Browsing by Author "Fuentes-Lopez, Eduardo"

Now showing 1 - 13 of 13
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    Adaptation and validation of the Spanish version of the Parents' Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children (PEACH) rating scale
    (2020) Bravo-Torres, Sofia; Fuentes-Lopez, Eduardo; Guerrero-Escudero, Bastian; Morales-Campos, Romina
    Objetive: To linguistically adapt and validate the Spanish version of the PEACH rating scale and identify the variables associated. Design: A transversal study of parents/guardians of infants and children with either normal hearing or hearing impairment. Study sample: The protocol included translation into Spanish and adapted linguistically. Regression models were constructed using logistic regression, obtaining the respective areas under the ROC curve. Validity was studied through an exploratory factor analyses and reliability analysis was carried out using Cronbach's Alpha. Results: The PEACH rating scale was carried out on 297 parents. There was a high degree of reliability for both children with hearing impairment (Cronbach's Alpha: 0.93) and for those with normal hearing (Cronbach's Alpha: 0.82). The exploratory factor analysis showed the existence of one factor (unidimensional). In relation to the variables associated with the global scores of the scale, the type of hearing loss and laterality impact on the score. The area under the ROC curve was 0.89, showing elevated sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions: The adapted version can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of amplification for infants and children with hearing impairment in Spanish-speaking children. The PEACH rating scale to Spanish has validity indicators similar to the original.
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    Colorectal adenomas and MAFLD: a cross-sectional study in a Hispanic screening cohort
    (2022) Villalon, Alejandro; Diaz, Luis Antonio; Fuentes-Lopez, Eduardo; Villalon, Javier; Villalon, Fernando; Ayares, Gustavo; Yanez, Barbara; Candia, Roberto; Arab, Juan Pablo; Arrese, Marco
    Aims: Prior evidence demonstrates an association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and colorectal adenomas (CRA) risk. However, information using the new definition of the disease [i.e., metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD)] is scarce. We aimed to assess the relationship between MAFLD and CRA risk. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study including patients from three university centers in Chile who underwent a colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening and abdominal imaging study. We obtained sociodemographic and clinical data, and we performed univariate and multivariable regression analyses. Results: In total, 895 patients were included; 42% were male, the mean age was 59.9 +/- 9.3 years, and 37.8% (338) had CRA. Patients harboring polyps were predominantly males (48.2% vs . 38.2%, P = 0.002), older (61.6 +/- 8.7 years vs . 58.9 +/- 9.5 years, P < 0.001), and exhibited a higher body weight than controls [75 (66-88) kg vs . 72 (63-82.3) kg, P = 0.002]. Fifty-six percent of patients showed hepatic steatosis in imaging studies and 54.4% met MAFLD diagnostic criteria. The adenoma detection rate was higher in the MAFLD group compared to controls (46.4% vs . 27.5%, P < 0.001). In the multivariable analysis, MAFLD was significantly associated with the presence of CRA (odds ratio = 2.32; 95%CI: 1.68-3.19, P < 0.0001). There were no statistically significant differences of histopathological characteristics of the adenomas according to the presence of MAFLD. Conclusion: The present study shows that, in Chilean Hispanic subjects, MAFLD is associated with an increased risk of CRA. This information may be useful to design specific screening colonoscopy recommendations in MAFLD patients.
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    Frailty and reduced gait speed are independently related to mortality of cirrhotic patients in long-term follow-up
    (2021) Soto, Ruben; Antonio Diaz, Luis; Rivas, Violeta; Fuentes-Lopez, Eduardo; Zalaquett, Macarena; Jose Bruera, Maria; Gonzalez, Cecilia; Mezzano, Gabriel; Benitez, Carlos
    Introduction and objectives: Frailty is characterized by a poor restoration of homeostasis after a stressor event. Although it is not usually diagnosed, it has been associated with decreased survival in cirrhotic patients. We aimed to evaluate the impact of frailty and decreased gait speed over survival in cirrhotic patients at long-term follow-up.
