Browsing by Author "Hernandez, Cristobal"

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    Depressed and swiping my problems for later: The moderation effect between procrastination and depressive symptomatology on internet addiction
    (2019) Hernandez, Cristobal; Rivera Ottenberger, Diana; Moessner, Markus; Crosby, Ross D.; Ditzen, Beate
    Based on insights from the model of compensatory intemet use and emotion regulation theory, this study aimed to explore two possible mechanisms explaining the reliable association between depressive symptomatology and intemet addiction: procrastination on the internet and flow experiences online. Data were collected from 529 high school students, with a mean age of 15.2 years (SD = 1.30), enrolled in six schools in a metropolitan region of Chile. Voluntary participants completed self-reported measures of internet addiction, depressive symptomatology, procrastination on the interne, and flow experiences online. A three-level hierarchical linear model was calculated to evaluate the potential moderator effect of flow and procrastination on the relationship between depressive symptomatology and internet addiction. Results revealed that procrastination moderated this relationship while flow experiences online did not. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for research and clinical practice, highlighting the importance of considering the intentions behind interne usage.
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    Development and Validation of the Social Thermoregulation and Risk Avoidance Questionnaire (STRAQ-1)
    (2019) Vergara, Rodrigo C.; Hernandez, Cristobal; Jaume-Guazzini, Francisco; Lindenberg, Siegwart; Klein, Richard A.; IJzerman, Hans
    Attachment theory was built around the idea that infants rely on others to survive, and it is often forgotten that survival hinged on coping with environmental demands. Adult attachment reports have instead been organized around people's subjective experience of safety and security in relationships. To resolve the gap between infant's physical needs and adult attachment experiences, we made a first step by developing the Social Thermoregulation and Risk Avoidance Questionnaire (STRAQ-1) in 12 countries (N = 1510), providing a complementary measure to identify biological drives formative to attachment. We conjectured that co-regulatory patterns of temperature and stress are foundational to attachment styles and on this basis used a naive bootstrapping method to find a robust solution, conducting seven exploratory factor analyses in an exploratory-confirmatory fashion. We identified 23 (out of 57) items in 4 subscales: Social Thermoregulation (Total Omega = .83), High Temperature Sensitivity (.83), Solitary Thermoregulation (.77), and Risk Avoidance (.57). In terms of external validity, we also found that the STRAQ-1 relates to emotion regulation strategies broadly and, importantly, relates to individual differences in attachment specifically, which in turn mediates the relationship with stress and health (making the scale face valid). Our approach provides a robust first effort in identifying biological mechanisms underlying attachment formation.
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    Dyadic Coping and Its Underlying Neuroendocrine Mechanisms - Implications for Stress Regulation
    (2019) Zietlow, Anna-Lena; Eckstein, Monika; Hernandez, Cristobal; Nonnenmacher, Nora; Reck, Corinna; Schaer, Marcel; Bodenmann, Guy; Heinrichs, Markus; Ditzen, Beate
    Previous research suggests that neuroendocrine mechanisms underlie inter-individual stress coping in couples. The neuropeptide oxytocin (OT), while regulating stresssensitive HPA-axis activity might be crucial in this process. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of dyadic coping abilities and OT on HPA-axis outcomes and constructive behavior during couple conflict. We conducted a secondary analysis of our previous database (Ditzen et al., 2009), assessing the modulating role of dyadic coping and intranasal OT on couple conflict behavior. The data revealed a significant interaction effect of the dyadic coping by oneself score and OT on cortisol responses during couple conflict, suggesting that particularly individuals with low a priori dyadic coping benefit from OT in terms of dampened HPA-activity. The results are in line with previous research suggesting OT's central role for stress regulation and prosocial behavior. Furthermore, an interaction with dyadic coping indicates adaptations in the sensitivity of the OT system during the individual attachment and relationship history. These data add to the evidence that the neuroendocrine attachment systems influence couple behavior. Future studies of neurobiological mechanisms underlying dyadic coping will be of high relevance for the development of prevention and intervention programs.
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    "Emotional drinking" during quarantine by COVID-19 in Chile: the role of depressive symptoms on problematic alcohol consumption
    (2023) Reinel, Mahaira; Quevedo, Yamil; Hernandez, Cristobal; Mino, Viviana; Rojas, Andres
    Aim To assess the pattern of alcohol consumption in the Chilean adult population in association with depressive symptoms in the context of the COVID-19 quarantine. Methods A correlational and transversal study was conducted. Alcohol consumption and depressive symptoms were measured through an online survey, including the PHQ-9 Chilean version and the item banks for alcohol use of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). Mediational analysis models were conducted to assess whether the relationship between depressive symptoms and problematic drinking was mediated by drinking to cope with negative emotions. Results 32% of the sample reported depression, 84% acknowledge having been drunk during the previous 30 days and 18% acknowledge an increase in the amount of alcohol use. The presence of depressive symptomatology positively predicts problematic alcohol consumption during the quarantine; however, when it includes analyzing the reasons for drinking alcohol, this relationship becomes negative and shows a significant mediation effect in the relationship between depressive symptomatology and problematic drinking through increased drinking to control negative emotions. Conclusion The findings suggest that during quarantine, the increase in problematic drinking is related to depressive symptoms associated with an increased urge to drink to cope with negative emotions.