Browsing by Author "Ortiz, Manuel"

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    Deterioration, decay and identification of fungi isolated from wooden structures at the Humberstone and Santa Laura saltpeter works: A world heritage site in Chile
    (ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2014) Ortiz, Rodrigo; Navarrete, Hugo; Navarrete, Jose; Parraga, Mario; Carrasco, Ivo; de la Vega, Eduardo; Ortiz, Manuel; Herrera, Paula; Blanchette, Robert A.
    The use of wood in construction has been part of mankind's history but wood placed into the environment is affected by biotic and abiotic agents and is degraded over time. Even in extreme environments, such as dry desert sites, deterioration of wood can take place. One site located in the Atacama Desert in northern Chile is the Humberstone and Santa Laura saltpeter works where offices and other structures were built of wood. Founded in 1872, the Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2005 for its historic significance. Since significant deterioration in the wooden buildings has taken place, investigations were initiated to better understand the degradation underway so conservation efforts to protect the historic buildings can be developed. The objectives of this study were to identify the type of deterioration and decay taking place and to isolate and identify fungi from wood samples of structural elements at both sites. Samples of deteriorated wood showed extensive degradation that resulted in a defibration of the wood. The middle lamella between cells was degraded and remaining secondary walls separated due to high concentrations of salts. This resulted in a serious corrosion of the exterior layers of wood cells. Although high salts inhibit fungi, many different fungi were isolated. Sequencing of the ITS region of the rDNA was used and fungi were identified as Penicillium chrysogenum, Engyodontium album, Eupenicillium tropicum, Penicillium digitatum, Pseudotaeniolina globosa, Cladosporium phaenocomae, Aureobasidium pullulans, Penicillium virgatum, Coprinopsis sp. and Phanerochaete sordida. Several of these fungi appear to be halophilic. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Investigations of Biodeterioration by Fungi in Historic Wooden Churches of Chilo,, Chile
    (SPRINGER, 2014) Ortiz, Rodrigo; Parraga, Mario; Navarrete, Jose; Carrasco, Ivo; de la Vega, Eduardo; Ortiz, Manuel; Herrera, Paula; Jurgens, Joel A.; Held, Benjamin W.; Blanchette, Robert A.
    The use of wood in construction has had a long history and Chile has a rich cultural heritage of using native woods for building churches and other important structures. In 2000, UNESCO designated a number of the historic churches of Chilo,, built entirely of native woods, as World Heritage Sites. These unique churches were built in the late 1700 s and throughout the 1800 s, and because of their age and exposure to the environment, they have been found to have serious deterioration problems. Efforts are underway to better understand these decay processes and to carryout conservation efforts for the long-term preservation of these important structures. This study characterized the types of degradation taking place and identified the wood decay fungi obtained from eight historic churches in Chilo,, seven of them designated as UNESCO World Heritage sites. Micromorphological observations identified white, brown and soft rot in the structural woods and isolations provided pure cultures of fungi that were identified by sequencing of the internal transcribed region of rDNA. Twenty-nine Basidiomycota and 18 Ascomycota were found. These diverse groups of fungi represent several genera and species not previously reported from Chile and demonstrates a varied microflora is causing decay in these historic buildings.
