Browsing by Author "Hill, J."

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    Effect of stage of growth on the chemical composition, nutritive value and ensilability of whole-crop barley
    (ELSEVIER, 2009) Hargreaves, A.; Hill, J.; Leaver, J. D.
    Chemical composition, nutritive value and ensilability of whole-crop barley as a supplementary feed for dairy cows was investigated using a range of maturities of barley (seed coat ripe-GS 69, early dough stage-GS 82, soft dough-GS 87 and grain ripe-GS 90) in small scale silos. The ensiling experiment was based on a complete randomised design with three replicate silos per harvest date. Twelve 0.225 m(3) plastic silo (were used in the experiment and silo were sampled on opening for chemical composition and nutritive value. The fermentation process reduced the concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrate in the ensiled forage compared to the fresh forage. The proportion of residual WSC in silage did however increase with increasing crop maturity (0.051, 0.077, 0.167 and 0.560 of WSC retained in. the silage after the process of fermentation from forages cut at GS 69, 82, 87 and 90 respectively). Silages that were made from forage cut at the most mature stage of growth had a substantially lower production (P<0.001) of total fermentation acids (38.9 g/kg DM for GS 90) compared to those made from the least mature forage (203.4 g/kg DM for GS 69). The pH and concentrations of the various fermentation acids for silages made with the least mature forage (GS 69) were typical of acetic acid dominated fermentation. These silages contained little or no butyric acid and had a pH of 4.5 and contained high concentrations of ammonia-N (186 g/kg total N). Silages produced from forages cut at growth stage 82 were similar to those conserved from immature forages, having acetic acid dominated fermentation (lactic acid to acetic acid ratio of 1:1.22), relatively high pH (4.85) and high concentrations of ammonia-N (141 g/kg total N). These silages differed from those made from the most immature forage insofar that they contained high concentrations of butyric acid (50.5 g/kg DM). The processes of fermentation were affected by the stage of growth of the forage at ensiling and hence the economics of silage production. If the forage was too immature at ensiling, the yield of crop would be compromised but the silage produced may have moderate to high nutritive value and reasonable aerobic stability during the feed out phase. If the whole-crop forage was grown as a crop to secure high levels of supplementary feed from an alternative forage source (other than grass),the trade-off between yield, nutritive value and losses of feed immediately after silo opening would suggest the crop should be harvested between 350 and 450 g DM/kg dry matter. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    FoxO1 switches energy metabolism and stimulates mitochondrial fission in myocardial insulin resistance.
    (AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY, 2014) Quiroga, C.; Acuna, F.; Vasquez Trincado, C.; Pavez, M.; Gomez, T.; Estrada, M.; Verdejo, H.; Castro, P.; Hill, J.; Lavandero, S.
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    Tripeptide inhibitors of dengue and West Nile virus NS2B-NS3 protease
    (2011) Schüller, Andreas; Yin, Z.; Chia, C. S. B.; Doan, D. N. P.; Kim, H.; Shang, L.; Loh, T. P.; Hill, J.; Vasudevan, S. G.
    A series of tripeptide aldehyde inhibitors were synthesized and their inhibitory effect against dengue virus type 2 (DENV2) and West Nile virus (WNV) NS3 protease was evaluated side by side with the aim to discover potent flaviviral protease inhibitors and to examine differences in specificity of the two proteases. The synthesized inhibitors feature a varied N-terminal cap group and side chain modifications of a P2-lysine residue. In general a much stronger inhibitory effect of the tripeptide inhibitors was observed toward WNV protease. The inhibitory concentrations against DENV2 protease were in the micromolar range while they were submicromolar against WNV. The data suggest that a P2-arginine shifts the specificity toward DENV2 protease while WNV protease favors a lysine in the P2 position. Peptides with an extended P2-lysine failed to inhibit DENV2 protease suggesting a size-constrained S2 pocket. Our results generally encourage the investigation of di- and tripeptide aldehydes as inhibitors of DENV and WNV protease.
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    Weak-lensing mass calibration of the Atacama Cosmology Telescope equatorial Sunyaev-Zeldovich cluster sample with the Canada-France-Hawaii telescope stripe 82 survey
    (2016) Battaglia, N.; Leauthaud, A.; Miyatake, H.; Hasselfield, M.; Grallad, M.; Allison, R.; Calabrese, E.; Devlin, M.; Erben, T.; Dünner Planella, Rolando; Ferrara, S.; Halpern, M.; Hilton, M.; Hill, J.; Hincks, A.; Hlozek, R.