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    Identification of the factors associated with the severity of the speech production problems in children with comorbid speech sound disorder and developmental language disorder
    (2020) Torres, Felipe; Fuentes-Lopez, Eduardo; Fuente, Adrian; Sevilla, Fabiana
    It has been suggested that factors such as auditory perception, oral motor skills, phonological awareness, and working memory are all associated with speech production problems in children with speech sound disorder (SSD) and developmental language disorder (DLD). However, it remains unclear whether the severity of the speech production problems in these children can be explained by an interaction among the aforementioned factors. The aim of this study was to determine which of these four factors best explain the severity of the speech production problems in children with SSD and DLD and whether an interaction between factors occurs. Forty-one children with SSD and DLD between 5 and 5;11 years old were selected. The number of phonological process errors was used as a measure of the severity of the speech production problems. The association between the number of phonological process errors and performance in auditory perception, oral motor skills, phonological awareness, and working memory along with the severity of the DLD was explored using univariate and multivariate regression models (with and without an interaction term). The results showed that the number of phonological process errors was largely explained by working memory and phonological awareness. An interaction between these two factors was also found. This means that working memory and phonological awareness interact to have an effect on the number of phonological process errors that is more than the sum of their parts.
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    Inadequate vocal hygiene habits associated with the presence of self-reported voice symptoms in telemarketers
    (2019) Fuentes-Lopez, Eduardo; Fuente, Adrian; Contreras, Karem V.
    Aim: The aim of this study is to determine possible associations between vocal hygiene habits and self-reported vocal symptoms in telemarketers. Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study that included 79 operators from call centres in Chile was carried out. Their vocal hygiene habits and self-reported symptoms were investigated using a validated and reliable questionnaire created for the purposes of this study. Results: Forty-five percent of telemarketers reported having one or more vocal symptoms. Among them, 16.46% reported that their voices tense up when talking and 10.13% needed to clear their throat to make their voices clearer. Five percent mentioned that they always talk without taking a break and 40.51% reported using their voices in noisy environments. The number of working hours per day and inadequate vocal hygiene habits were associated with the presence of self-reported symptoms. Additionally, an interaction between the use of the voice in noisy environments and not taking breaks during the day was observed. Finally, the frequency of inadequate vocal hygiene habits was associated with the number of symptoms reported. Conclusions: Using the voice in noisy environments and talking without taking breaks were both associated with the presence of specific vocal symptoms. This study provides some evidence about the interaction between these two inadequate vocal hygiene habits that potentiates vocal symptoms.
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    Increased Signs of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Dental Students: A Multilevel Approach
    (2022) Fuentes-Lopez, Eduardo; Fuente, Adrian; Bowen, Macarena P.
    Context: Despite the fact that the new generations of rotary tools emit less noise, some recent studies suggest that dental students are still at risk of hearing impairment. Aims: The aim of the study was to determine a possible association between noise exposure from dental equipment and early signs of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) in dental students. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was carried out with dental and non-dental students from two universities in Chile. Methods and Material: A group of 102 dental students routinely exposed to noise emitted from dental equipment was selected as the study group. A group of 251 non-dental students was selected as the control group. Pure-tone audiometry was carried out on all participants ensuring that they were not exposed to noise for at least 24 hours prior to testing. The presence of a notch was determined for each participant. Statistical analysis used: Simultaneous-quantile regressions were used to compare percentiles of the hearing threshold between both groups. Then, the notch prevalence ratio adjusted by gender and age was estimated for each group of participants. Finally, the prevalence of an audiometric notch was compared between both groups using logistic regression models and generalized linear methods. Both fixed effect and multilevel hierarchy models were constructed. Results: Significant differences between groups for the 75th percentile of hearing threshold distributions at 4 and 6 kHz in the left ear and at 6 kHz in the right ear were found. In addition, study group participants exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of a notch at 4 kHz in the left ear than control group participants. Conclusions: Exposure to noise derived from learning activities as a dental student is associated with early signs of NIHL. Such signs include poorer hearing thresholds than those of non-dental students at 4 and 6 kHz as well as the presence of a notch at high frequencies.
