DSpace Angular :: Browsing by Author "Rigotti Rivera, Attilio Gianpietro"

Browsing by Author "Rigotti Rivera, Attilio Gianpietro"

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Assessment of Diet Quality in Chilean Urban Population through the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010: A Cross-Sectional Study
(2019) Pinto Manzo, Victoria Sabina; Landaeta-Díaz, Leslie; Castillo, Oscar; Villarroel Del Pino, Luis Antonio; Rigotti Rivera, Attilio Gianpietro; Echeverría Errázuriz, Guadalupe
Most worldwide causes of disease and death are strongly associated with dietary factors and the application of eating indexes has proved to be a useful tool to determine diet quality in populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diet quality in Chile through the application of the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010). A representative sample (n = 879) of Chilean urban population aged 15-65 years old from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (Estudio Latinoamericano de Nutricion y Salud; ELANS) was used. Dietary intake data were obtained through two 24-hour food recalls and one beverage frequency questionnaire, which were used to calculate AHEI-2010 and its association with sociodemographic and anthropometric variables. In this Chilean sample, the AHEI-2010 score was 43.7 +/- 7.8 points (mean +/- SD). Trans fats and sodium intake were the highest scoring AHEI-2010 components whereas sugar-sweetened beverages and whole grains had the lowest score. Women, older subjects, and individuals in medium-high socioeconomic levels had significantly higher mean AHEI-2010 scores. No association was found between AHEI-2010 and body mass index (BMI), or nutritional status. Conclusions: Diet quality in the Chilean urban population aged 15-65 years old is far from optimal. Thus, there is room for significant improvement of diet quality in Chile through design and implementation of public health policies, particularly in high-risk groups for chronic diseases.
Biliary aminopeptidase-N and the cholesterol crystallization defect in cholelithiasis
(British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 1995) Núñez, L.; Amigo Boker, Ludwig Peter; Mingrone, G.; Rigotti Rivera, Attilio Gianpietro; Puglielli, L.; Raddatz Echavarría, Alejandro; Pimentel González, Eduardo Fernando; Greco, A.; González, S.; Garrido Negri, Jorge; Miquel Poblete, Juan Francisco; Nervi Oddone, Flavio; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Departamento de Gastroenterología y Centro para la Prevención y tratamiento del Cáncer Digestivo; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
Several biliary proteins have cholesterol crystallisation promoting activity. One of these glycoproteins is aminopeptidase-N, a canalicular ectoenzyme. This study attempted to localise aminopeptidase-N along the biliary tree, to assess its concentration in a series of 98 patients subjected to abdominal surgery, 40 of them without gap stones, and to correlate its concentration with cholesterol crystal formation time of gall bladder bile. Aminopeptidase-N was isolated from purified native biliary vesicles. A specific polyclonal rabbit anti-aminopeptidase-N antibody was prepared for quantitative immunoblotting and for immunolocalisation. Tissue was obtained from liver biopsy specimens and from gall bladders removed at surgery because of gall stone disease. Aminopeptidase-N was immunolocalised to the apical membranes of hepatocytes and to the apical pole of ductular and gall bladder mucosal cells. The nucleation time of gall bladder bile was mean (SD) 4 (3) days in the gall stone group, compared with 21 (18) days in the control group (p < 0.001). Total absolute biliary protein and aminopeptidase-N concentrations were similar in both the control and gall stone patients. There was a reciprocal significant correlation, however, between the nucleation time and the relative aminopeptidase-N concentration (r = -0.35, p < 0.01) only in the gall stone group of patients, This study shows that this apical transmembrane ectoenzyme with cholesterol crystallisation promoting activity is present along the biliary tree and the hepatocyte. These findings support the concept that high concentrations or qualitative changes of biliary aminopeptidase-N contribute to cholesterol gall stone formation.
