Browsing by Author "Gelcich, Stefan"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 170
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    A comparison of mixed logit and latent class models to estimate market segments for seafood faced with ocean acidification
    (2023) Campos-Requena, Nelyda; Vasquez-Lavin, Felipe; Fernandez, Francisco; Barrientos, Manuel; Gelcich, Stefan; Ponce Oliva, Roberto D.
    This study uses a choice experiment to characterize market segments (consumer preferences heterogeneity) based on three attributes of seafood (mussels) that are affected by ocean acidification: shell appearance, meat color, and nutritional composition. Using a sample of 1,257 individuals from two main cities in Chile, we estimate both the Mixed Logit model and the Latent Class model. We use the individual-specific posterior (ISP) parameters' distribution to categorize consumers' heterogeneity based on the signs and intensity (i.e., like or dislike dimension) of these ISPs. We compare the pattern of preferences and whether people are classified within the same preference pattern in both models. In general, we observed that the models identify a different number of segments with various patterns of preferences. Moreover, the models classify the same people into different groups. Since the segmentation is sensitive to the chosen model, we discuss strengths, inconsistencies, biases, and best practices regarding methodological approaches to establishing market segments in choice experiments and future ocean acidification conditions.
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    A dynamic simulation model to support reduction in illegal trade within legal wildlife markets
    (2022) Oyanedel, Rodrigo; Gelcich, Stefan; Mathieu, Emile; Milner-Gulland, E. J.
    Sustainable wildlife trade is critical for biodiversity conservation, livelihoods, and food security. Regulatory frameworks are needed to secure these diverse benefits of sustainable wildlife trade. However, regulations limiting trade can backfire, sparking illegal trade if demand is not met by legal trade alone. Assessing how regulations affect wildlife market participants' incentives is key to controlling illegal trade. Although much research has assessed how incentives at both the harvester and consumer ends of markets are affected by regulations, little has been done to understand the incentives of traders (i.e., intermediaries). We built a dynamic simulation model to support reduction in illegal wildlife trade within legal markets by focusing on incentives traders face to trade legal or illegal products. We used an Approximate Bayesian Computation approach to infer illegal trading dynamics and parameters that might be unknown (e.g., price of illegal products). We showcased the utility of the approach with a small-scale fishery case study in Chile, where we disentangled within-year dynamics of legal and illegal trading and found that the majority (similar to 77%) of traded fish is illegal. We utilized the model to assess the effect of policy interventions to improve the fishery's sustainability and explore the trade-offs between ecological, economic, and social goals. Scenario simulations showed that even significant increases (over 200%) in parameters proxying for policy interventions enabled only moderate improvements in ecological and social sustainability of the fishery at substantial economic cost. These results expose how unbalanced trader incentives are toward trading illegal over legal products in this fishery. Our model provides a novel tool for promoting sustainable wildlife trade in data-limited settings, which explicitly considers traders as critical players in wildlife markets. Sustainable wildlife trade requires incentivizing legal over illegal wildlife trade and consideration of the social, ecological, and economic impacts of interventions.
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    A framework for assessing and intervening in markets driving unsustainable wildlife use
    (2021) Oyanedel, Rodrigo; Gelcich, Stefan; Milner-Gulland, E. J.
    Understanding how markets drive unsustainable wildlife use is key for biodiversity conservation. Yet most approaches to date look at isolated components of wildlife markets, hindering our ability to intervene effectively to improve sustainability. To better assess and intervene in wildlife markets, we propose a framework that integrates three analytical levels. The first level, "actor", assesses the underlying motivations and mechanisms that allow or constrain how actors benefit from wildlife markets. The second level, "inter-actor", assesses the config-uration of wildlife product supply-chains and the type of competition between actors participating in wildlife markets. The third level, "market", evaluates supply-demand dynamics, quantity and price determinants, and the presence and effect of illegal products flowing into markets. We showcase the utility of the framework in a data-limited small-scale fishery case study (common hake, Merluccius gayi gayi in Chile); our mixed-method analysis provided relevant, tailored management recommendations for improving sustainability. Tackling markets driving unsustainable wildlife use needs integrated approaches that bring together the diversity of factors affecting wildlife market dynamics. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    A practical approach for putting people in ecosystem-based ocean planning
    (2014) Kittinger, J. N.; Gelcich, Stefan
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    A survey-based approach to constructing an abundance index of the pink cusk-eel (Genypterus blacodes) in the fjords of Chilean Patagonia
    (2020) Wiff, Rodrigo; Flores, A.; Queirolo, D.; Ahumada, M.; Apablaza, P.; Gacitúa, S.; Montero Styles, José Tomás; Gelcich, Stefan; Cañete, F. T.; Lima Arce, Mauricio
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    A synthesis of (non-)compliance theories with applications to small-scale fisheries research and practice
    (2020) Oyanedel, Rodrigo; Gelcich, Stefan; Milner Gulland, E. J.
