Browsing by Author "Lavandero, Blas"
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- ItemGenetic structure of highland papayas (Vasconcellea pubescens (Lenn, et C. Koch) Badillo) cultivated along a geographic gradient in Chile as revealed by Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR)(SPRINGER, 2009) Carrasco, Basilio; Avila, Patricio; Perez Diaz, Jorge; Munoz, Patricio; Garcia, Rolando; Lavandero, Blas; Zurita Silva, Andres; Retamales, Jorge B.; Caligari, Peter D. S.In Chile Vasconcellea pubescens is cropped to produce canned fruit, juice, jam and processed sweets. Additionally this species produces latex with a high level of papain, an important and valuable proteolytic enzyme with industrial applications. In this investigation seven ISSR primers were used to study the level and organization of genetic diversity in 333 samples of V. pubescens. Out of the 114 bands recorded, 63 proved to be polymorphic (P = 55.3%). At the species level, the genetic diversity was rather low (h = 0.01 +/- A 6,80188E-05, Shannon's Index I = 0.16 +/- A 0,000148). The major portion of the genetic diversity was found within groups (65%). The genetic differentiation between the different groups was significant, as the AMOVA analysis suggested (I broken vertical bar(pt) = 0.35). When analysing the Northern area alone, the differentiation increased to I broken vertical bar(pt) = 0.40. When only the Southern area was analysed, I broken vertical bar(pt) decreased to 0.18, indicating greater genetic similarity among the samples. The results generated from Structure and Bayesian Analysis of Population Structure distinguished 8 genetically different groups, five of them located in the north and three in the south. The results are discussed in the light of the growers' practices.
- ItemMigration of coccinellids to alfalfa fields with varying adjacent vegetation in Central Chile(2010) Grez, Audrey A.; Torres, Constanza; Zaviezo, Tania; Lavandero, Blas; Ramirez, MarceloA. A. Grez, C. Torres, T. Zaviezo, B. Lavandero, and M. Ramirez. Migration of coccinellids to alfalfa fields with varying adjacent vegetation in Central Chile. 2010. Cien. Inv. Agr. 37(2): 111-121. Permanent and permeable edges, where natural enemies can feed, overwinter or easily cross over, should enhance the early arrival of these predators to crops. We evaluated the abundance and species richness of coccinellids migrating to alfalfa fields adjacent to Eucalyptus, a mix of false acacia, blackberries and poplar (F-B-P), vineyards, corn and annual vegetables. From September 2007 to May 2008, we captured coccinellids in three sticky traps (2.64 m(2)) placed at the borders between alfalfa fields and adjacent vegetation. We also estimated the abundance of aphid populations in the alfalfa fields, by counting the number of individuals per alfalfa stem in spring, summer and autumn. We collected 90,396 coccinellids from 14 species. Neither total abundance nor species richness of coccinellids was significantly affected by adjacent vegetation, but Adalia deficiens, Psyllobora picta and Cycloneda sanguinea were more abundant in alfalfa adjacent to Eucalyptus and F-B-P, meanwhile Olla v-nigrum next to annual crops and Hyperaspis sphaeridioides next to vineyards. Edge height and orientation explained 94% of the variance in species abundance. Particularly, P picta and O. v-nigrum were positively and negatively influenced by border height, respectively. Hyperaspis sphaeridioides was negatively affected by northern exposure and none of the species was affected by edge permeability. Aphids were less abundant in alfalfa fields adjacent to F-B-P, especially in spring. These results show that most species of coccinellids were not affected by the composition of crop edges, although tall permanent edges may enhance the arrival of particular coccinellid species to alfalfa fields.
- ItemMigration of coccinellids to alfalfa fields with varying adjacent vegetation in Central Chile.(2010) Grez, Audrey A.; Torres, Constanza; Zaviezo, Tania; Lavandero, Blas; Ramírez, Marcelo