Browsing by Author "Monsalve M., Mauricio"
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- ItemComparative qualitative and quantitative analyses of the seismic performance of water networks during the Maule 2010, Christchurch 2010-2011, and Tohoku 2011 earthquakes(ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, 2022) Alberto, Yolanda; Llera Martin, Juan Carlos de la; Aguirre Aparicio, Paula; Monsalve M., Mauricio; Molinos Senante, MaríaRecovery of damaged water supply systems after severe earthquakes is one of the priorities to return to normal conditions. Water supply systems are intrinsically interdependent with other important lifelines such as transportation, energy, health care, and industrial sectors. These interdependencies need to be better understood by means of empirical data and analytical models. This paper is primarily of archival nature and describes empirical impact data of large earthquakes in Chile (Maule 2010), New Zealand (Christchurch 2010-2011), and Japan (Tohoku 2011) on their respective drinking water systems, and summarizes damage observations, emergency actions, and restoration processes within a resilience framework focused on metrics of robustness and rapidity. The archival nature of this article is justified by the paramount importance of systematic data collection to improve network resilience for future analytical models that aim to predict the response and recovery of water networks. Moreover, based on the collected data, the effectiveness of response actions and implemented countermeasures are evaluated relative to the observed earthquake performance of the system components. Important observations are derived to understand the main factors causing water supply system outages, the effectiveness of strategies used, and their capacity to restore the service.
- ItemEstimating the impact of earthquake-induced power outages on different economic sectors in Chile(2020) Llera Martin, Juan Carlos de la; Ferrario, Elisa; Monsalve M., Mauricio; Poulos, Alan; Sansavini, GiovanniThe damage induced by strong earthquakes on the components of Electric Power Networks (EPNs) can seriously compromise the ability of these systems to generate and distribute electric power to final users and to interconnected utilities and industries. This results in large-scale impacts across infrastructure systems and economic sectors that rely upon EPNs. The objective of this work is to estimate the economic losses due to the reduction of the Chilean EPN functionality after the occurrence of disruptive seismic events. Economic losses have been estimated, at country and regional level, by applying the following main steps: (1) estimation of ground motion intensity measures for three earthquakes at the location of the EPN system components; (2) evaluation of the physical damage on the EPN system components; (3) evaluation of the EPN system functional consequence; and (4) estimation of the economic impacts on the electricity sectors and on the interconnected economic activities at regional and national level. Results of this analysis allow identifying the most impacted regions on the basis of the most impacted economic activities and can support decision-making for future investments to reduce the economic impacts produced by disruptive seismic events on EPNs and their interdependent industries.
- ItemEvaluating network reduction strategies for consistent risk assessment of critical infrastructures(2020) Llera Martin, Juan Carlos de la; Monsalve M., Mauricio; Ferrario, Elisa; Alberto, Yolanda; Arróspide, Felipe; Castro, Sebastián; Poulos, AlanCritical infrastructure networks are continuously growing, gaining complexity with each urban sprawl, conurbation, technological change, and regulatory update. Consequently, their detailed risk analysis demands large amounts of data, computational resources (required by simulations, optimization, flow equilibria, etc.), and dealing with complex interpretations of the results. This comes with several drawbacks: scarcity of adequately curated data, which instead are usually incomplete and sometimes even incorrect, algorithmic runtime that impairs the full use of Monte Carlo simulations, errors that may propagate extensively, and results that cannot be generalized and extended to other cases. Therefore, researchers have also resorted to analyzing simplified versions of these infrastructure systems. This work evaluates three algorithms for reducing the complexity of infrastructure networks while keeping reasonable accuracy for statistical interpretation. These algorithms transform a detailed graph into a more compact representation, where risk assessments can be performed more easily. The strategies used herein are based on the detection of important edges (backbone detection) and the merging or lumping similar or proximate elements (clustering, contractions). The different complexity reduction algorithms are evaluated on three infrastructure networks, namely: the electric transmission network of Chile, the electric distribution network of the Greater Valparaíso and the drinking water distribution network of the Greater Valparaíso. The experiments show that two of the three graph reduction criteria proposed in this work yield good approximations of the connectivity of the original graphs, when these are reduced to 25% of their size.