Browsing by Author "Repetto, Paula"
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- ItemDiseño y validación del instrumento SALUFAM: Un instrumento de valoración de la salud familiar con alto valor predictivo clínico para la atención primaria chilena(2012) Püschel, Klaus; Repetto, Paula; Solar, María Olga; Soto, Gabriela; González, KarlaBackground: There is a paucity of screening instruments with a high clinical predictive value to identify families at risk and therefore, develop focused interventions in primary care. Aim: To develop an easy to apply screening instrument with a high clinical predictive value to identify families with a higher health vulnerability. Material and Methods: In the first stage of the study an instrument with a high content validity was designed through a review of existent instruments, qualitative interviews with families and expert opinions following a Delphi approach of three rounds. In the second stage, concurrent validity was tested through a comparative analysis between the pilot instrument and a family clinical interview conducted to 300families randomly selected from a population registered at a primary care clinic in Santiago. The sampling was blocked based on the presence of diabetes, depression, child asthma, behavioral disorders, presence of an older person or the lack of previous conditions among family members. The third stage, was directed to test the clinical predictive validity of the instrument by comparing the baseline vulnerability obtained by the instrument and the change in clinical status and health related quality of life perceptions of the family members after nine months of follow-up. Results: The final SALUFAM instrument included 13 items and had a high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha: 0.821), high test re-test reproducibility (Pearson correlation: 0.84) and a high clinical predictive value for clinical deterioration (Odds ratio: 1.826; 95% confidence intervals: 1.101-3.029). Conclusions: SALUFAM instrument is applicable, replicable, has a high content validity, concurrent validity and clinical predictive value.
- ItemPerception of smoking rates and its relationship with cigarette use among Chilean adolescents(SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2012) Repetto, Paula; Bernales, MargaritaBackground: Cigarette smoking among adolescents is a major health problem in Chile, which is determined by several factors. Among these, it is important the role of perceived norms regarding cigarette use among peers and the general population. Aim: To study the social norms about the perceived prevalence of smoking and its relationship with cigarette smoking among Chilean adolescents. Material and Methods: Participants were 480 adolescents of educational institutions from the South-East area of the Metropolitan Region, who completed a questionnaire that included questions regarding cigarette use and the perceived prevalence of cigarette use among peers and adults. Results: Adolescents overestimated the percentage of smokers compared to national statistics regarding their peers and adult population. The perception of adolescents regarding the rates of use among peers predicted both current and future use. Conclusions: Cigarette smoking is influenced by perceived norms regarding use and, despite the current smoking restrictions in place, youth continue to perceive that smoking is a common behavior. (Rev Med Chile 2012; 140: 740-745).
- ItemPROMOTION OF CIGARETTES AMONG CHILEAN MAGAZINES FOR FEMALES: WHAT ARE THE MESSAGES ABOUT SMOKING?(SPRINGER, 2012) Repetto, Paula; Cabieses, Baltica; Bernales, Margarita; Vanderbloemen, Laura; Mediano, Fernanda
- ItemSTATE ANXIETY COULD INCREASE DISCRIMINATION IN HUMAN FEAR CONDITIONING(2019) Quezada-Scholz, Vanetza; Mallea, Jorge; Repetto, PaulaEvidence has shown that individuals with anxiety disorders show more intense fear responses to both stimuli signaling threat and stimuli representing safety. The latter often causes difficulty to learn fear inhibition. This study aimed to assess the role of state anxiety in fear acquisition and extinction. During fear conditioning, geometric figures served as conditioned stimuli and a mild electric shock as unconditioned stimulus. Unconditioned stimulus expectancy ratings were used to assess fear. Results showed that high state anxiety is associated with higher responses to stimuli predicting the aversive stimulus and lower responses to stimuli not predicting it, suggesting that individuals in a high anxiety state have a larger fear activation to danger cues and lower activation to safety cues.
