Browsing by Author "Hodgson, MI"

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    Nicotinamide protected first-phase insulin response (FPIR) and prevented clinical disease in first-degree relatives of type-1 diabetics
    (ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD, 2006) Olmos, PR; Hodgson, MI; Maiz, A; Manrique, M; De Valdes, MD; Foncea, R; Acosta, AM; Emmerich, MV; Velasco, S
    Background: After a study of ICA prevalence among relatives of Type-1 diabetics (DMI) in Santiago, Chile, parents of those who tested positive asked us to go on forward with an intervention study.
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    Treatment of acute infantile diarrhoea with a commercial rice-based oral rehydration solution
    (ICDDR B, 1995) Guiraldes, E; Trivino, X; Hodgson, MI; Quintana, JC; Quintana, C
    This randomized clinical trial compared the efficacy of an oral rehydration solution (ORS) formulated with commercial rice powder, 50 g/l, with that of a glucose-based WHO/UNICEF-recommended ORS in the management of 48 inpatients aged 3-24 months, with acute dehydrating watery diarrhoea, Stool outputs were generally high in these patients, and 11 patients (22%) required additional intravenous rehydration solutions, The stool output (ml/kg) in the first 24 hours was [geometric mean, (95% confidence intervals)] 213 (153-353) in the rice-ORS group versus 146 (108-232) in the glucose-ORS group, while the total stool output was 455 (298-933) versus 307 (209-625); (p value not significant), The mean (+/-SD) duration of diarrhoea in hospital was: 72+/-10 hours in the study group versus 77+/-12 hours in the control group (p value NS), Enteropathogens were found in 94% of the patients, rotavirus being prevalent in 85% of the cases. It is concluded that the rice-ORS used in this trial is no more efficacious than the standard glucose-ORS advocated by WHO/UNICEF in the treatment of infants with watery non-cholera dehydrating diarrhoea, In some cases, ORS formulated with the commercial cereal-based products might actually increase the stool losses in infants with high-output non-cholera diarrhoea.