Browsing by Author "Lopez, Pablo"

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    Applicability of spatial prediction models for landslide susceptibility in land-use zoning instruments: a guideline in a coastal settlement in South-Central Chile
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2021) Lopez, Pablo; Quense, Jorge; Henriquez, Cristian; Martinez, Carolina
    Landslide hazard is usually incorporated into land-use planning as susceptibility zoning. Multiple-variable models have been widely used for susceptibility zoning due to their advantage to use different performance techniques to improve their prediction capacity. In Chile, the incorporation of landslide hazard into land-use planning instruments lacks a frame of reference that defines the susceptibility zoning and potential methodologies to be used. To overcome this lack of reference, this study assessed the applicability of Generalized Linear Model (GLM) and Generalized Additive Model (GAM) models in the establishment of susceptibility zoning guidelines. The application of both models identified the areas-prone to landslides in enough detail for a scale k-fold cross-validation, which indicated a slight advantage of the GAM model over the GLM model in susceptibility prediction capacity. The resulting zoning areas for low, moderate, high and very high susceptibility were very similar for the GLM and GAM models.
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    Occurrence of area postrema syndrome during follow-up: phenotype and influence over NMOSD activity in LATAM in real-world settings
    (2024) Pestchanker, Claudia; Cortez, Brenda Bertado; Peixoto, Marco A. Lana; Gortari, Jose Ignacio; Suarez, Sheila Castro; Zamalloa, Cesar Caparo; Galiana, Graciana; Penalver, Francisco; Marques, Vanesa Daccach; Messias, Katharina; Galleguillos, Lorna; Garcia, Fernando; Rojas, Juan I.; Patrucco, Liliana; Cristiano, Edgardo; Tkachuk, Veronica; Liwacki, Susana; Correale, Jorge; Marrodan, Mariano; Ysraelit, Maria C.; Vrech, Carlos; Deri, Norma; Leguizamon, Felisa; Tavolini, Dario; Mainella, Carolina; Zanga, Gisela; Serena, Marina Alonso; Ciampi, Ethel; Soares Neto, Herval Ribeiro; Lopez, Pablo; Contentti, Edgar Carnero
    IntroductionWe aimed to assess the frequency, duration, and severity of area postrema syndrome (APS) during follow-up in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) patients, as well as its association with inflammatory activity and prognostic factors of APS severity in a real-world setting.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study on a cohort of Latin American (LATAM) NMOSD patients who had experienced APS during their follow-up. Patients from Mexico, Peru, Brazil, Colombia, Panama, Chile and Argentina patients who met 2015 NMOSD criteria were included. We evaluated data on symptom type (nausea, vomiting and/or hiccups), frequency, duration, severity (measured by APS severity scale), association with other NMOSD core relapses, and acute treatments (symptomatic and immunotherapy or plasmapheresis). Logistic regression was conducted to evaluate factors associated with APS severity (vs. mild-moderate).ResultsOut of 631 NMOSD patients, 116 (18.3%) developed APS during their follow-up. The most common APS phenotype was severe. Inflammatory activity (i.e., relapses) significantly decreased after the onset of APS. Half of the patients experienced isolated APS with a median duration of 10 days, and the most frequently used acute treatment was IV steroids. All three symptoms were present in 44.6% of the patients. APS symptoms resolved following immunotherapy. Logistic regression did not identify independent factors associated with the severity of APS.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that 18.3% of NMOSD patients developed APS during the follow-up period, with most patients fulfilling criteria for severe APS. The inflammatory activity decreased after the onset of APS compared to the previous year.
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    The generation of new tsunami risk areas due to an intentionally biased reconstruction process: Case study of llico after the 2010 Chile tsunami
    (2020) Aranguiz, Rafael; Martinez, Carolina; Rojas, Octavio; Hoffmann, Constanza; Lopez, Pablo
    Tsunamis are among the most significant hazards in coastal settlements. Mitigation measures have been focused mainly on physical aspects, and few studies have addressed vulnerability and resilience in a multidimensional approach. The main objective of the present work is to assess changes in vulnerability and, consequently, risk, considering a time-space dimension. Three deterministic tsunami scenarios based on historical events were analyzed, and vulnerability analysis with an emphasis on social cohesion and community organization in pre reconstruction (2012) and post-reconstruction (2017) conditions was carried out using physical, socioeconomic and social organization variables. The extreme scenario was found to be a 2010-like tsunami, and high levels of social trust and community cooperation were found in pre-reconstruction conditions, which decreased in post-reconstruction conditions due to the relocation of the affected population to other parts of the region. Therefore, it can be concluded that even though physical aspects are important for improving the livability of an affected place and the quality of life of its inhabitants, intentionally biased reconstruction processes (focused mainly on physical aspects) do not effectively reduce risk. Finally, it is crucial to include social capital and social resilience in public policies to implement more comprehensive and successful reconstruction processes.