Browsing by Author "Margozzini Maira, Paula"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 43
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    A century of trends in adult human height
    (eLife Sciences Publications Ltd, 2016) Bentham, J.; Di Cesare, M.; Zhou, B.; Bixby, H.; Fortunato, L.; Bennett, J.E.; Kontis, V.; Riboli, E.; Ezzati, M.; Chan, Q.; Elliott, P.; Gunter, M.; Hihtaniemi, I. T.; Murphy, N.; Norat, T.; Ferreccio Readi, Fresia Catterina; Margozzini Maira, Paula; Miquel P., Juan Francisco; Nervi, Flavio; Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo
    Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Aproximación al patrón de normalidad de TSH para la población chilena según Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2009-2010
    (2013) Mosso Gómez, Lorena; Margozzini Maira, Paula; Trejo, Pamela; Domínguez de Landa, María Angélica; Solari Gajardo, Sandra; Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo; Arteaga U., Eugenio
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Associations between the stringency of COVID-19 containment policies and health service disruptions in 10 countries
    (2023) Reddy, Tarylee; Kapoor, Neena R.; Kubota, Shogo; Doubova, Svetlana V.; Asai, Daisuke; Mariam, Damen H.; Ayele, Wondimu; Mebratie, Anagaw D.; Thermidor, Roody; Sapag Muñoz de la Peña, Jaime; Bedregal, Paula; Passi-Solar, Álvaro; Gordon-Strachan, Georgiana; Dulal, Mahesh; Gadeka, Dominic D.; Mehata, Suresh; Margozzini Maira, Paula; Leerapan, Borwornsom; Rittiphairoj, Thanitsara; Kaewkamjornchai, Phanuwich; Nega, Adiam; Awoonor-Williams, John K.; Kruk, Margaret E.; Arsenault, Catherine
    Background Disruptions in essential health services during the COVID-19 pandemic have been reported in several countries. Yet, patterns in health service disruption according to country responses remain unclear. In this paper, we investigate associations between the stringency of COVID-19 containment policies and disruptions in 31 health services in 10 low- middle- and high-income countries in 2020. Methods Using routine health information systems and administrative data from 10 countries (Chile, Ethiopia, Ghana, Haiti, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Mexico, Nepal, South Africa, South Korea, and Thailand) we estimated health service disruptions for the period of April to December 2020 by dividing monthly service provision at national levels by the average service provision in the 15 months pre-COVID (January 2019-March 2020). We used the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) index and multi-level linear regression analyses to assess associations between the stringency of restrictions and health service disruptions over nine months. We extended the analysis by examining associations between 11 individual containment or closure policies and health service disruptions. Models were adjusted for COVID caseload, health service category and country GDP and included robust standard errors. Findings Chronic disease care was among the most affected services. Regression analyses revealed that a 10% increase in the mean stringency index was associated with a 3.3 percentage-point (95% CI -3.9, -2.7) reduction in relative service volumes. Among individual policies, curfews, and the presence of a state of emergency, had the largest coefficients and were associated with 14.1 (95% CI -19.6, 8.7) and 10.7 (95% CI -12.7, -8.7) percentage-point lower relative service volumes, respectively. In contrast, number of COVID-19 cases in 2020 was not associated with health service disruptions in any model. Conclusions Although containment policies were crucial in reducing COVID-19 mortality in many contexts, it is important to consider the indirect effects of these restrictions. Strategies to improve the resilience of health systems should be designed to ensure that populations can continue accessing essential health care despite the presence of containment policies during future infectious disease outbreaks.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Baseline assessment of prevalence and geographical distribution of HPV types in Chile using self-collected vaginal samples
    (2008) Ferreccio Readi, Catterina; Corvalán R., Alejandro; Margozzini Maira, Paula; Viviani García, Paola; González, Claudia; Aguilera, Ximena; Gravitt, Patti E
