Browsing by Author "Simonetti, Franco"

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    Affective Interpersonal Touch in Close Relationships: A Cross-Cultural Perspective
    (2021) Sorokowska, Agnieszka; Saluja, Supreet; Sorokowski, Piotr; Frackowiak, Tomasz; Karwowski, Maciej; Aavik, Toivo; Akello, Grace; Alm, Charlotte; Amjad, Naumana; Anjum, Afifa; Asao, Kelly; Atama, Chiemezie S.; Atamturk Duyar, Derya; Ayebare, Richard; Batres, Carlota; Bendixen, Mons; Bensafia, Aicha; Bizumic, Boris; Boussena, Mahmoud; Buss, David M.; Butovskaya, Marina; Can, Seda; Cantarero, Katarzyna; Carrier, Antonin; Cetinkaya, Hakan; Chabin, Dominika; Conroy-Beam, Daniel; Contreras-Graduno, Jorge; Varella, Marco Antonio Correa; Cueto, Rosa Maria; Czub, Marcin; Dronova, Daria; Dural, Seda; Duyar, Izzet; Ertugrul, Berna; Espinosa, Agustin; Esteves, Carla Sofia; Guemaz, Farida; Hal'amova, Maria; Herak, Iskra; Hromatko, Ivana; Hui, Chin-Ming; Jaafar, Jas Laile; Jiang, Feng; Kafetsios, Konstantinos; Kavcic, Tina; Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen; Kervyn, Nicolas O.; Khilji, Imran Ahmed; Koebis, Nils C.; Kostic, Aleksandra; Lang, Andras; Lennard, Georgina R.; Leon, Ernesto; Lindholm, Torun; Lopez, Giulia; Manesi, Zoi; Martinez, Rocio; McKerchar, Sarah L.; Mesko, Norbert; Misra, Girishwar; Monaghan, Conal; Mora, Emanuel C.; Moya-Garofano, Alba; Musil, Bojan; Natividade, Jean Carlos; Nizharadze, George; Oberzaucher, Elisabeth; Oleszkiewicz, Anna; Onyishi, Ike Ernest; Ozener, Baris; Pagani, Ariela Francesca; Pakalniskiene, Vilmante; Parise, Miriam; Pazhoohi, Farid; Pejicic, Marija; Pisanski, Annette; Pisanski, Katarzyna; Plohl, Nejc; Popa, Camelia; Prokop, Pavol; Rizwan, Muhammad; Sainz, Mario; Salkicevic, Svjetlana; Sargautyte, Ruta; Sarmany-Schuller, Ivan; Schmehl, Susanne; Shahid, Anam; Shaikh, Rizwana; Sharad, Shivantika; Siddiqui, Razi Sultan; Simonetti, Franco; Tadinac, Meri; Ugalde Gonzalez, Karina; Uhryn, Olga; Vauclair, Christin-Melanie; Vega Araya, Luis Diego; Widarini, Dwi Ajeng; Yoo, Gyesook; Zadeh, Zainab Fotowwat; Zat'kova, Marta; Zupancic, Maja; Croy, Ilona
    Interpersonal touch behavior differs across cultures, yet no study to date has systematically tested for cultural variation in affective touch, nor examined the factors that might account for this variability. Here, over 14,000 individuals from 45 countries were asked whether they embraced, stroked, kissed, or hugged their partner, friends, and youngest child during the week preceding the study. We then examined a range of hypothesized individual-level factors (sex, age, parasitic history, conservatism, religiosity, and preferred interpersonal distance) and cultural-level factors (regional temperature, parasite stress, regional conservatism, collectivism, and religiosity) in predicting these affective-touching behaviors. Our results indicate that affective touch was most prevalent in relationships with partners and children, and its diversity was relatively higher in warmer, less conservative, and religious countries, and among younger, female, and liberal people. This research allows for a broad and integrated view of the bases of cross-cultural variability in affective touch.
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    Assortative mating and the evolution of desirability covariation
    (2019) Conroy-Beam, Daniel; Roney, James R.; Lukaszewski, Aaron W.; Buss, David M.; Asao, Kelly; Sorokowska, Agnieszka; Sorokowski, Piotr; Aavik, Toivo; Akello, Grace; Simonetti, Franco; Alhabahba, Mohammad Madallh; Alm, Charlotte; Amjad, Naumana; Anjum, Afifa; Atama, Chiemezie S.; Duyar, Derya