Browsing by Author "Jimenez, Jorge"

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    Host immunity during RSV pathogenesis
    (2008) Bueno Ramírez, Susan; González Muñoz, Pablo Alberto; Pacheco, Rodrigo; Leiva Llantén, Eduardo David; Cautivo Reyes, Kelly Margarita; Tobar Durán, Hugo Eduardo; Mora, Jorge E.; Prado, Carolina E.; Zuniga, Juan P.; Jimenez, Jorge; Riedel, Claudia A.; Kalergis Parra, Alexis Mikes
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    Improving Health and Building Human Capital Through an Effective Primary Care System
    (2007) Lee, Albert; Kiyu, Andrew; Molina Milman, Helia; Jimenez, Jorge
    To improve population health, one must put emphasis on reducing health inequities and enhancing health protection and disease prevention, and early diagnosis and treatment of diseases by tackling the determinants of health at the downstream, midstream, and upstream levels. There is strong theoretical and empirical evidence for the association between strong national primary care systems and improved health indicators. The setting approach to promote health such as healthy schools, healthy cities also aims to address the determinants of health and build the capacity of individuals, families, and communities to create strong human and social capitals. The notion of human and social capitals begins to offer explanations why certain communities are unable to achieve better health than other communities with similar demography. In this paper, a review of studies conducted in different countries illustrate how a well-developed primary health care system would reduce all causes of mortalities, improve health status, reduce hospitalization, and be cost saving despite a disparity in socioeconomic conditions. The intervention strategy recommended in this paper is developing a model of comprehensive primary health care system by joining up different settings integrating the efforts of different parties within and outside the health sector. Different components of primary health care team would then work more closely with individuals and families and different healthy settings. This synergistic effect would help to strengthen human and social capital development. The model can then combine the efforts of upstream, midstream, and downstream approaches to improve population health and reduce health inequity. Otherwise, health would easily be jeopardized as a result of rapid urbanization.
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    Reducing infant mortality in Chile: Success in two phases
    (PROJECT HOPE, 2007) Jimenez, Jorge; Romero, Maria Ines
    Latin America, and especially Chile, has done well in reducing infant mortality, with rates of around twenty-five per thousand live births. There are two clear phases of declining mortality: one largely influenced by poverty reduction, primary health care, and environmental and demographic factors; and a second one more sensitive to focused health care interventions. In 2000 Chile reached 8.9 infant deaths per 1,000, using interventions that represent an increase in the provision of services related to perinatal risks, acute respiratory diseases, congenital heart conditions, and certain vaccine-preventable infections. Chile, with per capita income near U.S.$5,000 in 2000, has infant mortality that compares with that of wealthier countries.
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    The expected cost of cancer in Chile
    (2022) Espinoza, Manuel A.; Armijo, Nicolas; Abbott, Tomas; Jimenez, Jorge; Balmaceda, Carlos
    Background: Cancer is a public health priority in Chile. Aim: To estimate the expected annual cost of cancer in Chile, due to direct costs of health services, working allowances and indirect costs for productivity losses. Material and Methods: We undertook an ascendent costing methodology to calculate direct costs. We built diagnostic, treatment and follow-up cost baskets for each cancer type. Further, we estimated the expenditure due to sick leave subsidies. Both estimates were performed either for the public or private sector. Costs related to productivity loss were estimated using the human capital approach, incorporating disease related absenteeism premature deaths. The time frame for all estimates was one year. Results: The annual expected costs attributed to cancer was $1,557 billion of Chilean pesos. The health services expected annual costs were $1,436 billion, 67% of which are spent on five cancer groups (digestive, hematologic, respiratory, breast and urinary tract). The expected costs of sick leave subsidies and productivity loss were $48 and $71 billion, respectively. Conclusions: Cancer generates costs to the health system, which obliges health planners to allocate a significant proportion of the health budget to this disease. The expected costs estimated in this study are equivalent to 8.9% of all health expenditures and 0.69% of the Gross Domestic Product. This study provides an updated reference for future research, such as those aimed at evaluating the current health policies in cancer.