Browsing by Author "Guiraldes, E"

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    Nature and extent of gastric lesions in symptomatic Chilean children with Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis
    (WILEY, 2002) Guiraldes, E; Pena, A; Duarte, I; Trivino, X; Schultz, M; Larrain, F; Espinosa, MN; Harris, P
    Chile has one of the highest rates of gastric cancer in the world and most children and adolescents in the country are colonized by Helicobacter pylori. This study assessed the nature and extent of the gastric lesions in 73 consecutive patients aged 5-17 y, referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Their H. pylori-associated gastric pathology was characterized and these data were compared with their sociodemographic status. Endoscopic assessment was normal in 43 patients while in 30 there was a variety of mucosal lesions. Sixty patients (83%) had histological chronic gastritis of the antrum and in 45 (63%) the lesions also involved the gastric corpus; 90% of patients with chronic gastritis were colonized by H. pylori. Although most of these patients had epithelial erosions and dedifferentiation of the pit epithelium, atrophy and metaplasia were not found. Patients' socioeconomic status was inversely correlated with their rate of colonization by H. pylori (p < 0.005), the frequency of gastric lesions on endoscopy (p < 0.01) and the frequency of involvement of antral and corpus mucosa by chronic gastritis (p < 0.002). This latter feature was positively correlated with age (p < 0.001).
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    Proinflammatory cytokine expression in gastric tissue from children with Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis
    (LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2001) Guiraldes, E; Duarte, I; Pena, A; Godoy, A; Espinosa, MN; Bravo, R; Larrain, F; Schultz, M; Harris, P
    Background: Helicobacter pylori infection of the gastric mucosa in humans is usually acquired early in life. The chronic inflammation that ensues involves the increased production of inflammatory cytokines. Published data on production of these mediators by gastric mucosa of H. pylori-infected children are few.
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    Treatment of acute infantile diarrhoea with a commercial rice-based oral rehydration solution
    (ICDDR B, 1995) Guiraldes, E; Trivino, X; Hodgson, MI; Quintana, JC; Quintana, C
    This randomized clinical trial compared the efficacy of an oral rehydration solution (ORS) formulated with commercial rice powder, 50 g/l, with that of a glucose-based WHO/UNICEF-recommended ORS in the management of 48 inpatients aged 3-24 months, with acute dehydrating watery diarrhoea, Stool outputs were generally high in these patients, and 11 patients (22%) required additional intravenous rehydration solutions, The stool output (ml/kg) in the first 24 hours was [geometric mean, (95% confidence intervals)] 213 (153-353) in the rice-ORS group versus 146 (108-232) in the glucose-ORS group, while the total stool output was 455 (298-933) versus 307 (209-625); (p value not significant), The mean (+/-SD) duration of diarrhoea in hospital was: 72+/-10 hours in the study group versus 77+/-12 hours in the control group (p value NS), Enteropathogens were found in 94% of the patients, rotavirus being prevalent in 85% of the cases. It is concluded that the rice-ORS used in this trial is no more efficacious than the standard glucose-ORS advocated by WHO/UNICEF in the treatment of infants with watery non-cholera dehydrating diarrhoea, In some cases, ORS formulated with the commercial cereal-based products might actually increase the stool losses in infants with high-output non-cholera diarrhoea.