    Abstract Background Chile has broad variations in weather, economics and population from the far desert north (Region 1) to the cold, icy south (Region 12). A home-based self-collected vaginal sampling was nested in the 2003 Chilean population-based health survey in order to explore the possibility of a type-specific geographical variation for human papillomavirus Methods The population was a national probability sample of people 17 years of age and over. Consenting women provided self-collected cervicovaginal swabs in universal collection media (UCM). DNA was extracted and typed to 37 HPV genotypes using PGMY consensus PCR and line blot assay. Weighted prevalence rates and adjusted OR were calculated. Results Of the 1,883 women participating in the health survey, 1,219 (64.7%) provided a cervicovaginal sample and in 1,110 (56.2% of participants and 66.5% of those eligible) the samples were adequate for analysis. Refusal rate was 16.9%. HPV prevalence was 29.2% (15.1% high-risk HPV and 14.1% low-risk HPV). Predominant high-risk types were HPV 16, 52, 51, 56 and 58. Predominant low-risk HPVs were HPV 84, CP6108, 62, 53 and 61. High-risk and low-risk HPV rates were inversely correlated between the regions. High-risk HPV prevalence was highest among the youngest women, whereas low-risk HPV increased slightly with age. Conclusion Self-obtained vaginal sampling is adequate for monitoring HPV in the community, for identifying high-risk areas, and for surveying the long term impact of interventions.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Cobertura de la estrategia de prevención del cáncer de vesícula biliar en Chile: resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2009-2010
    (2015) Latorre, S.; Ivanovic, D.; Corsi, O.; Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo; Margozzini Maira, Paula; Olea Ortega, Ricardo Alonso; Chianale Bertolini, José Luis; Miquel P., Juan Francisco
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Cobertura de la estrategia preventiva de cáncer gástrico en Chile: resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2009-2010
    (2015) Latorre, G.; Alvarez, J.; Ivanovic, D.; Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo; Margozzini Maira, Paula; Chianale Bertolini, José Luis; Miquel P., Juan Francisco
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Comparison of Health Examination Survey Methods in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, England, Scotland, and the United States
    (2017) Mindell, J.; Moody, A.; Vecino Ortíz, A.; Alfaro, T.; Frenz, P.; Scholes, S.; González Bombardiere, Sergio; Margozzini Maira, Paula; De Oliveira, C.; Sánchez Romero, L.; Alvarado, A.; Cabrera, S.; Sarmiento, O.; Triana, C.; Barquera, S.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    El consumo riesgoso de alcohol en Chile : tareas pendientes y oportunidades para las políticas públicas
    (2015) Margozzini Maira, Paula; Sapag Muñoz de la Peña, Jaime
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    El consumo riesgoso de alcohol en Chile : tareas pendientes y oportunidades para las políticas públicas
    (Centro de Políticas Públicas UC, 2015) Margozzini Maira, Paula; Sapag Muñoz de la Peña, Jaime
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: a pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants
    (2018) Zhou, Bin; Ferreccio Readi, Catterina; Margozzini Maira, Paula; Miquel P., Juan Francisco; Nervi, Flavio; Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Determinantes asociados al consumo de bebidas azucaradas en Chile: Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017
    (2023) Valda Chumacero, María Laura; Margozzini Maira, Paula; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Medicina
