DSpace Angular :: Browsing by Author "Ginocchio, Rosanna"

Browsing by Author "Ginocchio, Rosanna"

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A novel fast-vegetative propagation technique of the pioneer shrub Baccharis linearis on mine tailings by adding compost
(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2021) Ginocchio, Rosanna; Maria de la Fuente, Luz; Orrego, Fabiola; Jose Diaz, Maria; Baez, Javiera; Francisco Ovalle, Juan
Interest in Baccharis linearis has increased as an alternative for assisted phytostabilization due to its spontaneous colonization of tailings dumps. The search for a novel fast-vegetative propagation technique to accelerate its coverage on mine tailings is a promising research area for sustainable mine closure plans. In this study, we determined the optimal proportion of compost and tailings as growing media to promote fast B. linearis propagation through a compound layering technique. The assessed growing substrates were: 100% tailings, 70% tailings + 30% compost, and 50% tailings + 50% compost. After 84 days of growth, the change in number and height of layering branches, root and shoot dry mass, percentage of ground coverage, and substrate chemical properties were assessed. The main results showed that compound layering of B. linearis is possible with compost addition. The growth of new roots and layering branches was significantly improved by either 30% or 50% compost addition into tailings, due to chemical improvements of substrate (higher nutrients and pH and decreased copper bioavailability). The study confirms that the compound layering of B. linearis may be an effective and novel technique for speeding the reclamation of post-operative mine tailings, which is improved by the incorporation of compost.
Coexistence of Ambrosia chamissonis and Ammophila arenaria in coastal dunes in the Nuble Region, Chile
(2024) Cerda-Paredes, Jose Miguel; Ginocchio, Rosanna; Farina, Jose Miguel
Coastal dunes are unique ecosystems distributed worldwide. They share coastline-to-inland abiotic stress gra-dients determining their plant ' s spatial distribution and biological interactions. Ambrosia chamissonis and Ammophila arenaria dominate coastal dunes in Chile, but there is scarce ecological information about their in-teractions and spatial distribution. The aim of this study was to characterize the coexistence of these two species and to evaluate the effect of stress gradients on their spatial distribution and performance. The study was carried out in three coastal dunes of the N similar to uble Region, Chile; two dunes in which each species dominates and one in which they coexist. In each dune, sampling sites were defined along study transects perpendicular to the coast, where both soil characteristics (pH, salinity, contents of water, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and po-tassium) and biological variables of each species (cover, height, water content, content of foliar macronutrients) were measured. Variation of each abiotic variable with the distance from the high tide level was correlated to determine environmental stress gradients. A Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was performed to determine soils characteristics that better explained changes in plant abundance. The Relative Interaction In-tensity index was calculated from biological variables and compared intraspecifically to determine dominant interactions along the dunes. Our results showed two soil stress gradients (soil salinity and available potassium) which decreased inland and may define in part, the spatial distribution of the species, as shown by the CCA. Our results support the idea that dune plants do not always follow the stress gradient hypothesis suggesting a modification of the hypothesis.
Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on Copper Aqueous Removal Capability of Biochar Derived from the Kelp Macrocystis pyrifera
(MDPI, 2021) Araya, Matias; Rivas, Jorge; Sepulveda, Graciela; Espinoza Gonzalez, Camila; Lira, Sebastian; Meynard, Andres; Blanco, Elodie; Escalona, Nestor; Ginocchio, Rosanna; Garrido Ramirez, Elizabeth; Contreras Porcia, Loretto
Seaweed biochar is an efficient alternative bioadsorbent for Cu2+ removal due to its low cost and heavy metal removal capacity. Using the slow pyrolysis process, we produced biochars from Macrocystis pyrifera at 300 (BC300), 450 (BC450), and 600 & DEG;C (BC600). The physicochemical and structural properties of the biochar samples improved with increasing pyrolysis temperature from 300 to 450 & DEG;C, whereas no significant differences were observed with further increases in temperature to 600 & DEG;C. The yield ranged between 49% and 62% and had a high ash content (57.5-71.1%). BC450 and BC600 presented the highest surface areas and higher porosities. The FTIR spectra indicated that an increase of temperature decreased the acidic functional groups due to depolymerization and the dehydration processes, increasing the aromatic structures and the presence of calcium carbonate. The fittings of the kinetic models were different for the BCs: for the BC450 and BC600 samples, the Cu2+ adsorption was well-represented by a pseudo-first-order model; for BC300, a better fit was obtained with the pseudo-second-order model. The rate-limiting step of Cu2+ adsorption on BCs was represented by both models, liquid film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion, with surface diffusion being more important in BC300 and BC600, and intraparticle diffusion in BC450, in agreement with the pore size of the biochar samples. The adsorption isotherms of all BCs showed Langmuir behavior, representative of a chemisorption process, which was corroborated by the energy adsorption values determined by the D-R model. The maximum monolayer Cu2+ adsorption capacities were 93.55 and 58.0 mg g(-1) for BC600 and BC450, respectively, whereas BC450 presented the highest affinity. Other mechanisms involved in controlling heavy metal removal from aqueous suspensions using these seaweed biochars remain to be explored. We conclude that BC450 and BC600 from M. pyrifera are the most efficient adsorbents for Cu2+ aqueous removal and are thus an appropriate alternative for bioremediation.