Atamtürk; Ayebare, Richard; Batres, Carlota; Bendixen, Mons; Bensafia, A.; Bertoni, A.; Bizumic, B.; Boussena, M.; Butovskaya, M.; Can, S.; Cantarero, K.; Carrier, A.; Cetinkaya, H.; Croy, I.; Cueto, RM.; Czub, M.; Donato, S.; Dronova, D.; Dural, S.; Duyar, I.; Ertugrul, B.; Espinosa, A.; Estevan, I.; Esteves, CS.; Fang, LX.; Frackowiak, T.; Garduno, JC.; González, KU.; Guemaz, F.; Gyuris, P.; Halamova, M.; Herak, I.; Horvat, M.; Hromatko, I.; Hui, CM.; Iafrate, R.; Jaafar, JL.; Jiang, F.; Kafetsios, K.; Kavcic, T.; Kennair, LEO.; Kervyn, N.; Ha, TTK.; Khilji, IA.; Kobis, NC.; Lan, HM.; Lang, A.; Lennard, GR.; Leon, E.; Lindholm, T.; Linh, TT.; López, G.; Luot, NV.; Mailhos, A.; Manesi, Z.; Martínez, R.; McKerchar, SL.; Mesko, N.; Misra, G.; Monaghan, C.; Mora, EC.; Moya-Garofano, A.; Musil, B.; Natividade, JC.; Niemczyk, A.; Nizharadze, G.; Oberzaucher, E.; Oleszkiewicz, A.; Omar-Fauzee, MS.; Onyishi, IE.; Ozener, B.; Pagani, AF.; Pakalniskiene, V.; Parise, M.; Pazhoohi, F.; Pisanski, A.; Pisanski, K.; Ponciano, E.; Popa, C.; Prokop, P.; Rizwan, M.; Sainz, M.; Salkicevic, S.; Sargautyte, R.; Sarmany-Schuller, I.; Schmehl, S.; Sharad, S.; Siddiqui, RS.; Stoyanova, SY.; Tadinac, M.; Varella, MAC.; Vauclair, CM.; Vega, LD.; Widarini, DA.; Yoo, G.; Zatkova, M.; Zupancic, M
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    Conservatism Negatively Predicts Creativity: A Study Across 28 Countries
    (2024) Groyecka-Bernard, Agata; Sorokowski, Piotr; Karwowski, Maciej; Roberts, S. Craig; Aavik, Toivo; Akello, Grace; Alm, Charlotte; Amjad, Naumana; Asao, Kelly; Atama, Chiemezie S.; Duyar, Derya Atamturk; Ayebare, Richard; Batres, Carlota; Bensafia, Aicha; Bertoni, Anna; Bizumic, Boris; Boussena, Mahmoud; Buss, David M.; Butovskaya, Marina; Can, Seda; Carrier, Antonin; Cetinkaya, Hakan; Conroy-Beam, Daniel; Varella, Marco Antonio Correa; Croy, Ilona; Cueto, Rosa Maria; Czerwonka, Marta; Czub, Marcin; Donato, Silvia; Dronova, Daria; Dural, Seda; Duyar, Izzet; Ertugrul, Berna; Espinosa, Agustin; Esteves, Carla Sofia; Frackowiak, Tomasz; Gajda, Aleksandra; Galewska-Kustra, Marta; Graduno, Jorge Contreras; Guemaz, Farida; Hromatko, Ivana; Hui, Chin-Ming; Herak, Iskra; Iafrate, Raffaella; Jaafar, Jas Laile; Jankowska, Dorota M.; Jiang, Feng; Kafetsios, Konstantinos; Kavcic, Tina; Kervyn, Nicolas O.; Kobis, Nils C.; Lebuda, Izabela; Lennard, Georgina R.; Leon, Ernesto; Lindholm, Torun; Alhabahba, Mohammad Madallh; Manesi, Zoi; McKerchar, Sarah L.; Misra, Girishwar; Monaghan, Conal; Mora, Emanuel C.; Moya-Garofano, Alba; Musil, Bojan; Natividade, Jean Carlos; Nizharadze, George; Oberzaucher, Elisabeth; Oleszkiewicz, Anna; Omar Fauzee, Mohd Sofian; Onyishi, Ike E.; Ozener, Baris; Pazhoohi, Farid; Perun, Mariia; Pisanski, Annette; Pisanski, Katarzyna; Ponciano, Edna Lucia Tinoco; Popa, Camelia; Prokop, Pavol; Rizwan, Muhammad; Salkicevic, Svjetlana; Schmehl, Susanne; Senyk, Oksana; Sharad, Shivantika; Simonetti, Franco; Tadinac, Meri; Ugalde Gonzalez, Karina; Uhryn, Olha; Vauclair, Christin-Melanie; Vega, Diego; Weremczuk-Marczynska, Ewa; Widarini, Dwi Ajeng; Yoo, Gyesook; Zupancic, Maja; Anjum, Afifa; Shahid, Anam; Sorokowska, Agnieszka
    Previous studies have found a negative relationship between creativity and conservatism. However, as these studies were mostly conducted on samples of homogeneous nationality, the generalizability of the effect across different cultures is unknown. We addressed this gap by conducting a study in 28 countries. Based on the notion that attitudes can be shaped by both environmental and ecological factors, we hypothesized that parasite stress can also affect creativity and thus, its potential effects should be controlled for. The results of multilevel analyses showed that, as expected, conservatism was a significant predictor of lower creativity, adjusting for economic status, age, sex, education level, subjective susceptibility to disease, and country-level parasite stress. In addition, most of the variability in creativity was due to individual rather than country-level variance. Our study provides evidence for a weak but significant negative link between conservatism and creativity at the individual level (beta = -0.08, p < .001) and no such effect when country-level conservatism was considered. We present our hypotheses considering previous findings on the behavioral immune system in humans.
