Browsing by Author "Marquez, Katherine"

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    A Past Genetic Bottleneck from Argentine Beans and a Selective Sweep Led to the Race Chile of the Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
    (2024) Arriagada, Osvin; Arevalo, Barbara; Pacheco, Igor; Schwember, Andres R.; Meisel, Lee A.; Silva, Herman; Marquez, Katherine; Plaza, Andrea; Perez-Diaz, Ricardo; Pico-Mendoza, Jose; Cabeza, Ricardo A.; Tapia, Gerardo; Fuentes, Camila; Rodriguez-Alvarez, Yohaily; Carrasco, Basilio
    The domestication process of the common bean gave rise to six different races which come from the two ancestral genetic pools, the Mesoamerican (Durango, Jalisco, and Mesoamerica races) and the Andean (New Granada, Peru, and Chile races). In this study, a collection of 281 common bean landraces from Chile was analyzed using a 12K-SNP microarray. Additionally, 401 accessions representing the rest of the five common bean races were analyzed. A total of 2543 SNPs allowed us to differentiate a genetic group of 165 accessions that corresponds to the race Chile, 90 of which were classified as pure accessions, such as the bean types 'Tortola', 'Sapito', 'Coscorron', and 'Frutilla'. Our genetic analysis indicates that the race Chile has a close relationship with accessions from Argentina, suggesting that nomadic ancestral peoples introduced the bean seed to Chile. Previous archaeological and genetic studies support this hypothesis. Additionally, the low genetic diversity (pi = 0.053; uHe = 0.53) and the negative value of Tajima' D (D = -1.371) indicate that the race Chile suffered a bottleneck and a selective sweep after its introduction, supporting the hypothesis that a small group of Argentine bean genotypes led to the race Chile. A total of 235 genes were identified within haplotype blocks detected exclusively in the race Chile, most of them involved in signal transduction, supporting the hypothesis that intracellular signaling pathways play a fundamental role in the adaptation of organisms to changes in the environment. To date, our findings are the most complete investigation associated with the origin of the race Chile of common bean.
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    Nutritional Characterization of Chilean Landraces of Common Bean
    (2024) Marquez, Katherine; Arriagada, Osvin; Perez-Diaz, Ricardo; Cabeza, Ricardo A.; Plaza, Andrea; Arevalo, Barbara; Meisel, Lee A.; Ojeda, Daniela; Silva, Herman; Schwember, Andres R.; Fuentes, Camila; Flores, Monica; Carrasco, Basilio
    Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the primary grain legume cultivated worldwide for direct human consumption due to the high nutritional value of its seeds and pods. The high protein content of common beans highlights it as the most promising source of plant-based protein for the food industry. Additionally, landraces of common bean have great variability in nutritional traits, which is necessary to increase the nutritional quality of elite varieties. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to nutritionally characterize 23 Chilean landraces and 5 commercial varieties of common bean to identify genotypes with high nutritional value that are promising for the food industry and for genetic improvement programs. The landrace Phv23 ('Palo') was the most outstanding with high concentrations of minerals such as P (7.53 g/kg), K (19.8 g/kg), Mg (2.43 g/kg), Zn (52.67 mg/kg), and Cu (13.67 mg/kg); essential amino acids (364.8 mg/g protein); and total proteins (30.35 g/100 g seed). Additionally, the landraces Phv9 ('Cimarron'), Phv17 ('Juanita'), Phv3 ('Araucano'), Phv8 ('Cabrita/Senorita'), and Phv4 ('Arroz') had a high protein content. The landrace Phv24 ('Peumo') stood out for its phenolic compounds (TPC = 218.1 mg GA/100 g seed) and antioxidant activity (ORAC = 22,167.9 mu mol eq trolox/100 g extract), but it has moderate to low mineral and protein concentrations. In general, the concentration of nutritional compounds in some Chilean landraces was significantly different from the commercial varieties, highlighting their high nutritional value and their potential use for the food industry and for genetic improvement purposes.
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    Thermal treatment under oxidative conditions increases the antioxidant and antiglycation activity of Chilean Tortola beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris)
    (2025) Cruz, Nadia; Basoalto-Cubillos, Aracely; Marquez, Katherine; Nina, Nelida; Vallejos-Almirall, Alejandro; Armijo, Francisco; Schmeda-Hirschmann, Guillermo; Avila, Felipe
    The influence of oxygen on the thermal treatment (TT) of secondary metabolite-enriched extracts (SMEEs) from T & oacute;rtola beans and procyanidin C1 (PC1) on the inhibition of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) generation in proteins was investigated. SMEE was incubated at 4 degrees C (control) or thermally treated at 60 degrees C for 2 h, at either 0 % O-2 (I) or 20 % O-2 (II). Treatments I and II increased the content of procyanidin dimers B2. Treatment II was more effective than the control or treatment I in preventing homocysteine oxidation and AGEs generation. TT of PC1 at 0 % or 20 % O-2 generated procyanidin dimers and tetramers. PC1 TT at 20 % O-2 exhibited higher oxidation potentials and lower IC50 values of fluorescent AGEs than those of controls or TT at 0 % O-2. These findings indicate that SMEE from T & oacute;rtola beans after treatment II changes the degree of polymerization and oxidation procyanidins, thereby increasing their antiglycation activity.