Evaluation of connected clonal growth of Solidago chilensis as an avoidance mechanism in copper-polluted soils
(2019) Lillo, Felipe; Ginocchio, Rosanna; Ulriksen, Christopher; Dovletyarova, Elvira A.; Neaman, Alexander
Plant resistance to metals can be achieved by two strategies, tolerance and avoidance. Although metal tolerance has been broadly studied in terrestrial plants, avoidance has been less considered as a strategy to cope with soil metal pollution. Avoidance may be an effective alternative in herbaceous plants with connected clonal growth in environments having high heterogeneity in soil micro-spatial distribution of available metals and other soil conditions (i.e. organic matter). In this study, we performed a laboratory experiment on clonal growth of Solidago chilensis when exposed to copper-spiked soils (800 mg kg(-1)) at different depths (0, 2, 5 and 8 cm depth), with (20%) and without addition of organic matter to mimic contrasting microhabitats found at smelter hinterlands (i.e. open bare ground and microhabitats below shrubs). Results showed that plants grown in the 2 cm-depth Cu-spiked soils were able to growth and produce ramets and rhizomes. However, increased Cu uptake of plants determined phytotoxic effects and a reduction in clonal spread in the 5 cm- and 8 cm-depth Cu-spiked soils. Addition of organic matter to the Cu-spiked soil layers allowed clonal spread. Considering that ramet and rhizome production is decreased but not inhibited when copper pollution is restricted to the uppermost soil layer (2 cm depth) and that organic matter eliminated soil copper toxicity allowing normal clonal spread, connected clonal growth may be an effective avoidance mechanism of Solidago chilensis, particularly in environments with high heterogeneity in micro-spatial distribution of metals and organic matter in the soil profile and between microhabitats. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Importance of water quality on plant abundance and diversity in high-alpine meadows of the Yerba Loca Natural Sanctuary at the Andes of north-central Chile
(2008) Ginocchio, Rosanna; Hepp, Josefina; Bustamante, Elena; Silva, Yasna; Maria De La Fuente, Luz; Francois Casale, Jean; Paul De La Harpe, Jean; Urrestarazu, Paola; Anic, Vinka; Montenegro, Gloria
Porphyry Cu-Mo deposits have influenced Surface water quality in high-Andes of north-central Chile since the Miocene. Water anomalies may reduce species abundance and diversity in alpine meadows as acidic and metal-rich waters are highly toxic to plants The study assessed the importance of surface water quality on plant abundance and diversity in high-alpine meadows at the Yerba Loca Natural Santuary (YLNS), central Chile (33 degrees 15' S, 70 degrees 18' W). Hydrochemical and plant prospecting were carried out on Piedra Carvajal, Chorrillos del Plomo and Lit Lata meadows the growing seasons of 2006 and 2007. Direct gradient analysis was performed through canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to look for relationships among water chemistry and plant factors. High variability in water chemistry was found inside and among meadows, particularly for pH, sulphate, electric conductivity, hardness, and total dissolved Cu, Zn, Cd, Ph and Fe. Data oil species abundance and water chemical factors suggests that pH and total dissolved Cu are very important factor determining changes in plant abundance and diversity in study meadows. For instance, Festuca purpurascens, Colobanthus quitensis, and Arenaria rivularis are abundant in habitats with Cu-rich waters while Festuca magellanica, Patosita clandestina, Plantago barbata, Werneria pygmea, and Erigeron andicola are abundant in habitats with dilute waters.