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    Contrasting Computational Models of Mate Preference Integration Across 45 Countries
    (2019) Conroy Beam, D.; Buss, D. M.; Asao, K.; Sorokowska, A.; Sorokowski, P.; Aavik, T.; Akello, G.; Alhabahba, M. M.; Alm, C.; Simonetti, Franco; Amjad, N.; Anjum, A.; Atama, C. S.; Duyar, D. A.; Ayebare, R.; Batres, C.; Bendixen, M.; Bensafia, A.; Bizumic, B.; Boussena, M.; Butovskaya, M.; Can, S.; Cantarero, K.; Carrier, A.; Cetinkaya, H.; Croy, I.; Cueto, R. M.; Czub, M.; Dronova, D.; Dural, S.; Duyar, I.; Ertugrul, B.; Espinosa, A.; Estevan, I.; Esteves, C. S.; Fang, L. X.; Frackowiak, T.; Garduno, J. C.; González, K. U.; Guemaz, F.; Gyuris, P.; Halamova, M.; Herak, I.; Horvat, M.; Hromatko, I.; Hui, C. M.; Jaafar, J. L.; Jiang, F.; Kafetsios, K.; Kavcic, T.; Kennair, L. E. O.; Kervyn, N.; Ha, T.T-K.; Khilji, I. A.; Kobis, N-C.; Lan, H. M.; Lang, A.; Lennard, G. R.; Leon, E.; Lindholm, T.; Linh, T. T.; López, G.; Van Luot, N. V.; Mailhos, A.; Manesi, Z.; Martínez, R.; McKerchar, SL.; Mesko, N.; Misra, G.; Monaghan, C.; Mora, EC.; Moya-Garofano, A.; Musil, B.; Natividade, JC.; Niemczyk, A.; Nizharadze, G.; Oberzaucher, E.; Oleszkiewicz, A.; Omar-Fauzee, M. S.; Onyishi, I. E.; Ozener, B.; Pagani, A. F.; Pakalniskiene, V.; Parise, M.; Pazhoohi, F.; Pisanski, A.; Pisanski, K.; Ponciano, E.; Popa, C.; Prokop, P.; Rizwan, M.; Sainz, M.; Salkicevic, S.; Sargautyte, R.; Sarmany-Schuller, I.; Schmehl, S.; Sharad, S.; Siddiqui, R. S.; Stoyanova, S. Y.; Tadinac, M.; Varella, M. A- C.; Vauclair, C. M.; Vega, L. D.; Widarini, D. A.; Yoo, G.; Zat'kova, M.; Zupancic, M
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    Electrophysiological evidence of different interpretative strategies in irony comprehension
    (2007) Cornejo, Carlos; Simonetti, Franco; Aldunate, Nerea; Ibanez, Agustin; Lopez, Vladimir; Melloni, Lucia
    We explore the hypothesis that induction of holistic or analytic strategies influences comprehension and processing of highly contextualized expressions of ordinary language, such as irony. Twenty undergraduate students were asked to categorize as coherent or incoherent a group of sentences. Each sentence completed a previous story, so that they could be ironical, literal or nonsensical endings. Participants were asked to evaluate whether each sentence was coherent or incoherent. Half of them were initially instructed to consider whether the sentences made sense (holistic condition); the other half were instructed to consider whether the sentences were congruent or incongruent (analytic condition). Behavioral responses and Event Related Potentials were registered during the experiment. Both behavioral and electrophysiological results allow clearly distinguishing between the holistic and the analytic strategies. The fact that the same set of stimuli elicits different ERP waveforms, depending on the strategy with which they are analyzed, suggests that different cognitive processes and different areas of the brain are operating in each case.
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    Gender Stereotypes of Personality : Universal and Accurate?
    (2014) Löckenhoff, Corinna E.; Chan, Wayne; McCrae, Robert R.; De Fruyt, Filip; Jussim, Lee; De Bolle, Marleen; Costa Jr., Paul T.; Sutin, Angelina R.; Alcalay S., Lidia; Simonetti, Franco
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    Gesture and metaphor comprehension: Electrophysiological evidence of cross-modal coordination by audiovisual stimulation
    (ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 2009) Cornejo, Carlos; Simonetti, Franco; Ibanez, Agustin; Aldunate, Nerea; Ceric, Francisco; Lopez, Vladimir; Nunez, Rafael E.
    In recent years, studies have suggested that gestures influence comprehension of linguistic expressions, for example, eliciting an N400 component in response to a speech/gesture mismatch. In this paper, we investigate the role of gestural information in the understanding of metaphors. Event related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while participants viewed video clips of an actor uttering metaphorical expressions and producing bodily gestures that were congruent or incongruent with the metaphorical meaning of such expressions. This modality of stimuli presentation allows a more ecological approach to meaning integration. When ERPs were calculated using gesture stroke as time-lock event, gesture incongruity with metaphorical expression modulated the amplitude of the N400 and of the late positive complex (LPC). This suggests that gestural and speech information are combined online to make sense of the interlocutor's linguistic production in an early stage of metaphor comprehension. Our data favor the idea that meaning construction is globally integrative and highly context-sensitive. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Highlights from the 1st ISCB Latin American Student Council Symposium 2014
    (2014) Olguin Orellana, Gabriel J.; Parra, R. G.; Simonetti, Franco; Hasenahuer, Marcia A.; Shanmugam, Avinash K.
    Abstract This report summarizes the scientific content and activities of the first edition of the Latin American Symposium organized by the Student Council of the International Society for Computational Biology (ISCB), held in conjunction with the Third Latin American conference from the International Society for Computational Biology (ISCB-LA 2014) in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, on October 27, 2014.Abstract This report summarizes the scientific content and activities of the first edition of the Latin American Symposium organized by the Student Council of the International Society for Computational Biology (ISCB), held in conjunction with the Third Latin American conference from the International Society for Computational Biology (ISCB-LA 2014) in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, on October 27, 2014.
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    Love and affectionate touch toward romantic partners all over the world
    (2023) Sorokowska, Agnieszka; Kowal, Marta; Saluja, Supreet; Aavik, Toivo; Alm, Charlotte; Anjum, Afifa; Asao, Kelly; Batres, Carlota; Bensafia, Aicha; Bizumic, Boris; Boussena, Mahmoud; Buss, David. M. M.; Butovskaya, Marina; Can, Seda; Carrier, Antonin; Cetinkaya, Hakan; Conroy-Beam, Daniel; Cueto, Rosa Maria; Czub, Marcin; Dural, Seda; Espinosa, Agustin; Esteves, Carla Sofia; Frackowiak, Tomasz; Contreras-Garduno, Jorge; Guemaz, Farida; Hromatko, Ivana; Iskra, Herak; Jiang, Feng; Kafetsios, Konstantinos; Kavcic, Tina; Kervyn, Nicolas; Koebis, Nils C.; Kostic, Aleksandra; Lang, Andras; Lindholm, Torun; Manesi, Zoi; Mesko, Norbert; Misra, Girishwar; Monaghan, Conal; Natividade, Jean Carlos; Nizharadze, George; Oberzaucher, Elisabeth; Oleszkiewicz, Anna; Pagani, Ariela Francesca; Pakalniskiene, Vilmante; Parise, Miriam; Pejicic, Marija; Pisanski, Annette; Pisanski, Kasia; Popa, Camelia; Prokop, Pavol; Sargautyte, Ruta; Sharad, Shivantika; Simonetti, Franco; Sorokowski, Piotr; Stefanczyk, Michal Mikolaj; Szagdaj, Anna; Tadinac, Meri; Gonzalez, Karina Ugalde; Uhryn, Olga; Vauclair, Christin-Melanie; Yoo, Gyesook; Zupancic, Maja; Croy, Ilona
    Touch is the primary way people communicate intimacy in romantic relationships, and affectionate touch behaviors such as stroking, hugging and kissing are universally observed in partnerships all over the world. Here, we explored the association of love and affectionate touch behaviors in romantic partnerships in two studies comprising 7880 participants. In the first study, we used a cross-cultural survey conducted in 37 countries to test whether love was universally associated with affectionate touch behaviors. In the second study, using a more fine-tuned touch behavior scale, we tested whether the frequency of affectionate touch behaviors was related to love in romantic partnerships. As hypothesized, love was significantly and positively associated with affectionate touch behaviors in both studies and this result was replicated regardless of the inclusion of potentially relevant factors as controls. Altogether, our data strongly suggest that affectionate touch is a relatively stable characteristic of human romantic relationships that is robustly and reliably related to the degree of reported love between partners.