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    Interaction effect of self-efficacy and joint problems on hearing aid abandonment among older adults
    (2024) Fuentes-Lopez, Eduardo; Luna-Monsalve, Manuel; Silva-Letelier, Catherine; Marcotti, Anthony
    ObjectiveWe assessed the interaction between self-efficacy and joint problems and self-efficacy and visual problems on the risk of hearing aid abandonment in older adults. DesignA retrospective cohort study comprising older adults who received hearing aids in Chile was conducted. Hearing aid self-efficacy was measured using the S-MARS-HA questionnaire, while joint and visual problems were assessed through self-reported questions. Survival regression models were conducted to investigate the interaction between self-efficacy and joint problems, as well as self-efficacy and visual problems. Study sampleThe study included 355 older adults who received hearing aids through the Chilean public health sector. ResultsA significant interaction effect indicated that the relationship between self-efficacy and the risk abandonment was influenced by joint problems (p < 0.05). In the subpopulation with joint problems, self-efficacy was associated with a reduced risk of hearing aid abandonment (HR = 0.81), whereas in the subpopulation without joint problems, the protective effect was more pronounced (HR = 0.52). The interaction between self-efficacy and visual problems was not significant. ConclusionsThe interaction between self-efficacy and joint problems was associated with the risk of abandonment. Addressing limitations associated with joint problems and individuals' confidence in using their hearing aids could reduce the abandonment.
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    Perceptions of interprofessional education in first-year Health Sciences students and teachers through Service-Learning in the context of COVID-19: a mixed analysis
    (2024) Lucero-Gonzalez, Nayadet; Avello-Saez, Daniela; Fuentes-Lopez, Eduardo; Calvo-Sanchez, Fernanda; Espinosa-Repenning, Alejandra; Jeldes-Diaz, Paz; Fuentes-Cimma, Javiera; Villagran, Ignacio; Riquelme-Perez, Arnoldo
    Introduction: Interprofessional education (IPE) is crucial for the training of future health professionals, promoting collaboration and teamwork between disciplines. This study analyzes the perceptions about IPE of students and teachers in first year health sciences courses, using a Service Learning (S-L) methodology, which was conducted online during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: A sequential mixed-method approach was implemented involving 88 students and 12 faculty members from Occupational Therapy, Physiotherapy, Nutrition and Dietetics, and Speech Therapy. Results: The findings revealed significant differences in the disposition towards interprofessional learning and interprofessional education after the intervention, especially in Nutrition and Dietetics students. Furthermore, the qualitative analysis highlighted the favorable perception of students and teachers towards IPE in virtual mode. Key skills such as interaction, communication, commitment, respect, and empathy were highlighted. The triangulation of qualitative and quantitative data showed convergence in "teamwork" and "patient-centeredness". Conclusion: This study supports the importance of IPE in the undergraduate training of health professionals, even in virtual environments like the present. Students demonstrated an excellent disposition and patient-centered approach. These findings underscore the need to continue developing undergraduate IPE programs, equipping students with skills and competencies for their future professional careers.
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    Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Antimicrobial Resistance Among Chilean Patients
    (2021) Gonzalez-Hormazabal, Patricio; Arenas, Alex; Serrano, Carolina; Pizarro, Margarita; Fuentes-Lopez, Eduardo; Arnold, Jorge; Berger, Zoltan; Musleh, Maher; Valladares, Hector; Lanzarini, Enrique; Jara, Lilian; Castro, V. Gonzalo; Camargo, M. Constanza; Riquelme, Arnoldo
    Background. Treatments for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication include the use of antibiotics and a proton-pump inhibitor. Antibiotic resistance is a major concern for two drugs: levofloxacin and clarithromycin. The aim was to determine the prevalence of levofloxacin resistance (LevoR) and clarithromycin resistance (ClaR) in an urban population in Santiago, Chile.