Increase in Phytoextraction Potential by Genome Editing and Transformation: A Review
(2022) Venegas-Rioseco, Javiera; Ginocchio, Rosanna; Ortiz-Calderon, Claudia
Soil metal contamination associated with productive activities is a global issue. Metals are not biodegradable and tend to accumulate in soils, posing potential risks to surrounding ecosystems and human health. Plant-based techniques (phytotechnologies) for the in situ remediation of metal-polluted soils have been developed, but these have some limitations. Phytotechnologies are a group of technologies that take advantage of the ability of certain plants to remediate soil, water, and air resources to rehabilitate ecosystem services in managed landscapes. Regarding soil metal pollution, the main objectives are in situ stabilization (phytostabilization) and the removal of contaminants (phytoextraction). Genetic engineering strategies such as gene editing, stacking genes, and transformation, among others, may improve the phytoextraction potential of plants by enhancing their ability to accumulate and tolerate metals and metalloids. This review discusses proven strategies to enhance phytoextraction efficiency and future perspectives on phytotechnologies.
Mayten Tree Seed Oil: Nutritional Value Evaluation According to Antioxidant Capacity and Bioactive Properties
(2021) Ginocchio, Rosanna; Munoz-Carvajal, Eduardo; Velasquez, Patricia; Giordano, Ady; Montenegro, Gloria; Colque-Perez, German; Saez-Navarrete, Cesar
The Mayten tree (Maytenus boaria Mol.), a native plant of Chile that grows under environmentally limiting conditions, was historically harvested to extract an edible oil, and may represent an opportunity to expand current vegetable oil production. Seeds were collected from Mayten trees in north-central Chile, and seed oil was extracted by solvent extraction. The seed oil showed a reddish coloration, with quality parameters similar to those of other vegetable oils. The fatty acid composition revealed high levels of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Oleic and linoleic acids, which are relevant to the human diet, were well represented in the extracted Mayten tree seed oil. The oil displayed an antioxidant capacity due to the high contents of antioxidant compounds (polyphenols and carotenoids) and may have potential health benefits for diseases associated with oxidative stress.
Nurse effect and herbivory exclusion facilitate plant colonization in abandoned mine tailings storage facilities in north-central Chile
(2013) Cuevas, Jaime G.; Silva, Sergio I.; Leon-Lobos, Pedro; Ginocchio, Rosanna
Positive interactions among plants, such as the nurse effect, can attenuate environmental stress (e.g., drought) or reduce the intensity of perturbations (e.g., herbivory), thus enhancing the possibility of regeneration in natural systems. This study analyses the potential use of nurse plants for restoring artificial environments, such as mine hard-rock dumps. We evaluated seedling recruitment and survival in open areas and beneath the canopy of nurse shrubs, with and without grazing exclusion, on an abandoned copper tailings storage facility in north-central Chile. The nurse species was Baccharis linearis (Asteraceae), and seedling species were B. linearis, Haplopappus parvifolius (Asteraceae), Schismus arabicus (Poaceae), and several forb/grass taxa. A field survey showed that seedlings of all species were more abundant beneath the Baccharis shrub canopy coverage than in the open spaces between shrubs. Only Baccharis seedlings produced a significant difference. We found a decreasing sequence of seedling survival under the following conditions: beneath the Baccharis canopy with herbivore exclusion, beneath the canopy without exclusion, in the open field with exclusion, and finally, in the open field without exclusion. Substrates beneath shrubs had higher P and K levels at depths < 10 cm than substrates in open areas. Water content, substrate compaction, and plant diversity did not differ between microenvironments. Our results demonstrate the importance of both the nurse effect and herbivore exclusion in enhancing seedling establishment on abandoned mine tailings storage facilities in semi-arid north-central Chile. Thus shedding light upon the ecological restoration possibilities in such disturbed environments.