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    Modernization, collectivism, and gender equality predict love experiences in 45 countries
    (2023) Sorokowski, Piotr; Kowal, Marta; Sternberg, Robert J.; Aavik, Toivo; Akello, Grace; Alhabahba, Mohammad Madallh; Alm, Charlotte; Amjad, Naumana; Anjum, Afifa; Asao, Kelly; Atama, Chiemezie S.; Duyar, Derya Atamturk; Ayebare, Richard; Conroy-Beam, Daniel; Bendixen, Mons; Bensafia, Aicha; Bizumic, Boris; Boussena, Mahmoud; Buss, David M.; Butovskaya, Marina; Can, Seda; Carrier, Antonin; Cetinkaya, Hakan; Croy, Ilona; Cueto, Rosa Maria; Czub, Marcin; Dronova, Daria; Dural, Seda; Duyar, Izzet; Ertugrul, Berna; Espinosa, Agustin; Estevan, Ignacio; Esteves, Carla Sofia; Frackowiak, Tomasz; Garduno, Jorge Contreras; Gonzalez, Karina Ugalde; Guemaz, Farida; Halamova, Maria; Herak, Iskra; Horvat, Marina; Hromatko, Ivana; Hui, Chin-Ming; Jaafar, Jas Laile; Jiang, Feng; Kafetsios, Konstantinos; Kavcic, Tina; Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen; Kervyn, Nicolas; Ha, Truong Thi Khanh; Khilji, Imran Ahmed; Kobis, Nils C.; Kostic, Aleksandra; Lan, Hoang Moc; Lang, Andras; Lennard, Georgina R.; Leon, Ernesto; Lindholm, Torun; Linh, Trinh Thi; Lopez, Giulia; Van Luot, Nguyen; Mailhos, Alvaro; Manesi, Zoi; Martinez, Rocio; McKerchar, Sarah L.; Mesko, Norbert; Pejicic, Marija; Misra, Girishwar; Monaghan, Conal; Mora, Emanuel C.; Moya-Garofano, Alba; Musil, Bojan; Natividade, Jean Carlos; Nizharadze, George; Oberzaucher, Elisabeth; Oleszkiewicz, Anna; Omar-Fauzee, Mohd Sofian; Onyishi, Ike E.; Ozener, Baris; Pagani, Ariela Francesca; Pakalniskiene, Vilmante; Parise, Miriam; Pazhoohi, Farid; Pisanski, Annette; Pisanski, Katarzyna; Ponciano, Edna; Popa, Camelia; Prokop, Pavol; Rizwan, Muhammad; Sainz, Mario; Salkicevic, Svjetlana; Sargautyte, Ruta; Sarmany-Schuller, Ivan; Schmehl, Susanne; Shahid, Anam; Sharad, Shivantika; Siddiqui, Razi Sultan; Simonetti, Franco; Tadinac, Meri; Vauclair, Christin-Melanie; Vega, Luis Diego; Walter, Kathryn V.; Widarini, Dwi Ajeng; Yoo, Gyesook; Zatkova, Marta; Zupancic, Maja; Sorokowska, Agnieszka
    Recent cross-cultural and neuro-hormonal investigations have suggested that love is a near universal phenomenon that has a biological background. Therefore, the remaining important question is not whether love exists worldwide but which cultural, social, or environmental factors influence experiences and expressions of love. In the present study, we explored whether countries' modernization indexes are related to love experiences measured by three subscales (passion, intimacy, commitment) of the Triangular Love Scale. Analyzing data from 9474 individuals from 45 countries, we tested for relationships with country-level predictors, namely, modernization proxies (i.e., Human Development Index, World Modernization Index, Gender Inequality Index), collectivism, and average annual temperatures. We found that mean levels of love (especially intimacy) were higher in countries with higher modernization proxies, collectivism, and average annual temperatures. In conclusion, our results grant some support to the hypothesis that modernization processes might influence love experiences.
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    Patterns and universals of mate poaching across 53 nations: The effects of sex, culture, and personality on romantically attracting another person's partner
    (American Psychological Association, 2004) Schmitt, David P.; Alcalay S., Lidia; Simonetti, Franco; International Sexuality Description Project
    As part of the International Sexuality Description Project, 16,954 participants from 53 nations were administered an anonymous survey about experiences with romantic attraction. Mate poaching-romantically attracting someone who is already in a relationship-was most common in Southern Europe, South America, Western Europe, and Eastern Europe and was relatively infrequent in Africa, South/Southeast Asia, and East Asia. Evolutionary and social-role hypotheses received empirical support. Men were more likely than women to report having made and succumbed to short-term poaching across all regions, but differences between men and women were often smaller in more gender-egalitarian regions. People who try to steal another's mate possess similar personality traits across all regions, as do those who frequently receive and succumb to the poaching attempts by others. The authors conclude that human mate-poaching experiences are universally linked to sex, culture, and the robust influence of personal dispositions.
