regarding its association with sleep efficiency and quality. Regretfully, those topics have been very poorly studied in the construction industry. To understand better these phenomena and to propose strategies to mitigate it and contribute to the reduction of accidents in construction projects, the objective of this study was to understand if there is a relation among sleep duration and fatigue. We worked with 154 male construction workers from one Chilean construction company. To asses sleep quality we used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. One of their questions asked for average sleep hours in the last 4 weeks. To evaluate fatigue, we used a personal computer version of the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PC-PVT) that measure alertness and vigilance. This 5-minute test was performed by construction workers on site in the morning. People was classified into groups according to self-reported sleep hours, namely: 79 hours (26%), 5-7 hours (61.7%) and <5 hours (12.3%). These results were compared for 3 variables (Mean Reaction Time, 10% faster and 10% slower) using an ANOVA test. Differences were found for Mean RT and Slowest10%, the difference being greater in the group that reported sleeping <5 hours, but without statistical significance. Studies with a greater number of subjects and measurements are required throughout the working day.
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    Training workers and reducing the rate of accidents: A proposal inspired by the chronic care model
    (2019) Ferrada, Ximena; Masalan, Patricia; Guarello, Margarita; Nunez, Paulina
    The construction field has an accident rate higher than those of other industries. Due to this fact, a bibliographical study was carried out in order to put forward innovative training methodologies in occupational health and safety as a means of reducing accident rates. A single methodology that ensures successful results over others could not be identified; however different safety training methodologies were identified that have been implemented within the construction industry. Since the issue of accident rates is a chronic problem in construction, the main contribution presented by this research is the application of a chronic care model used in healthcare to the construction industry. In this application, the foreman act as the linchpin in the system; it also considers technical and motivational training for the support team, especially those who work on-site, in order to cement the new lessons and the behavioral change.