Browsing by Author "Giacoman Hernández, Claudia"

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    A longitudinal study monitoring the quality of life in a national cohort of older adults in Chile before and during the COVID-19 outbreak
    (2021) Herrera Ponce, María Soledad; Elgueta, Raúl; Fernández Lorca, María Beatriz; Giacoman Hernández, Claudia; Leal Valenzuela, Daniella; Marshall, Pío; Rubio Acuña, Miriam; Bustamante Palma, Felipe Andrés
    Background:Confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic has placed great stress on older adults, which may be affecting their quality of life. Thus, this study aims to describe the changes in mental and physical health, isolation and loneliness, residence and socioeconomic resources in a national cohort of Chilean older adults before and during the COVID-19 outbreak. It also analyzes the changes in depressive symptoms by changes in the other quality of life indicators before and during the COVID-19 outbreak. Possible methodological biases of telephone surveys in older adults living in non-developed countries are also discussed. Methods: Between June and September 2020, a random subsample of 720 people who had participated in the face-to-face V National Survey on Quality of Life in Older Adults in Chile conducted at the end of 2019 was followed up by telephone. Descriptive bivariate analyses were performed using t-test and non-parametric tests for independent variables, comparing the baseline sample with the current 2020 follow-up sample during the peak of the pandemic outbreak in Latin America. Furthermore, descriptive bivariate analysis through t-test and non-parametric test for paired samples compared the follow-up subsample at baseline with the not-included sample, examining possible biases of the telephone interview compared with the face-to-face interview. Results: In the panel, there was no variation in self-rated health. The health symptoms that worsened were memory, stomach, and mood problems. Depressive symptoms and anxiety increased; similarly, smartphone users, social contacts, intergenerational co-residence and resilience increased. The telephone follow-up sample had a higher educational level and greater smartphone use than those not included in the subsample. Conclusions: Although some physical and mental health indicators have worsened during the pandemic, older adults mobilized resources that could allow them to maintain their quality of life, such as improved resilience. Thus, these findings can guide future research and the development of efficient strategies to improve these resources among older adults to ensure wellbeing.
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    Almorzando en un banco en Santiago de Chile: análisis de la organización y regulación social de la comensalidad institucional
    (2018) Concha González, Benjamín; Alfaro Figueroa, Juan; Giacoman Hernández, Claudia
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    La comida en familia : la idealización de un evento social
    (2018) Riquelme, Olivia; Giacoman Hernández, Claudia
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    Daily rhythms of eating in Santiago, Chile
    (2017) Giacoman Hernández, Claudia; Leal Valenzuela, Daniella; Rivera, Valentina
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    Determinants of childhood obesity : what can we learn from built environment studies?
    (2014) Casey, Román; Oppert, Jean Michel; Weber, Christiane; Charreire, Helene; Salze, Paul; Badariotti, Dominique; Banos, Arnaud; Fischler, Claude; Giacoman Hernández, Claudia; Chaix, Basile; Simon, Chantal
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    Duración y estructura de los eventos alimentarios: un análisis en Santiago de Chile
    (2019) Giacoman Hernández, Claudia; Ayala Arancibia, Pamela
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    Elementos teóricos y conceptuales en torno a la estigmatización social de las corporalidades gordas : un análisis desde las dimensiones de la salud y la apariencia
    (2019) Olea Herrera, Bastián; Giacoman Hernández, Claudia; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de Sociología
    La presente investigación se propone comprender teóricamente los procesos que producen al fenómeno de la estigmatización social de las corporalidades gordas, a través de un análisis de literatura focalizado en dos dimensiones que atraviesan esta problemática: la salud y la apariencia. La dimensión de la apariencia dice relación con las evaluaciones y juicios efectuados sobre las cualidades físicas de los cuerpos, basados en la existencia de ideales socioculturales acerca de lo que constituye lo bello y lo socialmente valorado. Se detallan los procesos en que los sujetos internalizan patrones de administración y evaluación del cuerpo, basados en normas y prescripciones de apariencia, lo cual compele a los individuos a interpretar, controlar, y disciplinar sus corporalidades y las de los demás a partir de creencias sobre cómo se logran y qué significan las apariencias corporales. La dimensión de la salud se relaciona directamente con la institución de la medicina moderna, mediante la cual las desviaciones bio-psicosociales propias de la diversidad humana resultan patologizadas, prescribiendo no sólo las prácticas necesarias de ejercer sobre los cuerpos en pos de su normalización y optimización, sino también desplegando preocupaciones acerca de las prácticas y apariencias corporales apropiadas. Ellas derivan en imperativos sociales de deseo y comportamiento que son reproducidos disciplinarmente y que coinciden con el discurso neoliberal, a partir de los cuales interpretamos a los demás bajo criterios de normalidad y anormalidad científicamente autorizados. Desde estas dos dimensiones, la gordura de los cuerpos es construida discursivamente como un estigma que marca en los sujetos la expresión de falencias morales e incapacidades individuales que se oponen a las normas de comportamiento y deseabilidad social modernas. Ello legitima formas de discriminación, prejuicio y opresión contra las personas gordas, que se configuran como actos de exclusión que estructuran una matriz de privilegios basados en la abyección de lo gordo.