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    Perceptions of Aging Across 26 Cultures and Their Culture-Level Associates
    (AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC, 2009) Loeckenhoff, Corinna E.; De Fruyt, Filip; Terracciano, Antonio; McCrae, Robert R.; De Bolle, Marleen; Costa, Paul T., Jr.; Aguilar Vafaie, Maria E.; Ahn, Chang kyu; Ahn, Hyun nie; Alcalay, Lidia; Allik, Juri; Avdeyeva, Tatyana V.; Barbaranelli, Claudio; Benet Martinez, Veronica; Blatny, Marek; Bratko, Denis; Cain, Thomas R.; Crawford, Jarret T.; Lima, Margarida P.; Fickova, Emilia; Gheorghiu, Mirona; Halberstadt, Jamin; Hrebickova, Martina; Jussim, Lee; Klinkosz, Waldemar; Knezevic, Goran; Leibovich de Figueroa, Nora; Martin, Thomas A.; Marusic, Iris; Mastor, Khairul Anwar; Miramontez, Daniel R.; Nakazato, Katsuharu; Nansubuga, Florence; Pramila, V. S.; Realo, Anu; Rolland, Jean Pierre; Rossier, Jerome; Schmidt, Vanina; Sekowski, Andrzej; Shakespeare Finch, Jane; Shimonaka, Yoshiko; Simonetti, Franco; Siuta, Jerzy; Smith, Peter B.; Szmigielska, Barbara; Wang, Lei; Yamaguchi, Mami; Yik, Michelle
    College students (N = 3,435) in 26 cultures reported their perceptions of age-related changes in physical, cognitive, and socioemotional areas of functioning and rated societal views of aging within their culture. There was widespread cross-cultural consensus regarding the expected direction of aging trajectories with (a) perceived declines in societal views of aging, physical attractiveness, the ability to perform everyday tasks, and new learning; (b) perceived increases in wisdom, knowledge, and received respect; and (c) perceived stability in family authority and life satisfaction. Cross-cultural variations in aging perceptions were associated with culture-level indicators of population aging, education levels, values, and national character stereotypes. These associations were stronger for societal views on aging and perceptions of socioemotional changes than for perceptions of physical and cognitive changes. A consideration of culture-level variables also suggested that previously reported differences in aging perceptions between Asian and Western countries may be related to differences in population structure.
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    Reasons for Facebook Usage: Data From 46 Countries
    (2020) Kowal, M.; Sorokowski, P.; Sorokowska, A.; Dobrowolska, M.; Pisanski, K.; Oleszkiewicz, A.; Aavik, T.; Akello, G.; Alm, C.; Simonetti, Franco; Amjad, N.; Anjum, A.; Asao, K.; Atama, C. S.; Duyar, D. A.; Ayebare, R.; Bendixen, M.; Bensafia, A.; Bizumic, B.; Boussena, M.; Buss, D. M.; Butovskaya, M.; Can, S.; Cantarero, K.; Carrier, A.; Cetinkaya, H.; Conroy Beam, D.; Varella, M. A. C.; Cueto, R. M.; Czub, M.; Dronova, D.; Dural, S.; Duyar, I.; Ertugrul, B.; Espinosa, A.; Estevan, I.; Esteves, C. S.; Frackowiak, T.; Contreras Graduno, J.; Guemaz, F.; Hromatko, I.; Hui, C. M.; Herak, I.; Jaafar, J. L.; Jiang, F.; Kafetsios, K.; Kavcic, T.; Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen; Kervyn, N.; Kobis, N. C.
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    Sex differences in human mate preferences vary across sex ratios
    (2021) Walter, Kathryn V.; Conroy-Beam, Daniel; Buss, David M.; Asao, Kelly; Sorokowska, Agnieszka; Sorokowski, Piotr; Aavik, Toivo; Akello, Grace; Alhabahba, Mohammad Madallh; Alm, Charlotte; Amjad, Naumana; Anjum, Afifa; Atama, Chiemezie S.; Duyar, Derya Atamturk; Ayebare, Richard; Batres, Carlota; Bendixen, Mons; Bensafia, Aicha; Bizumic, Boris; Boussena, Mahmoud; Butovskaya, Marina; Can, Seda; Cantarero, Katarzyna; Carrier, Antonin; Cetinkaya, Hakan; Croy, Ilona; Cueto, Rosa Maria; Czub, Marcin; Dronova, Daria; Dural, Seda; Duyar, Izzet; Ertugrul, Berna; Espinosa, Agustin; Estevan, Ignacio; Esteves, Carla Sofia; Fang, Luxi; Frackowiak, Tomasz; Garduno, Jorge Contreras; Gonzalez, Karina Ugalde; Guemaz, Farida; Gyuris, Petra; Halamova, Maria; Herak, Iskra; Horvat, Marina; Hromatko, Ivana; Hui, Chin-Ming; Jaafar, Jas Laile; Jiang, Feng; Kafetsios, Konstantinos; Kavcic, Tina; Ottesen Kennair, Leif Edward; Kervyn, Nicolas; Khanh Ha, Truong Thi; Khilji, Imran Ahmed; Kobis, Nils C.; Lan, Hoang Moc; Lang, Andras; Lennard, Georgina R.; Leon, Ernesto; Lindholm, Torun; Linh, Trinh Thi; Lopez, Giulia; Luot, Nguyen Van; Mailhos, Alvaro; Manesi, Zoi; Martinez, Rocio; McKerchar, Sarah L.; Mesko, Norbert; Misra, Girishwar; Monaghan, Conal; Mora, Emanuel C.; Moya-Garofano, Alba; Musil, Bojan; Natividade, Jean Carlos; Niemczyk, Agnieszka; Nizharadze, George; Oberzaucher, Elisabeth; Oleszkiewicz, Anna; Omar-Fauzee, Mohd Sofian; Onyishi, Ike E.; Ozener, Baris; Pagani, Ariela Francesca; Pakalniskiene, Vilmante; Parise, Miriam; Pazhoohi, Farid; Pisanski, Annette; Pisanski, Katarzyna; Ponciano, Edna; Popa, Camelia; Prokop, Pavol; Rizwan, Muhammad; Sainz, Mario; Salkicevic, Svjetlana; Sargautyte, Ruta; Sarmany-Schuller, Ivan; Schmehl, Susanne; Sharad, Shivantika; Siddiqui, Razi Sultan; Simonetti, Franco; Stoyanova, Stanislava Yordanova; Tadinac, Meri; Correa Varella, Marco Antonio; Vauclair, Christin-Melanie; Vega, Luis Diego; Widarini, Dwi Ajeng; Yoo, Gyesook; Zat'kova, Marta Marta; Zupancic, Maja