Rougher flotation of copper sulphide ore using biosolids and humic acids
(2011) Reyes-Bozo, Lorenzo; Herrera-Urbina, Ronaldo; Saez-Navarrete, Cesar; Otero, Alfonso F.; Godoy-Faundez, Alex; Ginocchio, Rosanna
In the quest of new, less hazardous, and more ambient-friendly froth flotation reagents, the use of biosolids or humic acids as both collector and frother for the concentration of copper sulphide ores was investigated. Rougher flotation tests were conducted in Denver cells on a laboratory scale, and metallurgical indicators such as copper recovery, copper concentrate grade, and concentration and enrichment ratios were compared with those obtained under similar conditions but using conventional collectors and frothers for the industrial flotation of copper sulphide ores. With a dosage of 10% (w/w) biosolids, copper recovery and grade were 26% and 0.81%, respectively. The copper recovery and grade obtained with 1.5% (w/w) salt of humic acids were 29.7% and 3.5%, respectively. A significantly higher copper recovery (65.1%) was obtained with conventional industrial collectors and frothers, but the grade was also low (3.1% Cu). With the same dosage of humic substances, humic acid show that the flotation rate constant was significantly higher (0.2 min(-1)) than that obtained with the same dosage of biosolids (0.09 min(-1)). These results indicate that humic acids have more affinity than biosolids for copper-containing mineral species, and also show that biosolids and humic acids could be used as both collector and frother in the sulphide mineral concentration process by froth flotation. Because the distribution of iron in the concentrate obtained with biosolids is highest, these materials seem to have more affinity for pyrite. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
SOIL ACIDIFICATION AS A CONFOUNDING FACTOR ON METAL PHYTOTOXICITY IN SOILS SPIKED WITH COPPER-RICH MINE WASTES
(WILEY, 2009) Ginocchio, Rosanna; Maria de la Fuente, Luz; Sanchez, Pablo; Bustamante, Elena; Silva, Yasna; Urrestarazu, Paola; Rodriguez, Patricio H.
Pollution of soil with mine wastes results in both Cu enrichment and soil acidification. This confounding effect may be very important in terms of phytotoxicity, because pH is a key parameter influencing Cu solubility in soil solution. Laboratory toxicity tests were used to assess the effect of acidification by acidic mine wastes on Cu solubility and on root elongation of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Three contrasting substrates (two soils and a commercial sand) and two acidic, Cu-rich mine wastes (oxidized tailings [OxT] and smelter dust [SmD]) were selected as experimental materials. Substrates were spiked with a fixed amount of either SmD or OxT, and the pH of experimental mixtures was then modified in the range of 4.0 to 6.0 and 7.0 using PIPES (piperazine-1,4-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid)), MES (2-(N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid), and MOPS (3-(N-Morpholino)-propanesulfonic acid) buffers. Chemical (pore-water Cu and pH) and toxicological (root length of barley plants) parameters were determined for experimental mixtures. Addition of SmD and OxT to substrates resulted in acidification (0.11-1.16 pH units) and high levels of soluble Cu and Zn. Neutralization of experimental mixtures with MES (pH 6.0) and MOPS (pH 7.0) buffers resulted in a marked decrease in soluble Cu and Zn, but the intensity of the effect was substrate-dependent. Adjustment of soil pH above the range normally considered to be toxic to plants (pH in water extract, > 5.5) significantly reduced metal toxicity in barley, but phytotoxicity was not completely eliminated. The present results stress the importance of considering confounding effects on derivation of toxicity thresholds to plants when using laboratory phytotoxicity tests.