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    Estratificación social de la práctica deportiva en Chile
    (2018) Reyes Lermanda, Javier; Giacoman Hernández, Claudia; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de Sociología
    Utilizando el marco teórico de consumo cultural de Chan & Goldthorpe (2005, 2006, 2007), este estudio analiza la estratificación social de la práctica deportiva en Chile. A partir de los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Hábitos de Actividad Física y Deportes en la Población de 18 años y más 2015 (n=5511) se lleva a cabo un plan de análisis de tres etapas. Primero, se estiman modelos de regresión logística para predecir la práctica deportiva en función de distintas variables de estratificación social. Segundo, se conduce un análisis de clases latentes para identificar y caracterizar distintos tipos de práctica deportiva en la población chilena. Tercero, se estiman modelos logísticos y un modelo de regresión multinomial para analizar la conexión entre las clases latentes identificadas y las variables de estratificación social. Los resultados para el caso chileno son concordantes con la literatura, aunque se encuentran patrones de estratificación más fuertes que en el contexto internacional. En particular, los individuos mas educados y de clases sociales más favorecidas, tienen mayores chances de participación deportiva. Asimismo, se encuentra evidencia en favor de una marcada brecha de genero y etaria, dominada por los hombres y los grupos jóvenes. En lo que respecta a las teorías de consumo cultural, se encuentra evidencia en favor tanto de la teoría de la homología (Bourdieu, 1978) como de las teorías de omnívoro-unívoro. Sin embargo, en la misma dirección que los estudios previos, se muestra cómo estas teorías son re-configuradas en el campo de la sociología del deporte, dando paso a nuevas formas de omnivorísmo. Estos hallazgos muestran la relevancia del estudio social del deporte en el contexto chileno y latinoamericano.
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    Facilitators and obstacles for the evening family commensality
    (2020) Giacoman Hernández, Claudia; Río Expósito, Francisco del; Poggione, D.
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    La ruta hacia el veganismo: una aproximación desde los afectos a través de relatos de vida
    (UNIV AUTONOMA BAJA CALIFORNIA, INST INVESTIGACIONES CULTURALES-MUSEO, 2023) Aguilera Bornand, Isabel M.; Alfaro Figueroa, Juan; Giacoman Hernández, Claudia
    This paper examines the beginning of vegan life trajectories using Ahmed's perspective on emotions. We aim to understand how emotions work in the path to veganism. We analyzed biographic interviews, specifically stories about catalytic experiences and moments of contact with animals during childhood. In both kinds of experiences, feelings of fear, disgust and love are intertwined and are driving force behind distancing, drawing closer, identification and alterization processes that shapes the lives and social relations of the participants. We claim that catalytic experiences are entanglements of emotion, cognition and sensation where self awareness and a quest for congruence occur. We also claim that the path to veganism is made of contacts and impressions that leave traces on the bodies and resonate in the trajectories.