    A wide range of literature connects sex ratio and mating behaviours in non-human animals. However, research examining sex ratio and human mating is limited in scope. Prior work has examined the relationship between sex ratio and desire for short-term, uncommitted mating as well as outcomes such as marriage and divorce rates. Less empirical attention has been directed towards the relationship between sex ratio and mate preferences, despite the importance of mate preferences in the human mating literature. To address this gap, we examined sex ratio's relationship to the variation in preferences for attractiveness, resources, kindness, intelligence and health in a long-term mate across 45 countries (n = 14 487). We predicted that mate preferences would vary according to relative power of choice on the mating market, with increased power derived from having relatively few competitors and numerous potential mates. We found that each sex tended to report more demanding preferences for attractiveness and resources where the opposite sex was abundant, compared to where the opposite sex was scarce. This pattern dovetails with those found for mating strategies in humans and mate preferences across species, highlighting the importance of sex ratio for understanding variation in human mate preferences.
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    Sex Differences in Mate Preferences Across 45 Countries: A Large-Scale Replication
    (2020) Walter, Kathryn, V; Conroy-Beam, Daniel; Buss, David M.; Asao, Kelly; Sorokowska, Agnieszka; Sorokowski, Piotr; Aavik, Toivo; Akello, Grace; Alhabahba, Mohammad Madallh; Alm, Charlotte; Amjad, Naumana; Anjum, Afifa; Atama, Chiemezie S.; Duyar, Derya Atamturk; Ayebare, Richard; Batres, Carlota; Bendixen, Mons; Bensafia, Aicha; Bizumic, Boris; Boussena, Mahmoud; Butovskaya, Marina; Can, Seda; Cantarero, Katarzyna; Carrier, Antonin; Cetinkaya, Hakan; Croy, Ilona; Cueto, Rosa Maria; Czub, Marcin; Dronova, Daria; Dural, Seda; Duyar, Izzet; Ertugrul, Berna; Espinosa, Agustin; Estevan, Ignacio; Esteves, Carla Sofia; Fang, Luxi; Frackowiak, Tomasz; Contreras Garduno, Jorge; Gonzalez, Karina Ugalde; Guemaz, Farida; Gyuris, Petra; Halamova, Maria; Herak, Iskra; Horvat, Marina; Hromatko, Ivana; Hui, Chin-Ming; Jaafar, Jas Laile; Jiang, Feng; Kafetsios, Konstantinos; Kavcic, Tina; Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen; Kervyn, Nicolas; Truong Thi Khanh Ha; Khilji, Imran Ahmed; Kobis, Nils C.; Lan, Hoang Moc; Lang, Andras; Lennard, Georgina R.; Leon, Ernesto; Lindholm, Torun; Trinh Thi Linh; Lopez, Giulia; Nguyen Van Luot; Mailhos, Alvaro; Manesi, Zoi; Martinez, Rocio; McKerchar, Sarah L.; Mesko, Norbert; Misra, Girishwar; Monaghan, Conal; Mora, Emanuel C.; Moya-Garofano, Alba; Musil, Bojan; Natividade, Jean Carlos; Niemczyk, Agnieszka; Nizharadze, George; Oberzaucher, Elisabeth; Oleszkiewicz, Anna; Omar-Fauzee, Mohd Sofian; Onyishi, Ike E.; Ozener, Baris; Pagani, Ariela Francesca; Pakalniskiene, Vilmante; Parise, Miriam; Pazhoohi, Farid; Pisanski, Annette; Pisanski, Katarzyna; Ponciano, Edna; Popa, Camelia; Prokop, Pavol; Rizwan, Muhammad; Sainz, Mario; Salkicevic, Svjetlana; Sargautyte, Ruta; Sarmany-Schuller, Ivan; Schmehl, Susanne; Sharad, Shivantika; Siddiqui, Razi Sultan; Simonetti, Franco; Stoyanova, Stanislava Yordanova; Tadinac, Meri; Correa Varella, Marco Antonio; Vauclair, Christin-Melanie; Vega, Luis Diego; Widarini, Dwi Ajeng; Yoo, Gyesook; Zat'kova, Marta; Zupancic, Maja
    Considerable research has examined human mate preferences across cultures, finding universal sex differences in preferences for attractiveness and resources as well as sources of systematic cultural variation. Two competing perspectives-an evolutionary psychological perspective and a biosocial role perspective-offer alternative explanations for these findings. However, the original data on which each perspective relies are decades old, and the literature is fraught with conflicting methods, analyses, results, and conclusions. Using a new 45-country sample (N = 14,399), we attempted to replicate classic studies and test both the evolutionary and biosocial role perspectives. Support for universal sex differences in preferences remains robust: Men, more than women, prefer attractive, young mates, and women, more than men, prefer older mates with financial prospects. Cross-culturally, both sexes have mates closer to their own ages as gender equality increases. Beyond age of partner, neither pathogen prevalence nor gender equality robustly predicted sex differences or preferences across countries.