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    Understanding national trends in COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy in Canada – April 2020 to March 2021
    (2021) Lavoie, Kim L.; Gosselin‐Boucher, Vicent; Stojanovic, Jovana; Gupta, Samir; Gagne, Myriam; Joyal-Desmarais, Keven; Seguin, Katherine; Sheinfield‐Gorin, Samir; Voisard, Brigitte; Vallis, Michael; Corace, Kim; Presseau, Justin; Bacon, Simon L.; Vally, Zahir; Losada, Analía Verónica; Boyle, Jacqueline; Enticott, Joanne; Shawon, Shajedur Rahman; Teede, Helena; Kautzky‐Willer, Alexandra; Dash, Arobindu; Cornelio, Marilia Estevam; Karsten, Marlus; Matte, Darlan Lauricio; Abou‐Setta, Ahmed; Aaron, Shawn; Alberga, Angela; Barnett, Tracie; Barone, Silvana; Bélanger‐Gravel, Ariane; Bernard, Sarah; Birch, Lisa Maureen; Bondy, Susan; Booij, Linda; Borgès Da Silva, R.; Bourbeau, Jean; Burns, Rachel; Campbell, Tavis; Carlson, Linda; Corace, Kim; Drouin, Olivier; Ducharme, Francine; Farhadloo, Mohsen; Falk, Carl; Fleet, Richard; Fournier, Michel; Garber, Gary; Gauvin, Lise; Gordon Jennifer, Gair Marian; Grad, Roland; Hellemans, Kim; Herba, Catherine; Hwang, Heungsun; Jedwab, Jack; Kakinami, Lisa; Kennedy, Erick; Kim, Sunmee; Liu, Joanne; Norris, Colleen; Pelaez, Sandra; Pilote, Louise; Poirier, Paul; Presseau, Justin; Puterman, Eli; Rash, Joshua; Ribeiro Fernandes, Paula; Sadatsafavi, Mohsen; Chaudhuri, Paramita Saha; Suarthana, Eva; Tse, Sze Man; Bronfman Caceres, Nicolas; Ortiz, Manuel; Repetto Lisboa, Paula Beatriz; Lemos‐Hoyos, Mariantonia; Kassianos, Angelos; Rod, Naja Hulve; Beraneck, Mathie; Ninot, Gregory; Ditzen, Beate; Kubiak, Thomas; Codjoe, Sam; Kpobi, Lily; Laar, Amos; Devi, Naorem Kiranmala; Meitei, Sanjenbam; Nethan, Suzanne Tanya; Pinto, Lancelot; Saraswathy, Kallur Nava; Tumu, Dheeraj; Lestari, Silviana; Wangge, Grace; Byrne, Molly; Durand, Hannah; McSharry, Jennifer; Meade, Oonagh; Molloy, Gerry; Noone, Chris; Levine, Hagai; Zaidman‐Zait, Anat; Boccia, Stefania; Hoxhaj, Ilda; Paduano, Stefania; Raparelli, Valeria; Zaçe, Drieda; Aburub, Ala'S; Akunga, Danie; Ayah, Richard; Barasa, Chris; Godia, Pamela Miloya; Kimani‐Murage, Elizabeth W.; Mutuku, Nicholas; Mwoma, Teresa; Naanyu, Violet; Nyamari, Jackim; Oburu, Hildah; Olenja, Joyce; Ongore, Disma; Ziraba, Abdhalah; Bandawe, Chiwoza; Yim, Loh Siew; Herbert, Andrea; Liggett, Daniela; Ajuwon, Ademola; Shar, Nisar Ahmed; Usmani, Bilal Ahmed; Bartolini Martínez, Rosario Mercedes; Creed‐Kanashiro, Hilary; Simão, Paula; Rutayisire, Pierre Clave; Bari, Abu Zeeshan; Nagyova, Iveta; Bantjes, Jason; Barnes, Brendon; Coetzee, Bronwyne; Khagee, Ashraf; Mothiba, Tebogo; Roomaney, Rizwana; Swartz, Leslie; Cho, Juhee; Lee, Man‐gyeong; Berman, Anne; Stattin, Nouha Saleh; Fischer, Susanne; Hu, Debbie; Kara, Yasin; Şimşek, Ceprail; Üzmezoğlu, Bilge; Isunju, John Bosco; Mugisha, James; Byrne‐Davis, Lucie; Griffiths, Paula; Hart, Joanne; Johnson, Will; Michie, Susan; Paine, Nicola; Petherick, Emily; Sherar, Lauren; Bilder, Robert M.; Burg, Matthew; Czajkowski, Susan; Freedland, Ken; Holman, Alison; Lee, Jiyoung; Lopez Salinas, Gilberto Manuel; Naar, Sylvie; Okun, Michele; Powell, Lynda; Pressman, Sarah; Revenson, Tracey; Ruiz, John; Sivaram, Sudha; Thrul, Johannes; Trudel‐Fitzgerald, Claudia; Yohannes, Abehaw; Navani, Rhea; Ranakombu, Kushnan; Neto, Daisuke Hayashi; Ben‐Porat, Tair; Dragomir, Anda; Gagnon‐Hébert, Amandine; Gemme, Claudia; Boucher, Vincent Gosselin; Jamil, Mahrukh; Käfer, Lisa Maria; Vieira, Ariany Marques; Tasbih, Tasfia; Trottier, Maegan; Woods, Robbie; Yousefi, Reyhaneh; Roslyakova, Tamila; Priesterroth, Lilli; Edelstein, Shirly; Goldfrad, Tanya; Snir, Ruth; Uri, Yifat; Alyami, Mohsen; Sanuade, Comfort; Vojvodic, Katarina; Crescenzi, Olivia; Warkentin, Kyle; Grinko, Katya; Angne, Lalita; Jain, Jigisha; Mathur, Nikita; Mithe, Anagha; Nethan, Tanya