- ItemThe ABCDE psychological first aid intervention decreases early PTSD symptoms but does not prevent it: results of a randomized-controlled trial(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2022) Figueroa, Rodrigo Andres; Cortes, Paula Francisca; Marin, Humberto; Verges, Alvaro; Gillibrand, Rodrigo; Repetto, PaulaBackground Early Psychological First Aid (PFA) has been widely recommended for preventing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, its lack of empirical evidence of safety and effectiveness has been criticized. Objectives To assess the effectiveness of PFA-ABCDE, an original PFA protocol, for preventing PTSD one month after the intervention and decreasing PTSD symptoms at one and six months of follow up. Methods We assessed the eligibility of 1,140 adult survivors of recent trauma (<= 72 hours) consulting five emergency departments in Chile. Two hundred twenty-one were randomized to receive either PFA-ABCDE (active listening, breathing retraining, categorization of needs, referral to ancillary services, and psychoeducation) or only psychoeducation. We used the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) to assess PTSD diagnosis. The Posttraumatic Checklist (PCL), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and a 0-10 points analogue visual scale were used to assess PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, and immediate distress relief after the intervention. Results We found no difference between the experimental and control groups in the frequency of PTSD one month after the intervention (PFA-ABCDE = 23/76 [30.3%], psychoeducation = 18/75 [24.0%], adjusted odds ratio = 1.39, 95% confidence interval = 0.63-3.07, p = .408). Immediately after the intervention, participants who received PFA-ABCDE reported greater distress relief (PFA-ABCDE mean = 9.06, psychoeducation mean = 8.55, Cohen's d = 0.30, p = .038). Fewer PTSD symptoms were reported by those who received PFA-ABCDE one month after the intervention (PFA-ABCDE mean = 36.26, psychoeducation mean = 43.62, Cohen's d = 0.42, p = .033). We found no difference in depressive symptoms at one-month follow up (p = .713) nor in PTSD symptoms six months after the intervention (p = .986). Conclusions PFA-ABCDE does not prevent PTSD diagnosis, but it provides immediate distress relief and decreases PTSD symptoms in the short term.
- ItemVolvamos Juntos: evaluation of the implementation of a Social Health Intervention to mitigate the impact of Covid-19 in businesses in Antofagasta, Chile(2025) Sapag Muñoz, Jaime; Molina Aiquel, Mónica; Martínez Pérez, Mayra; Cordón Slowing, Paola; Cespedes Maturana, Patricio Ignacio; Concha, Mauro; Fuentes, Marcelo; Fernández, Andrea; Zuzulich Pavéz, María Soledad; Repetto, Paula; Echeverría Errázuriz, Guadalupe; Cáceres, Hernán; Peñaloza Hidalgo, Blanca ElviraAbstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact not only on healthcare but also on labor and socioeconomic sectors worldwide, leading to the development of strategies to mitigate the crisis’ widespread repercussions. In Antofagasta, Chile, an innovation project entitled Volvamos Juntos (“Let’s Return Together”) was developed to support a diverse group of micro and small businesses. The project consisted of accompanying companies in the process of reopening safely and included interventions ranging from educating and testing employees for COVID-19 to developing protocols to avoid contagion and other preventive measures. The evaluation of the project’s implementation is presented here. Methods A mixed-methods, collaborative study was conducted, adhering to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and Proctor’s Implementation Outcomes, with an online survey, interviews, and focus groups with businesses’ representatives, the implementation team, and program stakeholders. Quantitative analyses were descriptive: frequencies and means were calculated, along with dispersion measures as appropriate, and in some cases, ANOVA tests were performed to assess differences. Qualitative information was processed with content analysis. Finally, an integrated hybrid analysis was conducted, guided by the study’s objectives and theoretical framework. Results A total of 156 leaders from 203 participating businesses answered the online survey (response rate: 76.8%), and 46 people participated in the qualitative component (31 in interviews, 15 in focus groups). Overall, the program’s implementation according to different CFIR dimensions and certain outcomes was evaluated satisfactorily. In the survey, 96.7% participants rated the program’s suitability as satisfactory to maximum (grades 5 to 7 out of 7), 92.3% rated the feasibility with an average of 6.0, 97.4% rated the sustainability with an average of 5.9, and 94.3% indicated that they would favorably recommend (grades 6 or 7) the program to other institutions. Strengths and weaknesses were identified, and lessons learned include the need to plan for changing contexts, the relevance of collaborative and interdisciplinary work, and the importance of flexible support processes that promote autonomy and sustainability. Conclusions Volvamos Juntos met its proposed implementation objectives, despite several challenges. Reflections from this innovative social health program are relevant for the development of other interventions in times of crisis. Trial registration N/A.