Browsing by Author "Nazzal, Carolina"

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    Balloon pulmonary angioplasty for the treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
    (SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2019) Sepúlveda Varela, Pablo Andrés; Ortega, Juan; Armijo, German; Torres, Jose; Ramirez, Pablo; Backhouse, Christian; Vargas, Cesar; Lopez, Leonel; Gonzalez, Felipe; Puentes, Angel; Donoso, Hernan; Bellet, Augusto; Godoy, Diego; Araya, Mario; Luz Andrade, Carmen; Pablo Molina, Juan; Nazzal, Carolina
    Background: Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) is a therapeutic alternative for patients with inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Aim: To report the initial experience with the "refined BPA technique" with the use of intravascular images. Patients and Methods: Between June 2015 and June 2016 we selected fourteen patients with CTEPH who were considered candidates for BPA. Lesions targeted for treatment were further analyzed using intravascular imaging with optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI). We report the immediate hemodynamic results and four weeks of follow-up of the first eight patients of this series. Results: We performed 16 BPA in eight patients aged 61 +/- 14 years (88% women). Mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAPm) was 48.6 +/- 5.8 mmHg. Success was achieved in seven patients (88%). A mean of 2.3 segments per patient were intervened in 11 sessions (1.6 sessions/patient). Only one patient developed lung reperfusion injury. No mortality was associated with the procedure. After the last BPA session, PAPm decreased to 37.4 +/- 8.6 mmHg (p=0.02). Pulmonary vascular resistance (RVP) decreased from 858,6 +/- 377,0 at baseline to 516,6 +/- 323,3 Dynes/sec/cm(-5) (p<0.01) and the cardiac index increased from 2.4 +/- 0.6 at baseline to 2.8 +/- 0.3 L/min/m(2) (p=0.01). At 4 weeks after the last BPA, WHO functional class improved from 3.3 +/- 0.5 to 2.5 +/- 0.5 (p<0,01) and six minutes walking distance from 331 +/- 92 to 451 +/- 149 m (p=0.01). Conclusions: BPA guided by OFDI for the treatment of inoperable CTEPH patients is a safe alternative with excellent immediate hemodynamic and clinical results.
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    Health Effects of Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia at a High Altitude among Chilean Miners: Rationale, Design, and Baseline Results of a Longitudinal Study
    (2021) Munoz, Sergio; Nazzal, Carolina; Jimenez, Daniel; Frenz, Patricia; Flores, Patricia; Alcantara-Zapata, Diana; Marchetti, Nella
    Objectives:This study aims to assess the health effects on mining workers of exposure to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) at high- and very high-altitude mining compared with similar work at lower altitudes in Chile, and it also aims to constitute the baseline of a 5-year follow-up study.
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    Smoking Ban Law in Chile: Impact in Newborns' Birth Weight by Women's Age Groups and by City Population Density
    (2022) Valentino, Giovanna; Ortigoza, Ana; Rodriguez Osiac, Lorena; Doberti, Tamara; Mullachery, Pricila; Nazzal, Carolina
    Objectives: We examined the short-term impact of the Smoking Ban Law (SBL) enacted in Chile in 2013 on low birth weight (LBW) rates in cities and its differential effects by different maternal age groups and city density.Methods: We included 885,880 live births from 21 Chilean cities of >= 100,000 inhabitants. We examined the smoking and LBW prevalence distribution before and after the SBL. Through Poisson mixed effect models, we determined whether a meaningful change in LBW rate occurred after SBL implementation in the whole sample and stratified by city population density and maternal age group.Results: LBW prevalence remained stable before and after the SBL implementation (6.1% and 6.3%, respectively), while women's smoking prevalence had a relative reduction of 25.9% (p < 0.00001). No significant changes in LBW rate occurred after the implementation of SBL in the total sample or stratified by city density tertiles or maternal age groups.Conclusion: SBL implementation did not show short-term impact on LBW rate in Chile. Further studies need to examine long-term impact of SBL on low birthweight.