Browsing by Author "Orlando, Laura"

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    Life expectancy and mortality in 363 cities of Latin America
    (2021) Bilal, Usama; Hessel, Philipp; Perez-Ferrer, Carolina; Michael, Yvonne L.; Alfaro, Tania; Tenorio-Mucha, Janeth; Friche, Amelia A. L.; Pina, Maria Fatima; Vives, Alejandra; Quick, Harrison; Alazraqui, Marcio; Rodriguez, Daniel A.; Miranda, J. Jaime; Diez-Roux, Ana V.; Alazraqui, Marcio; Alazraqui, Marcio; Spinelli, Hugo; Guevel, Carlos; Di Cecco, Vanessa; Tisnes, Adela; Leveau, Carlos; Santoro, Adrian; Herkovits, Damian; Trotta, Andres; Aguirre, Patricia; Lopez, Santiago Rodriguez; Tumas, Natalia; Gouveia, Nelson; Mascolli, Maria Antonietta; Slovic, Anne Dorothee; Martins, Lucas Soriano; Kanai, Claudio Makoto; Barreto, Mauricio; Santos, Gervasio; de Freitas, Anderson Dias; De Castro, Caio Porto; Filho, Jose Firmino de Sousa; Bell, Maria Izabel dos Santos; Andrade, Roberto Fernandes Silva; Cardoso, Leticia; Menezes, Mariana Carvalho de; Pina, Maria de Fatima de; Skaba, Daniel Albert; Guimaraes, Joanna Miguez Nery; Matos, Vanderlei Pascoal de; Caiaffa, Waleska Teixeira; Friche, Amelia Augusta de Lima; Andrade, Amanda Cristina de Souza; Vaz, Camila Teixeira; Coelho, Debora Moraes; Sales, Denise Marques; Aguilar, Guilherme Aparecido Santos; Nascimento, Julia de Carvalho; Morais, Lidia Maria de Oliveira; Santos, Mariana de Melo; Silva, Uriel Moreira; Frenz, Patricia; Alfaro, Tania; Cordova, Cynthia; Ruiz, Pablo; Fuentes, Mauricio; Castillo, Marianela; Pedrero, Sebastian; Rodriguez, Lorena; Doberti, Tamara; Vergara, Alejandra Vives; Salazar, Alejandro; Cortinez-O'Ryan, Andrea; Schmitt, Cristian; Gonzalez, Francisca; Baeza, Fernando; Angelini, Flavia; Orlando, Laura; Sarmiento, Olga Lucia; Higuera, Diana; Gonzalez, Catalina; Montes, Felipe; Useche, Andres F.; Guaje, Oscar; Jaramillo, Ana Maria; Guzman, Luis Angel; Cuesta, Diego Lucumi; Guerra, John Alexis; Bonilla, Jorge Alexander; Guzman, Luis Angel; Linares, Mario; Hessel, Philipp; Morales, Ricardo; Triana, Camilo; Wilches, Maria Alejandra; Palacio, Alejandro; Pena, Fabian Camilo; Sabogal, Joaquin Hernando Jaramillo; Lopez, Julieth; Fajardo, Karen; Botero, Marcelo; Cely, Natalia; Martinez, Paola; Moncada, Carlos; Meisel, Jose David; Martinez, Eliana; Kroker-Lobos, Maria Fernanda; Ramirez-Zea, Manuel; Mazariegos, Monica; Morales, Anali; Barrientos-Gutierrez, Tonatiuh; Perez-Ferrer, Carolina; Prado-Galbarro, Javier; Lopez-Olmedo, Nancy Paulina; de Castro, Filipa; Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba; Jauregui, Alejandra; Stern, Dalia; Riojas, Horacio; Texcalac, Jose Luis; Perez, Desiree Vidana; Miranda, J. Jaime; Vasquez, Akram Hernandez; Diez-Canseco, Francisco; Garcia, Lorena Saavedra; Hammond, Ross; Rodriguez, Daniel; Dronova, Iryna; Wang, Xize; Moran, Mika; Zhao, Yuanyuan; Ju, Yang; Delclos-Alio, Xavier; Hovmand, Peter; Ballard, Ellis; Kuhlberg, Jill; Diez-Roux, Ana V.; Auchincloss, Amy; Barber, Sharrelle; Bilal, Usama; Garcia-Espana, Felipe; Langellier, Brent; Lovasi, Gina; McClure, Leslie; Michael, Yvonne; Moore, Kari; Ortigoza, Ana; Quick, Harrison; Quistberg, D. Alex; Sanchez, Brisa N.; Stankov, Ivana; Tapia-Granados, Jose; Yamada, Goro; Rodriguez-Hernandez, Jordan; Melly, Steve; Avila-Palencia, Ione; Kephart, Josiah; Mullachery, Pricila; Trejo, Bricia; Braverman, Ariela; Fry, Dustin; Henson, Rosie Mae; Martinez-Folgar, Kevin; Slesinski, S. Claire; Indvik, Katherine; Bolinaga, Andrea
