Browsing by Author "Mateo Hernández, Camila"

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    Asociación entre bienestar psicológico y adherencia a dieta mediterránea en pacientes chilenos con síndrome metabólico
    (2023) Mateo Hernández, Camila; Berkowitz Fiebich, Loni; Rigotti Rivera, Attilio; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Medicina
    Un estilo de vida mediterráneo abarca aspectos físicos, psicológicos y sociales. La dieta mediterránea ha demostrado evidencia sustancial sobre sus beneficios cardiometabólicos, pero cuenta con pocos estudios de calidad que integren al bienestar psicológico en su evaluación y análisis. Por otra parte, existe evidencia que relaciona la promoción de estados psicológicos positivos a una mayor adherencia a comportamientos de estilo de vida saludables. En base a esto, la hipótesis de este proyecto postula que aquellos individuos con mayor bienestar psicológico tendrán mayor adherencia a dieta mediterránea, y viceversa. Esta propuesta se enmarca en el proyecto ChileMed, investigación que estudia la relación sinérgica entre una intervención nutricional basada en dieta mediterránea y una intervención psicológica centrada en el bienestar, sobre la prevención de enfermedades crónicas en pacientes chilenos con síndrome metabólico. Como objetivo principal, se buscó determinar si existe una asociación basal entre los niveles de bienestar psicológico y adherencia a dieta mediterránea en pacientes chilenos con síndrome metabólico; y como objetivo secundario, determinar si posterior a la intervención en bienestar psicológico se logra aumentar la adherencia a dieta mediterránea a mediano plazo (6 meses) en estos individuos. Se utilizaron datos de aquellos participantes reclutados desde agosto de 2021 hasta septiembre de 2022 al inicio del estudio y secundariamente a un subgrupo con seguimiento a 6 meses de las intervenciones. Para medir el bienestar psicológico, se utilizaron las escalas de Ryff y para medir adherencia a dieta mediterránea se aplicó el índice chileno de dieta mediterránea. Para el análisis estadístico, se realizaron regresiones lineales y comparaciones mediante ANOVA de dos vías con medidas repetidas. Como resultado, se obtuvo una asociación positiva leve entre bienestar psicológico y adherencia a dieta mediterránea a nivel basal, perdió significancia estadística después de corregir por la edad. Tras el período de seguimiento a 6 meses del inicio de la intervención, se observó una tendencia a mayor adherencia al patrón de alimentación mediterráneo en el grupo manejado con dieta mediterránea más bienestar versus la intervención nutricional aislada, pero se requiere un mayor tamaño muestral para alcanzar la significancia estadística. En conclusión, es relevante continuar investigando el rol del bienestar sobre los cambios de estilo de vida como potencial punto de apoyo en la prevención de enfermedades crónicas.
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    Healthy Eating as Potential Mediator of Inverse Association between Purpose in Life and Waist Circumference: Emerging Evidence from US and Chilean Cohorts
    (2023) Berkowitz Fiebich, Loni; Mateo Hernández, Camila; Salazar Vilches, Cristian Javier; Samith Catalán, Bárbara Patricia; Sara Zaror, Daniela Alejandra; Pinto Manzo, Victoria Sabina; Martínez, Ximena; Calzada, Mariana Andrea; Von Schultzendorff Hoyl, Beatriz Andrea; Pedrals, Nuria; Bitrán Carreño, Marcela; Echeverría Errázuriz, Guadalupe; Ruini, Chiara; Ryff, Carol; Rigotti Rivera, Attilio
    High sense of purpose in life, a fundamental domain of eudaimonic well-being, has been consistently associated with lower risk for various obesity-related chronic diseases. Although this psychological feature correlates with some health behaviors as potential mediators, its association with healthy eating remains less explored. In addition, studies of these psycho-behavioral and health relationships in the South American population are lacking. This research sought to assess: (1) the cross-sectional association between self-reported purpose in life and overall healthy eating patterns, and (2) healthy food intake as a potential mediator of the inverse relationship between purpose in life and waist circumference. Data collected of 2060 US adults from the MIDUS study (5 ± 12 years, 55% women, mostly white people, and 42.5% obese) and 223 Chilean adults from the CHILEMED study (46.6 ± 9 years, 58.3% women, and 71.3% obese) were used. Anthropometric and sociodemographic variables were collected. Sense of purpose was assessed using the purpose in life subscale of the Ryff’s psychological well-being questionnaire. Diet quality was evaluated using healthy eating or low-fat diet indexes, according to extant food intake data in each cohort. The relationship between these variables was estimated by bivariate and multivariate linear regressions with appropriate adjustments. To establish whether a better diet quality could mediate a link of purpose in life and improved nutritional status (assessed by waist circumference), the association between these three variables was tested by bootstrapping-based mediation analysis. Our results show significant associations of sense of purpose with healthy eating and low-fat dietary patterns in both US and Chilean cohorts, respectively, even after adjusting for sociodemographic variables. According to the mediation analysis, the relationship between sense of purpose and waist circumference, as an indicator of abdominal obesity, appears to be partially mediated by healthier food intake in both samples. In conclusion, our findings suggest a plausible mechanism underlying the favorable impact of this well-being dimension on physical health. Given its protective effects, interventions aimed at increasing purpose in life may facilitate adherence to better dietary patterns, which, in turn, will reduce the risk for obesity-related chronic diseases.