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    Stereotypes of Age Differences in Personality Traits: Universal and Accurate?
    (AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC, 2012) Chan, Wayne; McCrae, Robert R.; De Fruyt, Filip; Jussim, Lee; Loeckenhoff, Corinna E.; De Bolle, Marleen; Costa, Paul T., Jr.; Sutin, Angelina R.; Realo, Anu; Allik, Jueri; Nakazato, Katsuharu; Shimonaka, Yoshiko; Hrebickova, Martina; Graf, Sylvie; Yik, Michelle; Brunner Sciarra, Marina; de Figueora, Nora Leibovich; Schmidt, Vanina; Ahn, Chang kyu; Ahn, Hyun nie; Aguilar Vafaie, Maria E.; Siuta, Jerzy; Szmigielska, Barbara; Cain, Thomas R.; Crawford, Janet T.; Mastor, Khairul Anwar; Rolland, Jean Pierre; Nansubuga, Florence; Miramontez, Daniel R.; Benet Martinez, Veronica; Rossier, Jerome; Bratko, Denis; Marusic, Iris; Halberstadt, Jamin; Yamaguchi, Mami; Knezevic, Goran; Martin, Thomas A.; Gheorghiu, Mirona; Smith, Peter B.; Barbaranelli, Claudio; Wang, Lei; Shakespeare Finch, Jane; Lima, Margarida P.; Klinkosz, Waldemar; Sekowski, Andrzej; Alcalay, Lidia; Simonetti, Franco; Avdeyeva, Tatyana V.; Pramila, V. S.; Terracciano, Antonio
    Age trajectories for personality traits are known to be similar across cultures. To address whether stereotypes of age groups reflect these age-related changes in personality, we asked participants in 26 countries (N = 3,323) to rate typical adolescents, adults, and old persons in their own country. Raters across nations tended to share similar beliefs about different age groups; adolescents were seen as impulsive, rebellious, undisciplined, preferring excitement and novelty, whereas old people were consistently considered lower on impulsivity, activity, antagonism, and Openness. These consensual age group stereotypes correlated strongly with published age differences on the five major dimensions of personality and most of 30 specific traits, using as criteria of accuracy both self-reports and observer ratings, different survey methodologies, and data from up to 50 nations. However, personal stereotypes were considerably less accurate, and consensual stereotypes tended to exaggerate differences across age groups.
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    The Attractive Female Body Weight and Female Body Dissatisfaction in 26 Countries Across 10 World Regions: Results of the International Body Project I
    (SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC, 2010) Swami, Viren; Frederick, David A.; Aavik, Toivo; Alcalay, Lidia; Allik, Jueri; Anderson, Donna; Andrianto, Sonny; Arora, Arvind; Brannstrom, Ake; Cunningham, John; Danel, Dariusz; Doroszewicz, Krystyna; Forbes, Gordon B.; Furnham, Adrian; Greven, Corina U.; Halberstadt, Jamin; Hao, Shuang; Haubner, Tanja; Hwang, Choon Sup; Inman, Mary; Jaafar, Jas Laile; Johansson, Jacob; Jung, Jaehee; Keser, Askin; Kretzschmar, Uta; Lachenicht, Lance; Li, Norman P.; Locke, Kenneth; Lonnqvist, Jan Erik; Lopez, Christy; Loutzenhiser, Lynn; Maisel, Natalya C.; McCabe, Marita P.; McCreary, Donald R.; McKibbin, William F.; Mussap, Alex; Neto, Felix; Nowell, Carly; Alampay, Liane Pena; Pillai, Subash K.; Pokrajac Bulian, Alessandra; Proyer, Rene T.; Quintelier, Katinka; Ricciardelli, Lina A.; Rozmus Wrzesinska, Malgorzata; Ruch, Willibald; Russo, Timothy; Schuetz, Astrid; Shackelford, Todd K.; Shashidharan, Sheeba; Simonetti, Franco; Sinniah, Dhachayani; Swami, Mira; Vandermassen, Griet; van Duynslaeger, Marijke; Verkasalo, Markku; Voracek, Martin; Yee, Curtis K.; Zhang, Echo Xian; Zhang, Xiaoying; Zivcic Becirevic, Ivanka
    This study reports results from the first International Body Project (IBP-I), which surveyed 7,434 individuals in 10 major world regions about body weight ideals and body dissatisfaction. Participants completed the female Contour Drawing Figure Rating Scale (CDFRS) and self-reported their exposure to Western and local media. Results indicated there were significant cross-regional differences in the ideal female figure and body dissatisfaction, but effect sizes were small across high-socioeconomic-status (SES) sites. Within cultures, heavier bodies were preferred in low-SES sites compared to high-SES sites in Malaysia and South Africa (ds = 1.94-2.49) but not in Austria. Participant age, body mass index (BMI), and Western media exposure predicted body weight ideals. BMI and Western media exposure predicted body dissatisfaction among women. Our results show that body dissatisfaction and desire for thinness is commonplace in high-SES settings across world regions, highlighting the need for international attention to this problem.