    The concept of a so-called urban advantage in health ignores the possibility of heterogeneity in health outcomes across cities. Using a harmonized dataset from the SALURBAL project, we describe variability and predictors of life expectancy and proportionate mortality in 363 cities across nine Latin American countries. Life expectancy differed substantially across cities within the same country. Cause-specific mortality also varied across cities, with some causes of death (unintentional and violent injuries and deaths) showing large variation within countries, whereas other causes of death (communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional, cancer, cardiovascular disease and other noncommunicable diseases) varied substantially between countries. In multivariable mixed models, higher levels of education, water access and sanitation and less overcrowding were associated with longer life expectancy, a relatively lower proportion of communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional deaths and a higher proportion of deaths from cancer, cardiovascular disease and other noncommunicable diseases. These results highlight considerable heterogeneity in life expectancy and causes of death across cities of Latin America, revealing modifiable factors that could be amenable to urban policies aimed toward improving urban health in Latin America and more generally in other urban environments.
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    The Regeneración Urbana, Calidad de Vida y Salud - RUCAS project: a Chilean multi-methods study to evaluate the impact of urban regeneration on resident health and wellbeing
    (2021) Baeza Rivas, Fernando; Vives Vergara, Alejandra; González López, Francisca Teresa; Orlando, Laura; Valdebenito, Roxana; Cortínez-O’Ryan, Andrea; Slesinski, Claire; Diez Roux, Ana V.; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Abstract Background The available evidence of the health effects of urban regeneration is scarce In Latin America, and there are no studies focused on formal housing that longitudinally evaluate the impact of housing and neighborhood interventions on health. The “Regeneración Urbana, Calidad de Vida y Salud” (Urban Regeneration, Quality of Life, and Health) or RUCAS project is a longitudinal, multi-method study that will evaluate the impact of an intervention focused on dwellings, built environment and community on the health and wellbeing of the population in two social housing neighborhoods in Chile. Methods RUCAS consists of a longitudinal study where inhabitants exposed and unexposed to the intervention will be compared over time within the study neighborhoods (cohorts), capitalizing on interventions as a natural experiment. Researchers have developed a specific conceptual framework and identified potential causal mechanisms. Proximal and more distal intervention effects will be measured with five instruments, implemented pre- and post-interventions between 2018 and 2021: a household survey, an observation tool to evaluate dwelling conditions, hygrochrons for measuring temperature and humidity inside dwellings, systematic observation of recreational areas, and qualitative interviews. Survey baseline data (956 households, 3130 individuals) is presented to describe sociodemographics, housing and health characteristics of both cohorts, noting that neighborhoods studied show worse conditions than the Chilean population. Discussion RUCAS’ design allows for a comprehensive evaluation of the effects that the intervention could have on various dimensions of health and health determinants. RUCAS will face some challenges, like changes in the intervention process due to adjustments of the master plan, exogenous factors –including COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns– and lost to follow-up. Given the stepped wedge design, that the study capitalizes on within household changes over time, the possibility of adjusting data collection process and complementarity of methods, RUCAS has the flexibility to adapt to these circumstances. Also, RUCAS’ outreach and retention strategy has led to high retention rates. RUCAS will provide evidence to inform regeneration processes, highlighting the need to consider potential health effects of regeneration in designing such interventions and, more broadly, health as a key priority in urban and housing policies.