    Introducción: Las ventas de bebidas azucaradas (BA) en Chile, son las más altas en el mundo, siendo además, el segundo producto más consumido por los hogares tanto el en gran Santiago como en las principales capitales regionales de Chile. Las BAS debido a su alto contenido de carbohidratos de rápida absorción, con alto contenido de fructosa , promoviendo la obesidad, caries dentales y riesgo cardiovascular. Este proyecto tiene como propósito el de aportar información sobre los determinantes , asociados al consumo de bebidas azucaradas comprendiendo así, la dinámica de ingesta de dichas bebidas. Objetivo: estimar la magnitud y determinantes asociados al consumo de bebidas azucaradas , en población general chilena. Hipótesis: La prevalencia de consumo de BAS en Chile será mayor en hombres, población juvenil y a menor nivel socioeconómico (NSE). Metodología: Se realizó un análisis secundario, de la base de datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Chile 2016-2017 (ENS 2016-2017) población de hombres y mujeres adultos chilenos mayores de 14 años de edad. Se analizará el consumo de bebidas azucaradas ( gaseosas, jugos azucarados y ambos) (<1vaso/ semana, 1-5 vasos semana y >5 vasos/ semana, y < de 1 vaso por día ) obteniendo así la media y mediana de consumo y se explorará mediante modelo logístico múltiple ajustando por sexo, edad, nivel educacional, zona y frecuencia revisión de etiquetado nutricional. Conclusiones: En Chile existe un alto consumo de BAS. Los determinantes asociados al mayor consumo son el sexo masculino, edad menor 25 años, nivel educacional medio, bajo y el hecho de no revisar el etiquetado nutricional, generando así un aumento en la carga de obesidad y enfermedades crónicas asociadas. Si bien, el gobierno ha implementado medidas que tratan de aminorar este problema, se debe explorar la factibilidad de implementar otras medidas poblacionales que disminuya el consumo de BA.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Determinants of anterior tooth loss in Chilean adults: data from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-2017.
    (F D I WORLD DENTAL PRESS LTD, 2020) Berrios Vigneaux, Rodrigo; Vargas Buratovic, Juan Pablo; Moreno, Florencia; Mellado Torres, Beatriz; Cantarutti Martinez, Cynthia; Padilla Perez, Oslando; Margozzini Maira, Paula; Ortuno Borroto, Duniel R.
    Objective: To describe prevalence of anterior tooth loss and its determinants among Chilean people aged over 15 years. Methods: Crosssectional study, using the sampling frame of the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-2017 (n=5473 participants). Multivariate logistic regressions were performed to obtain the prevalence and odds ratio (OR) for anterior tooth loss using a complex sampling method. We described anterior tooth loss affecting each jaw according to sex, age, educational level, urban/rural residence and having health insurance. Results: The odds of anterior tooth loss were 7.11 (95%CI: 4.57 - 10.78) and 4.84 (95%CI: 3.02 - 7.72) times higher for low-educated subjects compared to those with more educational, for the upper and lower jaw respectively. Also, the odds of anterior tooth loss for the upper jaw was 1.34 (CI 95%: 1.07 - 1.66) times higher in women, whereas for the lower jaw, no significant differences by sex were found (p-value 0.14). Adults having only the National Health Fund B insurance (FONASA B) had odds of losing one or more anterior teeth 2.43 (CI 95%: 1.34 - 4.39) times higher in the upper jaw and 2.08 (CI 95%: 1.03 - 4.20) in the lower jaw compared with those having Health Insurance Institutions (ISAPREs). Conclusion: Our study showed for the first time that anterior tooth loss is a widespread condition in Chile, with marked inequities by sex, age, educational level, and geographical area. People in the public health insurance system have a higher odds of anterior tooth loss.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Early pregnancy thyroid hormone reference ranges in Chilean women: the influence of body mass index
    (2016) Mosso Gómez, Lorena; Martínez García, Alejandra Constanza; Rojas Villar, María Paulina; Latorre Selvat, Gonzalo Ignacio; Margozzini Maira, Paula; Lyng, Trinidad; Carvajal C., Jorge A.; Campusano Montano, Claudia V.; Arteaga U., Eugenio; Boucai, Laura
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Effects of diabetes definition on global surveillance of diabetes prevalence and diagnosis : a pooled analysis of 96 population-based studies with 331288 participants
