Browsing by Author "Nario, Adriana"

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    Absorption and distribution of calcium (Ca-45) applied to the surface of orange (Citrus sinensis) fruits at different developmental stages
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2022) Bonomelli De Pinaga, Claudia María; Fernandez, Victoria; Capurro Marín, Franco Adolfo; Palma Soler, Carola Paz; Videla, Ximena; Rojas Silva, Ximena; Nario, Adriana; Martiz Martiz, Johanna Paola
    In this study, the rate of absorption and transport of calcium (Ca) in orange fruits (Citrus sinensis cv. Fukumoto) after surface treatment with Ca-45 was evaluated by supplying treatments at different dates between fruit set and mid-phase II of growth (i.e., 30, 44, 66 and 99 days after full bloom, DAFB). Ca-45 absorption was always detected, but Ca-45 application at the fruit set was associated with the highest rates of Ca transport into the pulp (39%) compared to the other treatments (17-19%). Scanning electron microscopy SEM) images of the fruit surface showed the occurrence of stomata along with the entire rind at all the developmental stages evaluated. However, from the beginning of stage I, stomata began to collapse and develop plugs, and this became frequent as the fruit age increased. From 44 DAFB, oil gland density increased, and Ca oxalates (CaOx) were found in the fruit flavedo and albedo. Fruit Ca (not labeled) concentration increased from fruit set (30 DAFB) to 99 DAFB, although oil gland formation and rind growth and differentiation likely hindered Ca transport to internal fruit tissues (pulp). The total Ca concentration in the pedicel was always higher than that in the fruit, with no differences between the first three treatments. The information obtained in this study may be essential for improving Ca fertilizer efficacy in citrus by spray applications.
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    Absorption and distribution of root, fruit, and foliar-applied Ca-45 in 'Clemenules' mandarin trees
    (2020) Bonomelli de Pinaga, Claudia María; Fernández, Victoria; Martiz Martiz, Johanna; Videla, Ximena; Arias, María Ignacia; Rojas Silva, Ximena; Nario, Adriana
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    Absorption and mobility of radio-labelled calcium in chili pepper plants and sweet cherry trees
    (2021) Bonomelli de Pinaga, Claudia Maria; Alcalde Eyheramendy, Carolina Maria; Aguilera Jacob, Camila Paula; Videla, Ximena; Rojas-Silva, Ximena; Nario, Adriana; Fernández, Victoria
    Calcium (Ca) is often supplied to crop species to prevent the occurrence of Ca-related disorders. Mechanisms of Ca absorption and transport are not fully understood and the effectiveness of root and/or foliar Ca fertilization may be variable. To characterize the rate of Ca absorption and transport, trials were developed with chili pepper and sweet cherry plants, using (CaCl2)-Ca-45 as a tracer. The Ca treatments supplied were: (1) No Ca-45 (control); (2) Ca-45 soil application; (3) Ca-45 supply to basal leaves, and (4) Ca-45 application to apical leaves. After two months, plants were harvested for biomass and Ca content determination. The recovery of Ca-45 in different plant parts was measured with a liquid scintillation counter and leaf traits were observed by scanning electronic microscopy. In general, the highest Ca-45 concentrations were recovered in treated organs, while root applications led to highest Ca-45 translocation rates, which varied between chili pepper and cherry plants. For chili pepper, Ca-45 applied to the soil was detected mainly in roots (44 %) followed by leaves (36.6 %) stems (17.4 %) and fruits (2 %). In sweet cherry trees, soil-applied Ca-45 was principally recovered in roots (45.3 %), shoots (28.5 %), leaves (14.3 %) and trunks (11.9 %). The results provide evidence of increased absorption of root-applied Ca, as well as different degrees of Ca mobility between species. Foliar application led to major Ca increases in treated leaves, with Ca transported to other plant organs after apical leaf Ca supply chiefly in cherry trees.