Cholesterol saturation, not proteins or cholecystitis, is critical for crystal formation in human gallbladder bile
(W. B. Saunders Co., 1998) Miquel Poblete Juan Francisco; Nuñez, Liliana; Amigo Boker, Ludwig Peter; González Bombardiere, Sergio Javier; Raddatz Echavarría, Alejandro; Rigotti Rivera, Attilio Gianpietro; Nervi Oddone, Flavio
Biliary proteins are promoters of cholesterol crystallization in artificial model bile. However, their pathogenic importance for cholesterol precipitation in native gallbladder bile (GB) is uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of biliary lipids and proteins on cholesterol crystal detection time (ChCDT) of GB in patients with gallstones. Methods: ChCDT and concentrations of lipids, albumin, mucins, aminopeptidase N, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin, and immunoglobulins (Igs) were measured in GB of 92 patients, 52 of whom had cholesterol gallstones. Results: ChCDT was markedly reduced in gallstone patients. Compared with patients without gallstones, they had a significant increase in cholesterol saturation and total protein, albumin, mucin, and IgG biliary concentrations. In univariate analysis, ChCDT of GB was significantly correlated with cholesterol saturation and total lipid, protein, Ig, aminopeptidase N, and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein concentrations. However, stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that only cholesterol saturation independently correlated to ChCDT. Gallbladder inflammation correlated with the concentration of Igs, but subtraction of IgG from GB did not modify the ChCDT. Conclusions: Biliary cholesterol transport and saturation, but not proteins, appear critical for the cholesterol crystallization abnormality observed in native bile from patients with gallstones.
Determinants of transhepatic cholesterol flux and their relevance for gallstone formation
(2009) Zanlungo Matsuhiro, Silvana; Rigotti Rivera, Attilio Gianpietro
Cholesterol available for bile secretion is controlled by a wide variety of proteins that mediate lipoprotein cholesterol uptake and cholesterol transport and metabolism in the liver. From a disease perspective, abnormalities in the transhepatic traffic of cholesterol from plasma into the bile may influence the risk of cholesterol gallstone formation. This review summarizes some recent progress in understanding the hepatic determinants of biliary cholesterol secretion and its potential pathogenic implications in cholesterol gallstone disease. This information together with new discoveries in this field may lead to improved risk evaluation, novel surrogate markers and earlier diagnosis, better preventive approaches and more effective pharmacological therapies for this prevalent human disease.
Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
(Nature Portfolio, 2023) Berrios Carrasola, Ximena; Echeverría Errázuriz, Guadalupe; Ferreccio Readi, Fresia Catterina; Margozzini Maira, Paula Andrea; Miquel Poblete, Juan Francisco; Nervi Oddone, Flavio; Rigotti Rivera, Attilio Gianpietro; Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo Sergio; Mishra, A.; Zhou, B.; Rodríguez-Martínez, A.; Bixby, H.; Singleton, R. K.; Carrillo-Larco, R. M.; Sheffer, K. E.; Paciorek, C. J.; Bennett, J. E.; Lhoste, V.; Lurilli, M. L.; Di Cesare, M.
Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1,2,3,4,5,6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
El síndrome metabólico: de factor agravante a principal factor de riesgo patogénico en diversas enfermedades crónicas
(2010) Von Bernhardi Montgomery, Rommy Edth B.; Zanlungo Matsuhiro, Silvana; Arrese Jiménez, Marco Antonio; Arteaga Llona, Antonio Alberto; Rigotti Rivera, Attilio Gianpietro
In recent years, a rapidly increasing number of studies have focused on the association between metabolic syndrome and several chronic diseases. However, it is difficult to determine a well defined pathogenic relationship, due to the etiological heterogeneity and comorbidities of these diseases. Research efforts are aiming to identify the convergent biological mechanisms that mediate the effects of hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. All these conditions define the metabolic syndrome, that increases the risk for several diseases. The knowledge of these biological mechanisms associated with this syndrome will elucidate the pathogenic association between a variety of chronic diseases, including its pathogenic link with cardiovascular diseases and the most common forms of dementia. The development of new therapeutic and preventive strategies for these diseases will be a corollary of this research.
