Browsing by Author "Rivera Jofré, Felipe Andrés"

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    Healthcare network’s response and resilience in Iquique after the 2014, Pisagua earthquake
    (National Information Centre of Earthquake Engineering, 2017) Vásquez, Andrea; Rivera Jofré, Felipe Andrés; Llera Martin, Juan Carlos de la; Mitrani-Reiser, Judith
    On April 1st, 2014, the 8.2 Mw Pisagua earthquake affected the population in the north of Chile and generated disruption of services in the region. The largest effects of the earthquake were observed in the city of Iquique, capital of the Tarapaca Region, where more than 80% of the population of the region lives. This research describes the response of the public healthcare network of Iquique after the earthquake, and aims to identify the principal factors contributing to the network resilience during the early response and recovery phase after the earthquake. Despite the large magnitude of the earthquake, the observed structural damage was minor in the five healthcare centers considered (i.e., the regional hospital and 4 Primary Healthcare Attention Centers, PHACs). However, disruption of services in the healthcare network was large and due mainly to the collapse of non-structural components. Overall, the proper response of the healthcare network of Iquique was heavily supported by the PHACs, which largely provided first-aid, containment, and low-complexity attention to the population, allowing the hospital to focus on more complex procedures. The findings of this study suggest that the resilience of the healthcare network system, besides the robustness of the network’s facilities and their critical units, is also highly dependent on the interrelations and interactions between them in early post-earthquake recovery phases.
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    Impact on chilean hospitals following the 2015 Illapel earthquake
    (National Information Centre of Earthquake Engineering, 2017) Favier, Philomène; Rivera Jofré, Felipe Andrés; Poulos Campbell, Alan John; Vásquez P., Jorge; Llera Martin, Juan Carlos de la; Mitrani-Reiser, Judith
    In a post-disaster environment, hospitals play a critical role in healthcare services continuities to the population while effectively coping with eventual losses of functionality. These losses come from physical damage to the facility, loss of utility lifelines, failure in supply chains, and reduction of personnel. However, data describing the detailed performance of hospitals during past earthquakes are scarce. Consequently, following the 2015 Mw 8.3 Illapel earthquake in central Chile, an exhaustive field campaign was carried out in the Coquimbo region to collect substantial perishable data to describe physical damage to hospitals and functionality losses. This study presents first the baseline information obtained in nine surveyed government hospitals, including size, location and type of infrastructure. Then, the seismic impact was analyzed and classified to show the main physical structural and non-structural damage, lifeline interruptions, losses in hospital units, and variations in flow of patients and staff. Transfers, discharges and evacuations of patients that occurred after the event were also reported. We found that the earthquake did not affect strongly the healthcare service despite the fact that most of the structural and non-structural damage was localized in the largest regional hospital. The archival nature of the data collected may deepen our understanding of the post-earthquake healthcare system performance, which is very useful in improving disaster preparation and overall resilience.
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    Reconnaissance observations by CIGIDEN after the 2015 Illapel, Chile earthquake and tsunami
    (National Information Centre of Earthquake Engineering, 2017) Rivera Jofré, Felipe Andrés; Jünemann Ureta, Rosita; Candia, Gabriel A.; Favier, Philomène; Fernández Soto, Claudio; Chacón de la Cruz, Matías Fernando Nicolás; Hube Ginestar, Matías Andrés; Chamorro Giné, Marcela Alondra; Aguirre Aparicio, Paula; Llera Martin, Juan Carlos de la; Poulos Campbell, Alan John; Illapel earthquake; Critical infrastructure
    This paper describes the reconnaissance work conducted by researchers from the National Research Center for Integrated Natural Disaster Management (CIGIDEN) between September 23rd and October 2nd in the area affected by the Mw 8.3 Illapel megathrust earthquake, which struck offshore the coast of the Coquimbo Region in central Chile on September 16th, 2015. A first team focused on the seismic performance and effects of the tsunami on public hospitals and on reinforced concrete (RC) buildings. A second team focused on the road network infrastructure. Field work included: (i) a survey on the physical and functional damages of the public hospitals in the Region; (ii) a visual inspection and preliminary damage assessment of 20 RC buildings in the largest cities of the region and an aftershock instrumentation of the Coquimbo hospital; and (iii) the inspection of bridges, pedestrian bridges, and rockfall along overstepped cut slopes of the road network. The overall limited impact of this megathrust earthquake may be explained in part by the long-term efforts made by the country to prepare for such events. Learnings from the 2010 Maule earthquake were evidenced in the successful evacuation along the coast of the country, and the overall good performance of engineered masonry structures, and of RC buildings designed after 2010.
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    The 2010 Chile Earthquake: a five-year reflection
    (Australian Earthquake Engineering Society, 2015) Llera Martin, Juan Carlos de la; Mitrani-Reiser, Judith; Rivera Jofré, Felipe Andrés; Fortuño, C.; Jünemann Ureta, Rosita; Poulos Campbell, Alan John; Vásquez P., Jorge
    At 3:34AM local time, on February 27th, 2010, a moment magnitude Mw 8.8 megathrust earthquake struck offshore the coast of Chile. The earthquake ruptured a 540 by 200 km mature seismic gap of the underlying subduction pacific plate interlocking mechanism. More than 75% of the 16 million Chileans spread over several large urban areas in the center-south of the country were affected by the earthquake, which caused 521 fatalities with 124 of them due to the tsunami, and an overall damage estimate of USD 30 billion. Because the earthquake struck the most densely populated area of the country, it represents a very unique opportunity to reflect on its ubiquitous impact over many different physical and social systems. The reflection contained in this article occurs five years later, once reconstruction and recovery are complete from this longitudinal wound of the country. Seismic codes have changed, research on the supposedly indestructible reinforced concrete shear walls has been done, new seismic protection technologies have been incorporated, and whole new seismic standards have been adopted by communities and people. The price it took was quite high, but we can confidently say that Chile is better prepared today for the next large earthquake.