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    Meal synchronization and commensality in Santiago and Paris
    (2021) Giacoman Hernández, Claudia; Lhuissier, A.; Ferrant, C.; Bórquez Infante, Ignacio; Devilat Marzouka, Denisse
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    Meal times and synchronization: A cross-metropolitan comparison between Santiago (Chile) and Paris (France)
    (2020) Lhuissier, Anne; Giacoman Hernández, Claudia; Ferrant, Coline; Devilat Marzouka, Denisse; Leal Valenzuela, Daniella; Ayala Arancibia, Pamela; Torres Pabón, Giselle; Chauvin, Pierre
    This paper investigates the temporal dimension of meals. Specifically, it compares meal schedules and their social determinants in two metropolises, Santiago (Chile) and Paris (France). Our empirical material is drawn from two comparable data sources: Encuesta de Comensalidad en Adultos de la Región Metropolitana (Santiago, Chile) and Santé, Inégalités et Ruptures Sociales (Paris, France). Our research highlights cross-metropolitan similarities and disparities between Santiago and Paris regarding meal times and synchronization. Both metropolises share a similar and marked three-meal pattern. Three major peaks distributed throughout the day correspond to breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Both in Santiago and Paris, lunch is more synchronized than dinner, for reasons pertaining to professional and school rhythms. Dinner, however, demonstrates an important coordination effort towards the synchronization of social time within the family. However, this comparison also highlights important disparities between the two metropolises regarding meal schedules, the amplitude of synchronization, and sociodemographic patterns that express a different relationship to food and eating norms: negotiated in Santiago and rigid in Paris. These differences not only refer to nutritional requirements (content, frequency, pace of the meals, place and commensality) but also to familial and educational purposes. They express cultural norms regarding food and eating according to economic organizations and level of development.
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    Memes and Veganism: Representations of Vegan Identity and Its Alterity
    (2023) Joustra Bartholomaus, Camila Antonia; Alfaro, Juan; Giacoman Hernández, Claudia
    This research aims to identify the underlying discourses in the representation of vegan identity and its alterity in memes. We made a structural analysis of 276 memes published in two Chilean vegan accounts on Instagram. The results reveal that the discursive structures of the memes studied consist of two evaluation axis (one practical and one ethical-political) that generate a typology of representations about vegan identity (authentic vegan) and its alterity (impostor nonvegan, authentic nonvegan, impostor vegan). We also found two interactions that deepen the definition of the authentic vegan identity. In these interactions, conflict and ridicule toward the nonvegan prevail. We conclude that online contexts and the use of memes as the analysis unit allow an emerging conflictive side of veganism that had been hidden in previous works. This article invites others to delve into the study of vegan identities and existing negotiation strategies in both online and offline spaces.
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    Prácticas digitales de aprendizaje formal y no formal en estudiantes de educación superior del Gran Santiago
    (2018) Ochoa, Juan Manuel; Giacoman Hernández, Claudia; Herrera Ponce, María Soledad; Salinas Ulloa, Viviana Monzerrat; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de Sociología
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    The structure and the socio-demographic characteristic of eating events in Santiago de Chile
    (2019) Giacoman Hernández, Claudia; Devilat Marzouka, Denisse
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    Veganism, Cuisine, and Class: Exploring taste as a facilitator in adopting a vegan lifestyle in Santiago, Chile
    (2024) Giacoman Hernández, Claudia; Joustra Bartholomaus, Camila Antonia
    Veganism is a movement that avoids consuming animal products. This lifestyle is commonly represented as elitist despite the broad range of people who follow it. Using Bourdieu's taste theory, this study analyzes how personal culinary tastes of different social classes generate favorable (or unfavorable) dispositions to adopting veganism. For this purpose, we analyzed 73 biographical interviews with 401 young vegans in three different waves. The findings reveal that all social classes exhibit favorable dispositions towards veganism. In upper-class individuals, dispositions to embrace healthy and exotic food facilitate the adoption of new flavors and reflexivity in eating practices. Conversely, lower-class individuals have traditional meatless culinary practices rooted in their restricted budget, facilitating the transition to a plant-based diet. These results demonstrate the relevance of social class in understanding the diversity of vegan practices, and they contribute to breaking stereotypes around this movement.