Browsing by Author "Leal Valenzuela, Daniella"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    A longitudinal study monitoring the quality of life in a national cohort of older adults in Chile before and during the COVID-19 outbreak
    (2021) Herrera Ponce, María Soledad; Elgueta, Raúl; Fernández Lorca, María Beatriz; Giacoman Hernández, Claudia; Leal Valenzuela, Daniella; Marshall, Pío; Rubio Acuña, Miriam; Bustamante Palma, Felipe Andrés
    Background:Confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic has placed great stress on older adults, which may be affecting their quality of life. Thus, this study aims to describe the changes in mental and physical health, isolation and loneliness, residence and socioeconomic resources in a national cohort of Chilean older adults before and during the COVID-19 outbreak. It also analyzes the changes in depressive symptoms by changes in the other quality of life indicators before and during the COVID-19 outbreak. Possible methodological biases of telephone surveys in older adults living in non-developed countries are also discussed. Methods: Between June and September 2020, a random subsample of 720 people who had participated in the face-to-face V National Survey on Quality of Life in Older Adults in Chile conducted at the end of 2019 was followed up by telephone. Descriptive bivariate analyses were performed using t-test and non-parametric tests for independent variables, comparing the baseline sample with the current 2020 follow-up sample during the peak of the pandemic outbreak in Latin America. Furthermore, descriptive bivariate analysis through t-test and non-parametric test for paired samples compared the follow-up subsample at baseline with the not-included sample, examining possible biases of the telephone interview compared with the face-to-face interview. Results: In the panel, there was no variation in self-rated health. The health symptoms that worsened were memory, stomach, and mood problems. Depressive symptoms and anxiety increased; similarly, smartphone users, social contacts, intergenerational co-residence and resilience increased. The telephone follow-up sample had a higher educational level and greater smartphone use than those not included in the subsample. Conclusions: Although some physical and mental health indicators have worsened during the pandemic, older adults mobilized resources that could allow them to maintain their quality of life, such as improved resilience. Thus, these findings can guide future research and the development of efficient strategies to improve these resources among older adults to ensure wellbeing.
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    Autoconcepto y talento: Una relación que favorece el logro académico
    (2012) González Larrondo, María de la Luz; Leal Valenzuela, Daniella; Segovia, Carolina; Arancibia Clavel, Violeta
    En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un estudio cuyo objetivo fue estimar la asociación entre autoconcepto y talento académico con los resultados académicos en lenguaje y matemática de alumnos de contextos socioeconómicos vulnerables. Se utilizó una metodología cuantitativa con un diseño correlacional y una muestra intencionada. Se recolectaron los datos a través de pruebas alineadas al currículum (Sistema de Evaluación del Progreso en el Aprendizaje [SEPA]), un test de inteligencia práctica, creativa y analítica y un cuestionario de autoconcepto académico, aplicados a 1411 alumnos, y un cuestionario aplicado a 1411 apoderados. Los resultados, obtenidos por medio de t de Student y modelos de regresión múltiple, apoyan la asociación entre expectativas académicas, autoconcepto y talento académico y sugieren que estos 3 elementos conforman un círculo virtuoso que permite a los alumnos obtener buenos resultados académicos.
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    Daily rhythms of eating in Santiago, Chile
    (2017) Giacoman Hernández, Claudia; Leal Valenzuela, Daniella; Rivera, Valentina
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    Meal times and synchronization: A cross-metropolitan comparison between Santiago (Chile) and Paris (France)
    (2020) Lhuissier, Anne; Giacoman Hernández, Claudia; Ferrant, Coline; Devilat Marzouka, Denisse; Leal Valenzuela, Daniella; Ayala Arancibia, Pamela; Torres Pabón, Giselle; Chauvin, Pierre
    This paper investigates the temporal dimension of meals. Specifically, it compares meal schedules and their social determinants in two metropolises, Santiago (Chile) and Paris (France). Our empirical material is drawn from two comparable data sources: Encuesta de Comensalidad en Adultos de la Región Metropolitana (Santiago, Chile) and Santé, Inégalités et Ruptures Sociales (Paris, France). Our research highlights cross-metropolitan similarities and disparities between Santiago and Paris regarding meal times and synchronization. Both metropolises share a similar and marked three-meal pattern. Three major peaks distributed throughout the day correspond to breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Both in Santiago and Paris, lunch is more synchronized than dinner, for reasons pertaining to professional and school rhythms. Dinner, however, demonstrates an important coordination effort towards the synchronization of social time within the family. However, this comparison also highlights important disparities between the two metropolises regarding meal schedules, the amplitude of synchronization, and sociodemographic patterns that express a different relationship to food and eating norms: negotiated in Santiago and rigid in Paris. These differences not only refer to nutritional requirements (content, frequency, pace of the meals, place and commensality) but also to familial and educational purposes. They express cultural norms regarding food and eating according to economic organizations and level of development.