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    Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in Chilean adults. A sub-study of the national health survey, 2016/17
    (2020) Saldias Penafiel, Fernando; Brockmann Veloso, Pablo; Santin Martinez, Julia; Fuentes-Lopez, Eduardo; Leiva Rodriguez, Isabel; Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo
    Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) affects approximately 10%-20% of adults and is associated with obesity, hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Aim: To assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with OSAS in Chilean adults. Material and Methods: A standardized sleep questionnaire and respiratory polygraphy at home were conducted on adults aged 18 years or more, residing in the Metropolitan Region and enrolled in the 2016/17 National Health Survey. Results: Two-hundred and five people between 18 and 84 years old (46% men, mean age 50 years) underwent overnight respiratory polygraphy at home. The estimated obstructive sleep apnea prevalence was 49% (62% men, 31% women) considering an apnea-hypopnea index >= 5 respiratory events/hour, and 16% (21% men, 13% women) considering an apnea-hypopnea index >= 15 respiratory events/hour. The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea continuously increased along with age for men and women, with a later onset for women. Age, gender, body mass index, cervical and waist circumference, snoring, reporting of apnea by proxies, self-reported cardiovascular and metabolic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia, were significantly associated with OSAS. No association was found with insomnia and daytime sleepiness. Conclusions: The prevalence and risk factors associated to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome were high among these adults.
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    Prospective follow-up of chronic atrophic gastritis in a high-risk population for gastric cancer in latin america
    (2022) Latorre, Gonzalo; Silva, Felipe; Montero, Isabella; Bustamante, Miguel; Dukes, Eitan; Gandara, Vicente; Robles, Camila; Uribe, Javier; Corsi, Oscar; Crispi, Francisca; Espinoza Sepúlveda, Manuel Antonio; Cuadrado, Cristobal; Fuentes-Lopez, Eduardo; Shah, Shailja; Camargo, M. Constanza; Torres, Javiera; Roa, Juan Carlos; Corvalan, Alejandro H.; Candia, Roberto; Aguero, Carlos; Gonzalez, Robinson G.; Vargas Domínguez, José Ignacio; Espino, Alberto; Riquelme, Arnoldo
    Background. Gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) is preceded by premalignant conditions such as chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) with or without gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM). Endoscopic follow-up of these conditions has been proposed as a strategy for the detection of early-stage GA. Aim. To describe the risk of progression to gastric dysplasia (GD) and early-stage GA of patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with gastric biopsies obtained following the updated Sydney System biopsy protocol (USSBP). Methods. We conducted a real-world, multicenter, prospective cohort study. Patients undergoing EGD surveillance with USSBP were enrolled between 2015 and 2021 from three endoscopy units at Santiago, Chile. Patients with prior history of GA or gastric resection were excluded. Follow-up surveillance schedule was determined by gastroenterologist in accordance with the Chilean Digestive Endoscopy Association Guidelines. CAG was confirmed by two expert GI pathologists and categorized by the Operative Link on Gastritis Assessment as stage 0 (normal) through stage IV (advanced stage). The primary endpoint was a composite of GD (low-grade, LGD or high-grade, HGD) or GA, while secondary endpoints were progression in OLGA and separate outcomes of LGD, HGD or GA. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the association between CAG +/- GIM and the outcomes, adjusted for age, sex and Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection. Results. 600 patients were included in the cohort (64% female; mean age 58 years). At baseline 32.3% (n=194) had active Hp infection. OLGA stage was: 31% (n=184) OLGA 0, 48% (n=291) OLGA I-II and 21% (125) OLGA III-IV. GIM was identified in 52% (n=312) and autoimmune gastritis in 6.2% (n=37). Median follow-up was 28 months (IQR 17-42). During follow-up, 6 early-stage GA, 3 HGD and 6 LGD were observed. No advanced-stage GA was diagnosed. Only 19% (n=35) of baseline OLGA 0 patients progressed to OLGA I-IV, with <2% progressing to OLGA III/IV (Figure 1). Persistence of Hp infection (aOR 2.1; 95%CI 1.1-4.0) was independently associated with increase of at least 1 point in the OLGA scale during follow-up. GA/GD free survival at 3- years for OLGA 0, I-II and III-IV was 99.4%, 97.1% and 91.7%, respectively (p=0.0015) (Figure 2). Based on multivariable Cox regression, OLGA III-IV (vs. OLGA 0) was associated with a 12.1-fold (95%CI 1.5-97.4) higher risk of GA, while GIM was associated with a 13.0-fold (95%CI 1.7-101.2) higher risk, although the CI was wide; this was particularly between 2 and 3 years of follow-up. Discussion: These findings, including the observation that all GAs were early-stage, support endoscopic/histologic surveillance for patients with advanced OLGA stages or GIM, which is a common finding in patients with advanced CAG. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal time interval for surveillance.