HDL receptor SR-BI and cholesterol gallstones
(2002) Rigotti Rivera, Attilio Gianpietro; Miquel Poblete, Juan Francisco; Wang DQH; Zanlungo S
Hepatic cholesterol transport from plasma into bile: implications for gallstone disease
(2004) Zanlungo Matsuhiro, Silvana; Rigotti Rivera, Attilio Gianpietro; Nervi Oddone, Flavio
Purpose of reviewThe transhepatic traffic of cholesterol from plasma lipoproteins into the bile is critical for overall cholesterol homeostasis and its alterations may lead to cholesterol gallstone formation. This review summarizes recent progress in understanding the key hepatic cholesterol metabolism-related proteins and pathways that influence biliary secretion of cholesterol.Recent findingsIn cholesterol-fed apolipoprotein E knockout mice, the availability of dietary cholesterol for biliary disposal is decreased and diet-induced gallstone formation is impaired. Scavenger receptor class B type I is relevant for cholesterol transport from plasma HDL into the bile in chow-fed mice, however its expression is not critical for biliary cholesterol secretion and gallstone formation in lithogenic diet-fed mice. Intrahepatic cholesterol transport proteins (e.g. sterol carrier protein-2, Niemann Pick type C-1 protein) also determine liver cholesterol available for biliary secretion in mice. Genetic manipulation of canalicular ATP-binding cassette transporter G5 and G8 expression in mice has established their essential role for biliary cholesterol secretion.SummaryRecent studies have underscored that different proteins involved in hepatic cholesterol transport regulate the availability of cholesterol for biliary secretion. These advances may provide new avenues for prevention and treatment of various disease conditions linked to abnormal cholesterol metabolism.
Impaired biliary cholesterol secretion and decreased gallstone formation in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed a high-cholesterol diet
(2000) Amigo Boker, Ludwig Peter; Quiñones, Verónica; Mardones, Pablo; Zanlungo Matsuhiro, Silvana; Miquel Poblete, Juan Francisco; Nervi Oddone, Flavio; Rigotti Rivera, Attilio Gianpietro
Background & aimsBecause apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a key cholesterol transport molecule involved in the hepatic uptake of chylomicron cholesterol, it may play a critical role in controlling bile cholesterol elimination and cholesterol gallstone formation induced by dietary cholesterol. To test this hypothesis, we studied biliary lipid secretion and gallstone formation in apoE-deficient mice fed cholesterol-rich diets.MethodsBile lipid outputs and gallstone sequence events were analyzed in apoE-deficient mice fed a high-cholesterol diet or a lithogenic diet compared with control animals.ResultsA high-cholesterol diet increased biliary cholesterol secretion and gallbladder bile cholesterol concentration in wild-type mice; the increase in bile cholesterol secretion was significantly attenuated in apoE-deficient mice. ApoE knockout mice fed a high-cholesterol lithogenic diet had a markedly lower frequency of gallbladder bile cholesterol crystal and gallstone formation than wild-type mice, which was most likely a result of the decreased cholesterol saturation index found in gallbladder bile of apoE-deficient mice.ConclusionsThese results show that apoE expression is an important factor for regulating both biliary secretion of diet-derived cholesterol as well as diet-induced cholesterol gallstone formation in mice.
[Molecular biology and medicine: basic concepts]
(1999) Zanlungo Matsuhiro, Silvana; Rigotti Rivera, Attilio Gianpietro; Arrese Jiménez, Marco Antonio
Through the advancements of molecular genetics, physicians and researchers are in an extraordinary period of study concerning the molecular basis of medicine. Molecular biology is making a tremendous impact on both diagnosis and treatment of diseases through the clinical introduction of molecular methods. These techniques, restricted for many years to basic biological research, include the polymerase chain reaction, DNA and protein electrophoresis, cloning of genes into viral or bacterial vectors and methods to rapidly sequence DNA and identify mutations. In this article the authors attempt to provide basic concepts on these themes for the non-trained physicians in order to help them to understand recent developments and foresee their future implications.