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    Calcination Method of Ca-45 Samples for Isotope Ratio Analysis via Liquid Scintillation
    (2019) Videla, Ximena; Rojas Silva, Ximena; Nario, Adriana; Arias, María Ignacia; Bonomelli de Pinaga, Claudia María
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    Newly established blueberry plants. The role of inorganic nitrogen forms in nitrogen and calcium absorption
    (MDPI, 2024) Arias Flores, María Ignacia; Nario, Adriana; Rojas Mego, Krystel Clarissa; Blanc, Poulette; Bonomelli, Claudia
    Efficient nitrogen (N) management is crucial for maximizing the growth of young blueberry plants (Vaccinium corymbosum). This study evaluates the effects of the N fertilization form (ammonium, NH4+; nitrate, or NO3-) and application timing on the blueberries' establishment, N and Ca absorption, and N distribution. The experiment was conducted in the southern hemisphere, in Chile, from October 2023 to January 2024. Six-month-old blueberry cv. Blue Ribbon plants were cultivated in pots. NH4+ and NO3- were used as full or split-dose applications using the 15N isotopic dilution technique. Plant leaves, stems, root growth, and biomass, as well as their N and Ca contents, were measured. Our results showed that 90 days after nitrogen application, blueberry plants obtained the lowest biomass in their leaves, stems, and roots when NO3- was applied in T1 or T1T2. The same pattern was observed for N and Ca contents, hence for N recovery. During the first period (T1) of application, heavy rain (100 mm) was registered over the course of a few days and caused leaching. Therefore, applying nitrate to young blueberry plants cultivated in areas with spring rainfall and low temperatures would not be recommended because the leaching losses and lower growth conditions, such as low temperatures and high precipitation, led to reduced transpiration, resulting in lower calcium and nitrogen contents. These confirm that N fertilization management (form and timing) can ensure a better establishment for young blueberry plants, optimizing their growth and sustainable production by minimizing nitrogen losses.
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    Sweet cherry response in absorption and mobility of 10B applied to soil and flowers under two soil boron conditions
    (2024) Arredondo, Gerado; Bonomelli, Claudia; Nario, Adriana; Rojas-Silva, Ximena; Gaete, Patricia
    Background: Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plants, and B deficiency reduces fruit set in sweet cherry trees. Several studies showed the advantages of foliar and soil B applications in fruit trees, but there is little information on the distribution of B in the plant, becoming an important issue when nutritional corrections are needed. Aims: The study aims to determine B mobility and distribution in sweet cherry trees, applying B-10 to the flowers and soil, at different timings and under two levels of soil B availability. Methods: Two experiments were conducted with sweet cherry trees. In the two previous seasons, the plants were managed in two soil B availability conditions (deficient and adequate). The experiments consisted of the applications of B-10 solution to the flowers and the soil at different timings and under both soil B conditions. Results: Higher B-10 absorption occurred when the B-10 was applied to the soil at full bloom than when it was applied before leaf senescence. Boron was mobilized to all the tissues, but mainly to the leaves. Nevertheless, the fruit presented no differences in B-10 excess for both application timings. Irrespective of soil B conditions, the B-10 applied to the soil at full bloom was absorbed and mobilized to different tissues, that is, roots + rootstock + trunk (39%-44%) and stems + leaves (53%-55%), showing no differences between them. A lower percentage of B was located in the fruit, with 1% and 8% at soil B-deficient and B-adequate conditions, respectively. The highest percentage of the B-10 applied to the flowers remained in the fruit (similar to 70%), and nearly 20% and 10% were mobilized to stems + leaves and roots + rootstock + trunk, respectively, independent of the soil B condition. Conclusions: Boron applied to soil at full bloom or before leaf senescence, under B-deficient soil condition, is absorbed and mobilized to all the plant tissues, enhancing the B status in sweet cherry trees particularly when it is applied at full bloom. However, B soil application before leaf senescence would improve the availability of B (reserves) to the flowers in the following season. Boron applied to the flowers, at full bloom, remains in a high proportion in the fruit, becoming an effective complementary method to meet the fruit demands of the growing season, independent of the soil B conditions.