The downside of copper pesticides: An earthworm's perspective
(2024) Schoffer, Jorge Tomas; Solari, Fiama; Petit-dit-Grezeriat, Lucas; Pelosi, Celine; Ginocchio, Rosanna; Yanez, Carolina; Mazuela, Pilar; Neaman, Alexander
The widespread use of copper-based pesticides, while effective in controlling plant diseases, has been identified as a major source of copper contamination in soils. This raises concerns about potential adverse effects on earthworms, key players in soil health and ecosystem function. To inform sustainable pesticide practices, this study aimed to establish copper toxicity thresholds for earthworm avoidance in agricultural soils impacted by copper-based pesticides. We collected 40 topsoil samples (0-5 cm) from orchards and vineyards in the O'Higgins Region of central Chile, and 10 additional soils under native vegetation as background references. A standardized avoidance bioassay using Eisenia fetida assessed the impact of copper-based pesticides on the soils. Total copper concentrations ranged between 23 and 566 mg kg-1, with observed toxic effects on earthworms in certain soils. The effective concentration at 50% (EC50) for total soil copper, determined by Eisenia fetida's avoidance response, was 240 mg kg-1, with a 95% confidence interval of 193-341 mg kg-1. We further compared our EC50 values with existing data from agricultural soils impacted by mining activities. Interestingly, the results revealed a remarkable similarity between the thresholds for earthworm avoidance, regardless of the source of copper contamination. This observation underscores the universality of copper toxicity in agricultural ecosystems and its potential impact on soil biota. This study provides novel insights into copper toxicity thresholds for earthworms in real-world, pesticide-contaminated soils.
The microbial community from the early-plant colonizer (Baccharis linearis) is required for plant establishment on copper mine tailings
(NATURE RESEARCH, 2021) Consuelo Gazitua, Maria; Morgante, Veronica; Josefina Poupin, Maria; Ledger, Thomas; Rodriguez Valdecantos, Gustavo; Herrera, Catalina; Del Carmen Gonzalez Chavez, Maria; Ginocchio, Rosanna; Gonzalez, Bernardo
Plants must deal with harsh environmental conditions when colonizing abandoned copper mine tailings. We hypothesized that the presence of a native microbial community can improve the colonization of the pioneer plant, Baccharis linearis, in soils from copper mining tailings. Plant growth and microbial community compositions and dynamics were determined in cultivation pots containing material from two abandoned copper mining tailings (Huana and Tambillos) and compared with pots containing fresh tailings or surrounding agricultural soil. Controls without plants or using irradiated microbe-free substrates, were also performed. Results indicated that bacteria (Actinobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Firmicutes groups) and fungi (Glomus genus) are associated with B. linearis and may support plant acclimation, since growth parameters decreased in both irradiated (transiently without microbial community) and fresh tailing substrates (with a significantly different microbial community). Consistently, the composition of the bacterial community from abandoned copper mining tailings was more impacted by plant establishment than by differences in the physicochemical properties of the substrates. Bacteria located at B. linearis rhizoplane were clearly the most distinct bacterial community compared with those of fresh tailings, surrounding soil and non-rhizosphere abandoned tailings substrates. Beta diversity analyses showed that the rhizoplane bacterial community changed mainly through species replacement (turnover) than species loss (nestedness). In contrast, location/geographical conditions were more relevant than interaction with the plants, to explain fungal community differences.
Trade-Offs between Drought Survival and Rooting Strategy of Two South American Mediterranean Tree Species: Implications for Dryland Forests Restoration
(MDPI, 2015) Ovalle, Juan F.; Arellano, Eduardo C.; Ginocchio, Rosanna
Differences in water-acquisition strategies of tree root systems can determine the capacity to survive under severe drought. We evaluate the effects of field water shortage on early survival, growth and root morphological variables of two South American Mediterranean tree species with different rooting strategies during two growing seasons. One year-old Quillaja saponaria ( deep- rooted) and Cryptocarya alba ( shallow- rooted) seedlings were established under two watering treatments ( 2 L . week- 1 . plant- 1 and no water) in a complete randomized design. Watering improved the final survival of both species, but the increase was only significantly higher for the shallow- rooted species. The survival rates of deep- and shallow- rooted species was 100% and 71% with watering treatment, and 96% and 10% for the unwatered treatment, respectively. Root morphological variables of deep- rooted species such as surface area, volume, and diameter were higher under unwatered treatment. On the other hand, shallow- rooted species had a higher total root dry mass, length, surface area with watering treatments. Our findings suggest that deep- rooted species are highly recommended for reforestation in dry conditions, even under low soil water availability. Water supplements during the summer season can attenuate the differences between deep- and shallow- rooted species in their ability to survive drought during the early stage.

Browsing by Author "Ginocchio, Rosanna"

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