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    A transition to sustainable ocean governance
    (2020) Rudolph, Tanya Brodie; Ruckelshaus, Mary; Swilling, Mark; Allison, Edward H.; Osterblom, Henrik; Gelcich, Stefan; Mbatha, Philile
    Human wellbeing relies on the Biosphere, including natural resources provided by ocean ecosystems. As multiple demands and stressors threaten the ocean, transformative change in ocean governance is required to maintain the contributions of the ocean to people. Here we illustrate how transition theory can be applied to ocean governance. We demonstrate how current economic and social systems can adapt to existing pressures and shift towards ocean stewardship through incorporation of niche innovations within and across economic sectors and stakeholder communities. These novel approaches support an emergent but purposeful transition and suggest a clear path to a thriving and vibrant relationship between humans and the ocean. Oceans provide important natural resources, but the management and governance of the ocean is complex and the ecosystem is suffering as a result. The authors discuss current barriers to sustainable ocean governance and suggest pathways forward.
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    Accounting for Uncertainty in Value Judgements when Applying Multi-Attribute Value Theory
    (2018) Estevez Weinstein, Rodrigo Antonio; Alamos, Felipe H.; Walshe, Terry; Gelcich, Stefan
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    Achieving biodiversity benefits with offsets: Research gaps, challenges, and needs
    (2017) Gelcich, Stefan; Vargas, Camila; Carreras, Maria José; Castilla, Juan Carlos; Donlan, Josh
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    Add-on conservation benefits of marine territorial user rights fishery policies in Central Chile
    (2008) Gelcich, Stefan; Godoy Salinas, Natalio; Prado Dagnino, Luis Patricio; Castilla, Juan Carlos
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    Adoption and impacts of fishing gear innovations: Insights from a small-scale fishery in Chile
    (2022) Canete, Felipe Torres; Oyanedel, Rodrigo; Gelcich, Stefan
    Small-scale fisheries contribute to food security and employ millions around the world. Overexploitation, however, threatens the suite of benefits that they can provide. Adopting innovations in gear technology can help to solve problems in fisheries (e.g. by-catch) but can also fuel overexploitation, with detrimental social, ecological, and economic impacts. Early assessments of the impacts of fishing gear innovations are crucial to preventing these innovations' adverse consequences. Using diverse methodologies, we assessed the impacts of a trammel net innovation in the cusk-eel small-scale fishery in central Chile. We show that the trammel net's adoption followed the path predicted by the diffusion of innovations theory and led to significant increases in landings. We also show, using a data-poor stock assessment methodology, that the red cusk-eel stock is over-exploited. Next, we identified fishers-perception of the ecological and economic impacts of the trammel net innovation. Finally, we used bidding games to assess fishers willingness to accept potential management measures to reduce the gear innovation impacts. Together, our results provide a comprehensive assessment of the trammel net innovation's diverse impacts in the cusk-eel small-scale fishery in central Chile and help identify potential ways forward. Timely and holistic assessments of the impacts of fishing gear innovations are essential to sustain fish stocks, promote responsible fishing and support the livelihoods of those who depend on fisheries worldwide.
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    Advances and challenges in marine conservation in Chile: A regional and global comparison
    (2021) Fernández, Miriam; Rodríguez Ruiz, Montserrat C.; Gelcich, Stefan; Luciano Hiriart-Bertrand; Castilla, Juan Carlos
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    Alternative strategies for scaling up marine coastal biodiversity conservation in Chile
    (2015) Gelcich, Stefan; Peralta, L.; Donlan, C.; Godoy Salinas, Natalio; Ortiz, V.; Tapia Lewin, S.; Vargas, C.; Kein, A.; Castilla, Juan Carlos; Fernández, Miriam; Godoy, F.