    Objective: Key to reducing COVID‐19 morbidity and mortality and reducing the need for further lockdown measures in Canada and worldwide is widespread acceptance of COVID‐19 vaccines. Vaccine hesitancy has emerged as a key barrier to achieving optimal vaccination rates, for which there is little data among Canadians. This study examined rates of vaccine hesitancy and their correlates among Canadian adults. Methods: This study analyzed data from five age, sex and province‐weighted population‐based samples to describe rates of hesitancy between April 2020 and March 2021 among Canadians who completed online surveys as part of the iCARE Study, and various sociodemographic, clinical and psychological correlates. Vaccine hesitancy was assessed by asking: “If a vaccine for COVID‐19 were available today, what is the likelihood that you would get vaccinated?” Responses were dichotomized into ‘very likely’, ‘unlikely’, ‘somewhat unlikely’ (reflecting some degree of vaccine hesitancy) vs ‘extremely likely’ to get the vaccine, which was the comparator. Results: Overall, 15,019 respondents participated in the study. A total of 42.2% of respondents reported vaccine hesitancy over the course of the study, which was lowest during surveys 1 (April 2020) and 5 (March 2021) and highest during survey 3 (November 2020). Fully adjusted multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that women, those aged 50 and younger, non‐Whites, those with high school education or less, and those with annual household incomes below the poverty line in Canada (i.e., $60,000) were significantly more likely to report being vaccine hesitant over the study period, as were essential and healthcare workers, parents of children under the age of 18, and those who do not get regular flu vaccines. Believing engaging in infection prevention behaviours (like vaccination) is important for reducing virus transmission and high COVID‐19 health concerns (being infected and infecting others) were associated with 77% and 54% reduction in vaccine hesitancy, respectively, and having high personal financial concerns (worried about job or income loss) was associated with 1.33 times increased odds of vaccine hesitancy. Conclusion: Results point to the importance of targeting vaccine efforts to women, younger people and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups, and that vaccine messaging should emphasize the benefits of getting vaccinated, and how the benefits (particularly to health) far outweigh the risks. Future research is needed to monitor ongoing changes in vaccine intentions and behaviour, as well as to better understand motivators and facilitators of vaccine acceptance, particularly among vulnerable groups. The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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    Validation of the Spanish version of the Eating Disorders Diagnostic Scale
    (SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2012) Silva, Jaime R.; Behar, Rosa; Cordella, Patricia; Ortiz, Manuel; Jaramillo, Karina; Alvarado, Ruben; Jose Jorquera, Maria
    Background: The Eating Disorders Diagnostic Scale (EDDS) is a self-administered low cost psychometric instrument with excellent levels of temporal reliability and validity. Aim: To adapt and validate the EDDS in Chile. Material and Methods: The factorial structure, internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the Spanish-language version of the EDDS was analyzed in a sample of 1964 university and high school students. The concurrent validity was tested in a sample of 50 primary care patients with ED and 59 controls, comparing its results with those of a structured psychiatric interview (CIDI). Results: The EDDS showed a high internal consistency, moderate test-retest reliability, an appropriate factorial structure (in women) and an excellent convergent validity. Also, the diagnosis of ED obtained with the EDDS is moderately consistent with the structured psychiatric interview. Conclusions: The Spanish-language version of the EDDS showed a satisfactory psychometric behavior and a good capacity for detecting ED, according to the DSM criterion. (Rev Med Chile 2012; 140: 1562-1570).