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    Mediterranean diet and psychological well-being intervention to reverse metabolic syndrome in Chile (CHILEMED trial)
    (2023) Echeverría Errázuriz, Guadalupe; Samith Catalán, Bárbara Patricia; Von Schultzendorff Hoyl, Beatriz Andrea; Pinto Manzo, Victoria Sabina; Martínez Cifuentes, Ximena; Sara Zaror, Daniela Alejandra; Calzada, Mariana; Pacheco Gutiérrez, Josefina; Plaza Paz, Gianella; Scott Escorza, Francesca Angelina; Romero Romero, Javiera Constanza; Mateo Hernández, Camila; Julio Gonzalez, Maria Verónica; Utreras Mendoza, Yildy; Binder Correa, María Victoria; Gutiérrez Medina, Florencia Antonia; Riquelme Stagnaro, María Emilia; Cuevas Guzmán, Margarita María; Willatt, Rosario; Sánchez González, Omayra Margarita De Jesús; Keilendt Astete, Aracelli Tiare; Butron, Patricia; Jarufe Calabrese, Alessandra Antonia; Huete Rubio, Isidora Sofia; Tobar Bavestrello, Josefina Isidora; Martin. Sofía; Alfaro, Valentina; Olivos Celedón, Matilde; Pedrals, Nuria; Bitrán Carreño, Marcela; Ávalos, Ivette; Ruini, Chiara; Ryff, Carol; Pérez Pons, Druso Diego; Berkowitz Fiebich, Loni; Rigotti Rivera, Attilio
    Psychosocial status and lifestyle are key risk factors of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which, in turn, are main drivers of healthcare costs and morbimortality worldwide, including Chile. Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is one of the healthiest dietary patterns under study. However, its impact on high-risk conditions, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS), and NCDs outside the Mediterranean Basin remains mostly unexplored. Even though Central Chile has an environment, food production, and culinary traditions comparable to those present in Mediterranean countries, few studies -some with significant methodological limitations- have evaluated the effect of MedDiet on health and/or disease in Chilean subjects. Importantly, a Mediterranean lifestyle is a modus vivendi that integrates physical health with mental and social well-being. Psychological well-being (PWB) is associated with healthy behaviors, positive health outcomes, and longevity, thereby emerging as a novel healthcare goal. We report here an ongoing randomized controlled clinical trial in Chilean patients with MetS seeking to test whether (1) a PWB theory-based intervention facilitates induction to and increases long-term adherence to a locally adapted MedDiet, and (2) a MedDiet intervention -implemented alone or combined with well-being promotion- is more effective at reversing MetS compared to individuals following a low-fat diet without psychological support. The CHILEan MEDiterranean (CHILEMED) diet intervention study is a 1-year trial including patients with MetS living in Chile. Participants will be assigned randomly by a computer-generated random number sequence to one of the three intervention arms: a) low-fat diet as control group, b) MedDiet alone, and c) MedDiet plus well-being support. Patients will be followed-up by individual and/or group online nutritional sessions or phone cal as well as 6- and 12-month in-person re-assessment of medical history, medication use, food intake, PWB, anthropometrics/physical exam, and blood collection for laboratory analysis. The primary outcome of the trial will be the effect of the MedDiet -with or without PWB intervention- on overall reversal of MetS compared to low-fat diet alone. Based on a statistical superiority trial, expected impact, and patient loss, the estimated study sample is 339 subjects (113 individuals per arm in 3 equal-sized groups). Currently, we have enrolled 179 patients, predominantly women, evenly distributed by age (group means ranging from 45.7 to 48,9 years-old), 3/4 are obese with almost all of them showing abdominal obesity, 70% are hypertensive, whereas <10% exhibit diabetes. If findings turn out as expected (e.g., MedDiet -with or without PWB intervention- is better than the low-fat diet for reversion of MetS at 1-year follow-up), CHILEMED will provide further beneficial evidence of the MedDiet on NCD risk conditions beyond the Mediterranean region.