    (2015) Danaei, G.; Fahimi, S.; Lu, Y.; Zhou, B.; Hajifathalian, K.; Ferreccio Readi, Catterina; Margozzini Maira, Paula; Miquel P., Juan Francisco; Nervi, Flavio; Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo; Di Cesare, M.; Lo, W.; Reis, B.; Cowan, M.; Shaw, J.; Bentham, J.; Lin, J.; Bixby, H.; Magliano, D.; Bovet, P.; Danaei, G.; Fahimi, S.; Lu, Y.; Zhou, B.; Hajifathalian, K.; Ferreccio Readi, Catterina; Margozzini Maira, Paula; Miquel P., Juan Francisco; Nervi, Flavio; Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo; Di Cesare, M.; Lo, W.; Reis, B.; Cowan, M.; Shaw, J.; Bentham, J.; Lin, J.; Bixby, H.; Magliano, D.; Bovet, P.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Effects of incorporating additional blood pressure measurements during The National Health Survey in Chile
    (2016) Montero Labbé, Joaquín; Mansilla, C.; Margozzini Maira, Paula
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Facilitators and barriers to the adoption of healthy lifestyles after first myocardial infarction in Chile : a qualitative study
    (2015) Bambs S., Claudia; Sgombich, Maria; Leiva, Loreto; Baraona Reyes, Fernando Exequiel; Margozzini Maira, Paula; Pizarro, Claudia; Rojas, Ana
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Hypertension care cascade in Chile : a serial cross-sectional study of national health surveys 2003-2010-2017
    (2020) Passi Solar, Alvaro Rodrigo; Margozzini Maira, Paula; Mindell, Jennifer S.; Ruiz, Milagros; Valencia-Hernández, Carlos A.; Scholes, Shaun
    Abstract Background Trend data on hypertension prevalence and attainment indicators at each step of the care cascade (awareness, treatment, control) are required in Chile. This study aims to quantify trends (2003–2017) in prevalence and in the proportion of individuals with hypertension attaining each step of the care cascade among adults aged 17 years or older, and to assess the impact of lowering the blood pressure (BP) thresholds used to define elevated BP on these indicators. Methods We used data from 2003, 2010, and 2017 Chilean national health surveys. Each year we assessed levels of (1) mean systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, (2) hypertension prevalence (BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg or use of antihypertensive treatment), and (3) awareness, treatment, and control. Logistic regression on pooled data was used to assess trends in binary outcomes; linear regression was used to assess trends in continuous SBP and DBP. We compared levels of hypertension prevalence using two sources to ascertain antihypertensive treatment (self-reported versus medicine inventory). The 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines were used to re-define hypertension using lower thresholds (BP ≥ 130/80 mmHg). Results Hypertension prevalence was 34.0, 32.0 and 30.8% in 2003, 2010 and 2017, respectively. Levels of treated- and controlled-hypertension were significantly higher in 2017 than in 2003 (65% versus 41% for treatment, P < 0.001; 34% versus 14% for control, P < 0.001), while levels of awareness were stable (66% versus 59%, P = 0.130). Awareness, treatment, and control levels were higher among females in 2003, 2010, and 2017 (P < 0.001). Mean SBP and DBP decreased over the 15-year period, except for SBP among females on treatment. Adopting the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines would increase hypertension prevalence by 17 and 55% in absolute and relative terms, respectively. Conclusions Chile has experienced a positive population-wide lowering in blood pressure distribution which may be explained partly by a significant rise in levels of treated- and controlled-hypertension since 2003. Lowering the thresholds used to define elevated BP would substantially increase the financial public health challenge of further improving attainment levels at each step of the care cascade. Innovative and collaborative strategies are needed to improve hypertension management, especially among males.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Laboratory-based and office-based risk scores and charts to predict 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in 182 countries: a pooled analysis of prospective cohorts and health surveys
    (2017) Margozzini Maira, Paula; Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo; Ueda, P.; Woodward, M.; Lu, Y.; Hajifathalian, K.; Aguilar González, Claudio; Ahmadvand, A.; Azizi, F.; Bentham, J.; Cifkova, R.; Di Cesare, M.; Eriksen, L.; Farzadfar, F.; Ferguson, T.; Khalili, D.; Lanska, V.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item