Sphingolipid profiling as a biomarker of type 2 diabetes risk: evidence from the MIDUS and PREDIMED studies
(Springer Nature, 2024) Berkowitz Fiebich Loni; Razquin, Cristina; Salazar Vilches, Cristian Javier; Biancardi Roman, Fiorella Carinna; Estruch, Ramón; Ros, Emilio; Fitó, Montserrat; Corella, Dolores; Coe, Christopher L.; Ryff, Carol D.; Ruiz-Canela, Miguel; Salas-Salvado, Jordi; Wang, Daniel; Hu, Frank B.; Deik, Amy; Martínez-González, Miguel A.; Rigotti Rivera, Attilio Gianpietro
Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has become a worldwide pandemic. While ceramides may serve as intermediary between obesity-related lipotoxicity and T2D, the relationship with simple glycosphingolipids remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to characterize the associations between blood glycosphingolipid and ceramide species with T2D and to identify a circulating sphingolipid profile that could serve as novel biomarker for T2D risk. Methods Cross-sectional relationship between sphingolipid levels, insulin resistance, and T2D prevalence were evaluated in 2,072 American adults from MIDUS cohort. Prospectively, the association between sphingolipid species and the incidence of T2D was analyzed using a case-cohort design nested within the PREDIMED trial (250 cases and a random sample of 692 participants, with 3.8 years of median follow-up). Circulating levels of sphingolipid species in both populations were measured using LC/MS. Hazard ratios were estimated with weighted Cox regression models using Barlow weights. Results In American adults, only CER18:0 and CER22:0 were linked to insulin resistance and a higher prevalence of T2D. Conversely, three lactosylceramides (LCER 14:0, 16:0, and 24:1) showed a strong inverse relationship with both insulin resistance and T2D. These findings led to development of two sphingolipid scores. In the prospective analysis, these scores consistently predicted a reduced risk of T2D incidence in PREDIMED (HR: 0.64, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.94 and 0.58, 0.40 to 0.85 respectively) between extreme quartiles, with 5-year absolute risk differences of 9.6% (95% CI: 0.3–20.5%) and 11.4% (1.0–21.6%). They were validated in the same trial with samples obtained after 1 year of follow-up. Conclusions Our findings support the potential usefulness of circulating sphingolipid profiles as novel biomarkers for T2D risk. Moreover, this study opens the door for future research on the predictive value and possible protective roles of lactosylceramides in T2D. Graphical abstract
Sphingolipid Profiling: A Promising Tool for Stratifying the Metabolic Syndrome-Associated Risk
(Frontiers Media SA, 2022) Berkowitz Fiebich, Loni; Cabrera Reyes, Fernanda Estefania; Salazar Vilches, Cristian Javier; Ryff, Carol D.; Coe, Christopher; Rigotti Rivera, Attilio Gianpietro
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multicomponent risk condition that reflects the clustering of individual cardiometabolic risk factors related to abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. MetS increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there still is not total clinical consensus about the definition of MetS, and its pathophysiology seems to be heterogeneous. Moreover, it remains unclear whether MetS is a single syndrome or a set of diverse clinical conditions conferring different metabolic and cardiovascular risks. Indeed, traditional biomarkers alone do not explain well such heterogeneity or the risk of associated diseases. There is thus a need to identify additional biomarkers that may contribute to a better understanding of MetS, along with more accurate prognosis of its various chronic disease risks. To fulfill this need, omics technologies may offer new insights into associations between sphingolipids and cardiometabolic diseases. Particularly, ceramides -the most widely studied sphingolipid class- have been shown to play a causative role in both T2DM and CVD. However, the involvement of simple glycosphingolipids remains controversial. This review focuses on the current understanding of MetS heterogeneity and discuss recent findings to address how sphingolipid profiling can be applied to better characterize MetS-associated risks.
STARTing to understand MLN64 function in cholesterol transport
(2010) Rigotti Rivera, Attilio Gianpietro; Cohen, David E.; Zanlungo Matsuhiro, Silvana
The ABCs of biliary cholesterol secretion and their implication for gallstone disease
(2003) Zanlungo Matsuhiro, Silvana; Miquel Poblete, Juan Francisco; Rigotti Rivera, Attilio Gianpietro; Nervi Oddone, Flavio

Browsing by Author "Rigotti Rivera, Attilio Gianpietro"

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