Browsing by Author "Rivera, Javier"

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    Toward sustainability and resilience in Chilean cities: Lessons and recommendations for air, water, and soil issues
    (2023) Simon, François; Gironás León, Jorge Alfredo; Rivera, Javier; Vega, Alejandra; Arce, Guillermo; Molinos Senante, María; Jorquera, Héctor; Flamant, Gilles; Bustamante Gómez, Waldo; Greene, Margarita; Vargas Cucurella, Ignacio Tomás; Suárez Poch, Francisco Ignacio; Pastén González, Pablo Arturo; Cortés Arancibia, Sandra; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Achieving sustainability and resilience depends on the conciliation of environmental, social, andeconomic issues integrated into a long-term perspective to ensure communities flourish. Manynations are transitioning toward both objectives, while at the same time addressing structuralconcerns that have not allowed them to look after the environment in the past. Chile is one ofthese nations dealing with such challenges within a particular administrative context, anincreasing environmental awareness, and a set of unique and complex geophysical boundariesthat impose a plethora of hazards for cities, ecosystems, and human health. This paper presentsrecent accomplishments and gaps, mostly from an environmental perspective, on issues related toair pollution, the urban water cycle, and soil contamination, in the path being followed by Chiletoward urban sustainability and resilience. The focus is on the bonds between cities and theirgeophysical context, as well as the relationships between environmental issues, the built environment, and public health. The description and diagnosis are illustrated using two cities as casestudies, Temuco and Copiapo, ´ whose socioeconomic, geographical, and environmental attributesdiffer considerably. Particulate matter pollution produced by the residential sector, drinkingwater availability, wastewater treatment, stormwater management, and soil contamination fromthe mining industry are discussed for these cities. Overall, the case studies highlight how tacklingthese issues requires coordinated actions in multiple areas, including regulatory, information, and financial incentive measures. Finally, the policy analysis discusses frameworks and opportunitiesfor Chilean cities, which may be of interest when conceiving transitional paths toward sustainability and resilience for other cities elsewhere.
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    Using expert knowledge to propose recreational marine reef-fish management measures in Chile
    (2024) Estevez, Rodrigo A.; Godoy, Natalio; Araya, Miguel; Azocar, Cristian; de la Barra, Christian; Bardi, Francisca; Fernandez-Urzua, Francisco; Garcia, Marcelo; Hiriart-Bertrand, Luciano; Lomonico, Serena; Medina, Marianela; Naretto, Javier; Ojeda, F. Patricio; Pequeno, German; Ponce, Francisco; Pulgar, Jose; Perez-Matus, Alejandro; Rivera, Javier; Smith, Andres; Toro Da Ponte, Jorge; Torres-Canete, Felipe; Vasquez, Julio A.; Gelcich, Stefan
    Marine recreational fisheries often lack necessary information to perform assessments and develop sustainable management strategies. In Chile, although reef-fish fisheries have been signaled as overexploited, there are still no commercial or recreational regulations regarding bans, catch limits, or size limits. We implemented an expert elicitation protocol to propose management measures to regulate recreational reef-fish harvests of 17 reef-fish species. Sixteen experts estimated minimum legal sizes, temporal closures, and maximum number of individuals harvested per person per trip (known as "bag limits"). Experts also prioritized management measures for each of 17 reef-fish species. Maximum number of individuals harvested per person per trip varied between 1 and 7. In addition, permanent bans were recommended for some species, such as acha (Medialuna ancietae), pejeperro (Semicossyphus darwini), and San Pedro (Oplegnathus insignis). We concluded that information gathered through expert elicitation can play a key role to inform data-poor recreational fishery management. Expert elicitation protocols that include iterative process, based on individual estimates and an open expert discussion phase, provide the necessary enabling environment to identify a variety of management measures. While future challenges include the development of mechanisms to promote acceptability and compliance for recreational fisheries management, the approach presented here is important to initiate much needed discussions.