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    An experimental look at trust, bargaining, and public goods in fishing communities
    (2021) Rojas, Cristian A.; Cinner, Joshua; Lau, Jacqueline; Ruano-Chamorro, Cristina; Contreras-Drey, Francisco J.; Gelcich, Stefan
    Pro-social behavior is crucial to the sustainable governance of common-pool resources such as fisheries. Here, we investigate how key socioeconomic characteristics influence fishers' pro-social and bargaining behavior in three types of experimental economic games (public goods, trust, and trade) conducted in fishing associations in Chile. Our games revealed high levels of cooperation in the public goods game, a high degree of trust, and that sellers rather than buyers had more bargaining power, yet these results were strongly influenced by participants' socioeconomic characteristics. Specifically, gender, having a secondary income source, age, and being the main income provider for the household all had a relationship to multiple game outcomes. Our results highlight that engagement in pro-social behaviors such as trust and cooperation can be influenced by people's socioeconomic context.
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    Analysis of Climate-Related Risks for Chile's Coastal Settlements in the ARClim Web Platform
    (2022) Winckler, Patricio; Contreras-Lopez, Manuel; Garreaud, Rene; Meza, Francisco; Larraguibel, Cristian; Esparza, Cesar; Gelcich, Stefan; Falvey, Mark; Mora, Javiera
    The web-based tool ARClim provides an atlas of climate change-related risk assessments spanning over 50 environmental and productive sectors in Chile. This paper illustrates the implementation of ARClim on two coastal sectors, operational downtime in fishing coves and flooding in coastal settlements, aiming to provide a tool to visualize comparative estimates of risk, which may enable decision makers and stakeholders to prioritize adaptation measures. The risk is calculated as a function of the hazard, exposure, and sensitivity. Exposure and sensitivity are characterized using present day information. To assess the hazard, wave climate for a historical period (1985-2004) and a projection (2026-2045) were modeled with six general circulation models (GCMs) for an RCP8.5 scenario. Similarly, sea-level rise was computed from 21 GCMs. Results show that the flooding hazard is mostly dependent on sea-level rise, with waves playing a minor role. However, the flooding risk is highly variable along the coast, due to differences in the exposure, which strongly depends on the population of each settlement. The analysis of increased operational downtime in fishing coves also shows risk, which is dependent of the size of each site. Lastly, limitations of the analysis and opportunities for improvement are discussed.
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    Applying an ecosystem service approach to unravel links between ecosystems and society in the coast of central Chile
    (2015) De Juan, Silvia; Gelcich, Stefan; Ospina Álvarez, Andrés; Pérez Matus, Alejandro A.; Fernández, Miriam
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    Aquaculture governance: five engagement arenas for sustainability transformation
    (2023) Partelow, Stefan; Asif, Furqan; Bene, Christophe; Bush, Simon; Manlosa, Aisa O.; Nagel, Ben; Schlueter, Achim; Chadag, Vishnumurthy M.; Choudhury, Afrina; Cole, Steven M.; Cottrell, Richard S.; Gelcich, Stefan; Gentry, Rebecca; Gephart, Jessica A.; Glaser, Marion; Johnson, Teresa R.; Jonell, Malin; Krause, Geshe; Kunzmann, Andreas; Kuehnhold, Holger; Little, Dave C.; Marschke, Melissa J.; Mizuta, Darien D.; Paramita, Adiska O.; Pin, Nie; Salayo, Nerissa D.; Stentiford, Grant D.; Stoll, Joshua; Troell, Max; Turchini, Giovanni M.
    A greater focus on governance is needed to facilitate effective and substantive progress toward sustainability transformations in the aquaculture sector. Concerted governance efforts can help move the sector beyond fragmented technical questions associated with intensification and expansion, social and environmental impacts, and toward system-based approaches that address interconnected sustainability issues. Through a review and expert-elicitation process, we identify five engagement arenas to advance a governance agenda for aquaculture sustainability transformation: (1) setting sustainability transformation goals, (2) cross-sectoral linkages, (3) land-water-sea connectivity, (4) knowledge and innovation, and (5) value chains. We then outline the roles different actors and modes of governance can play in fostering sustainability transformations, and discuss action items for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to operationalize activities within their engagement arenas.