Browsing by Author "Martinez, Carolina"

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    Applicability of spatial prediction models for landslide susceptibility in land-use zoning instruments: a guideline in a coastal settlement in South-Central Chile
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2021) Lopez, Pablo; Quense, Jorge; Henriquez, Cristian; Martinez, Carolina
    Landslide hazard is usually incorporated into land-use planning as susceptibility zoning. Multiple-variable models have been widely used for susceptibility zoning due to their advantage to use different performance techniques to improve their prediction capacity. In Chile, the incorporation of landslide hazard into land-use planning instruments lacks a frame of reference that defines the susceptibility zoning and potential methodologies to be used. To overcome this lack of reference, this study assessed the applicability of Generalized Linear Model (GLM) and Generalized Additive Model (GAM) models in the establishment of susceptibility zoning guidelines. The application of both models identified the areas-prone to landslides in enough detail for a scale k-fold cross-validation, which indicated a slight advantage of the GAM model over the GLM model in susceptibility prediction capacity. The resulting zoning areas for low, moderate, high and very high susceptibility were very similar for the GLM and GAM models.
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    Guidelines of the Chilean Endocrinology Society for the correct clinical use of bone densitometry
    (SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2018) Barberan M, Marcela; Campusano M, Claudia; Trincado M, Patricio; Oviedo G, Sofia; Brantes G, Sergio; Sapunar Z, Jorge; Canessa, Jose; Cid, Pia; Escobar, Freddy; Eugenin, Daniela; Florenzano, Pablo; Gajardo, Hector; Gonzalez, Gilberto; Illanes, Francisca; Jimenez, Beatriz; Martinez, Carolina; Miranda, Edith; Rivera, Sandra; Salman, Patricio; Trejo, Pamela; Velasco, Soledad
    Osteoporosis is a silent and frequent disease, which increases fracture risk Approximately half of women and one of five men over 50 years old will suffer an osteoporotic fracture throughout their lives. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) allows a real bone mineral density (BMD) measurement in different parts of the skeleton and is considered the "gold standard" for quantifying osteoporosis with high accuracy and precision. The Board of the Chilean Society of Endocrinology and Diabetes (SOCHED) required from the Bone Disease Study Group to develop a consensus about the "Correct use of bone densitometry in clinical practice in Chilean population". Therefore, we elaborated 25 questions which addressed key aspects about the indications for a DXA scan, and the details of how to perform and report this test. Since some of the evidence obtained was of low quality or inconclusive, we decided to create a multidisciplinary group of national experts in osteoporosis to develop a consensus in this subject. The group consisted of 22 physicians including endocrinologists, gynecologists, geriatricians, radiologists, rheumatologists and nuclear medicine specialists. Using the Delphi methodology to analyze previously agreed questions, we elaborated statements that were evaluated by the experts who expressed their degree of agreement. The final report of this consensus was approved by the SOCHED board.
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    The generation of new tsunami risk areas due to an intentionally biased reconstruction process: Case study of llico after the 2010 Chile tsunami
    (2020) Aranguiz, Rafael; Martinez, Carolina; Rojas, Octavio; Hoffmann, Constanza; Lopez, Pablo
    Tsunamis are among the most significant hazards in coastal settlements. Mitigation measures have been focused mainly on physical aspects, and few studies have addressed vulnerability and resilience in a multidimensional approach. The main objective of the present work is to assess changes in vulnerability and, consequently, risk, considering a time-space dimension. Three deterministic tsunami scenarios based on historical events were analyzed, and vulnerability analysis with an emphasis on social cohesion and community organization in pre reconstruction (2012) and post-reconstruction (2017) conditions was carried out using physical, socioeconomic and social organization variables. The extreme scenario was found to be a 2010-like tsunami, and high levels of social trust and community cooperation were found in pre-reconstruction conditions, which decreased in post-reconstruction conditions due to the relocation of the affected population to other parts of the region. Therefore, it can be concluded that even though physical aspects are important for improving the livability of an affected place and the quality of life of its inhabitants, intentionally biased reconstruction processes (focused mainly on physical aspects) do not effectively reduce risk. Finally, it is crucial to include social capital and social resilience in public policies to implement more comprehensive and successful reconstruction processes.