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    Quadruple therapies show a higher eradication rate compared to standard triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection within the LEGACy consortium. A multicenter observational study in European and Latin American countries
    (2024) Medel-Jara, Patricio; Reyes Placencia, Diego; Fuentes-Lopez, Eduardo; Corsi, Oscar; Latorre, Gonzalo; Anton, Rosario; Jimenez, Elena; Miralles-Marco, Ana; Caballero, Carmelo; Boggino, Hugo; Cantero, Daniel; Barros, Rita; Santos-Antunes, Joao; Diez, Marc; Quinones, Luis A.; Riquelme, Erick; Rollan, Antonio; Cerpa, Leslie C.; Valdes, Ivania; Nyssen, Olga P.; Moreira, Leticia; Gisbert, Javier P.; Camargo, M. Constanza; Ortiz-Olvera, Nayeli; Leon-Takahashi, Alberto M.; Ruiz-Garcia, Erika; Fernandez-Figueroa, Edith A.; Garrido, Marcelo; Owen, Gareth I.; Cervantes, Andres; Fleitas, Tania; Riquelme, Arnoldo
    Introduction: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. Helicobacter pylori is the primary cause of GC; therefore, its eradication reduces the risk of developing this neoplasia. There is extensive evidence regarding quadruple therapy with relevance to the European population. However, in Latin America, data are scarce. Furthermore, there is limited information about the eradication rates achieved by antibiotic schemes in European and Latin American populations. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of standard triple therapy (STT), quadruple concomitant therapy (QCT), and bismuth quadruple therapy (QBT) in six centers in Europe and Latin America. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out based on the LEGACy registry from 2017 to 2022. Data from adult patients recruited in Portugal, Spain, Chile, Mexico, and Paraguay with confirmed H. pylori infection who received eradication therapy and confirmatory tests at least 1 month apart were included. Treatment success by each scheme was compared using a mixed multilevel Poisson regression, adjusting for patient sex and age, together with country-specific variables, including prevalence of H. pylori antibiotic resistance (clarithromycin, metronidazole, and amoxicillin), and CYP2C19 polymorphisms. Results: 772 patients were incorporated (64.64% females; mean age of 52.93 years). The total H. pylori eradication rates were 75.20% (255/339) with STT, 88.70% (159/178) with QCT, and 91.30% (191/209) with QBT. Both quadruple therapies (QCT-QBT) showed significantly higher eradication rates compared with STT, with an adjusted incidence risk ratio (IRR) of 1.25 (p: <0.05); and 1.24 (p: <0.05), respectively. The antibiotic-resistance prevalence by country, but not the prevalence of CYP2C19 polymorphism, showed a statistically significant impact on eradication success. Conclusions: Both QCT and QBT are superior to STT for H. pylori eradication when adjusted for country-specific antibiotic resistance and CYP2C19 polymorphism in a sample of individuals residing in five countries within two continents.