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    The emergence of sex differences in personality traits in early adolescence : a cross-sectional cross-cultural study
    (2015) De Bolle, Marleen; De Fruyt, Filip; McCrae, Robert R.; Löckenhoff, Corinna E.; Costa Jr., Paul T.; Aguilar Vafaie, María E.; Chang-kyu, Ahn; Hyun-nie, Ahn; Alcalay S., Lidia; Simonetti, Franco
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    The geographic distribution of big five personality traits - Patterns and profiles of human self-description across 56 nations
    (SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC, 2007) Schmitt, David P.; Allik, Juri; McCrae, Robert R.; Benet Martinez, Veronica; Alcalay, Lidia; Ault, Lara; Austers, Ivars; Bennett, Kevin L.; Bianchi, Gabriel; Boholst, Fredrick; Cunen, Mary Ann Borg; Braeckman, Johan; Brainerd, Edwin G.; Gerard, Leo; Caron, Gabrielle; Casullo, Maria Martina; Cunningham, Michael; Daibo, Ikuo; De Backer, Charlene; DeSouza, Eros; Diaz Loving, Rolando; Diniz, Glaucia; Durkin, Kevin; Echegaray, Marcela; Eremsoy, Ekin; Euler, Harald A.; Falzon, Ruth; Fisher, Maryanne L.; Foley, Dolores; Fry, Douglas P.; Fry, Sirpa; Ghayur, M. Arif; Giri, Vjai N.; Golden, Debra L.; Grammer, Karl; Grimaldi, Liria; Halberstadt, Liria; Hague, Shamsul; Herrera, Dora; Hertel, Janine; Hoffmann, Heather; Hooper, Danica; Hradilekova, Zuzana; Hudek Kene evi, Jasna; Jaafar, Jas; Jankauskaite, Margarita; Kabanagu Stahel, Heidi; Kardum, Igor; Khoury, Brigitte; Kwon, Hayrran; Laidra, Kaia; Laireiter, Anton Rupert; Lakerveld, Dustin; Lampert, Ada; Lauri, Maryanne; Lavallee, Marguerite; Lee, Suk Jae; Leung, Luk Chung; Locke, Kenneth D.; Locke, Vance; Luksik, Ivan; Magaisa, Ishmael; Marcinkeviciene, Dalia; Mata, Andre; Mata, Rui; McCarthy, Barry; Mills, Michael E.; Mikhize, Nhlanhla J.; Moreira, Joao; Moreira, Sergio; Moya, Miquel; Munyae, M.; Noller, Patricia; Olimar, Hmoud; Opre, Adrian; Panayiotou, Alexia; Petrovic, Nebojsa; Poels, Karolien; Popper, Miroslav; Poulimenou, Maria; P'yatokh, Volodymyr; Raymond, Michel; Reips, Ulf Dietrich; Reneau, Susan E.; Rivera Aragon, Sofia; Rowatt, Wade C.; Ruch, Willibald; Rus, Velko S.; Safir, Marilyn P.; Salas, Sonia; Sambataro, Fabio; Sandnabba, Kenneth N.; Schulmeyer, Marion K.; Schutz, Astrid; Scrimali, Tulio; Shackelford, Todd K.; Sharan, Mithila B.; Shaver, Phillip R.; Sichona, Francis; Simonetti, Franco; Sineshaw, Tilahun; Sookdew, R.; Spelman, Tom; Spyron, Spyrow; Sumer, H. Canan; Sumer, Nebi; Supekova, Marianna; Szlendak, Tomasz; Taylor, Robin; Timmermans, Bert; Tooke, William; Tsaousis, Ioannis; Tungaranza, F. S. K.; Van Overwalle, Frank; Vandermassen, Griet; Vanhoomissen, Tim; Vanwesenbeeck, Inc; Vasey, Paul L.; Verissimo, Joao; Voracek, Martin; Was, Wendy W. N.; Wang, Ta Wei; Weiss, Peter; Wijaya, Andik; Woertman, Liesbeth; Youn, Gahyun; Zupaneic, Agata
    The Big Five Inventory (BFI) is a self-report measure designed to assess the high-order personality traits of Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness. As part of the International Sexuality Description Project, the BFI was translated from English into 28 languages and administered to 17,837 individuals from 56 nations. The resulting cross-cultural data set was used to address three main questions: Does the factor structure of the English BFI fully replicate across cultures? How valid are the BFI trait profiles of individual nations'? And how are personality traits distributed throughout the world? The five-dimensional structure was robust across major regions of the world. Trait levels were related in predictable ways to self-esteem, sociosexuality, and national personality profiles. People from the geographic regions of South America and East Asia were significantly different in openness from those inhabiting other world regions. The discussion focuses on limitations of the current data set and important directions for future research.
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    The inaccuracy of national character stereotypes
    (2013) McCrae, Robert R.; Chan, Wayne; Jussim, Lee; De Fruyt, Filip; Loeckenhoff, Corinna E.; De Bolle, Marleen; Costa, Paul T., Jr.; Hrebickova, Martina; Graf, Sylvie; Realo, Anu; Allik, Jueri; Nakazato, Katsuharu; Shimonaka, Yoshiko; Yik, Michelle; Fickova, Emilia; Brunner-Sciarra, Marina; Reatigui, Norma; Leibovich de Figueora, Nora; Schmidt, Vanina; Ahn, Chang-Kyu; Ahn, Hyun-Nie; Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria E.; Siuta, Jerzy; Szmigielska, Barbara; Cain, Thomas R.; Crawford, Jarret T.; Mastor, Khairul Anwar; Rolland, Jean-Pierre; Nansubuga, Florence; Miramontez, Daniel R.; Benet-Martinez, Veronica; Rossier, Jerome; Bratko, Denis; Marusic, Iris; Halberstadt, Jamin; Yamaguchi, Mami; Knezevic, Goran; Puric, Danka; Martin, Thomas A.; Gheorghiu, Mirona; Smith, Peter B.; Barbaranelli, Claudio; Wang, Lei; Shakespeare-Finch, Jane; Lima, Margarida P.; Klinkosz, Waldemar; Sekowski, Andrzej; Alcalay, Lidia; Simonetti, Franco; Avdeyeva, Tatyana V.; Pramila, V. S.; Terracciano, Antonio
    Consensual stereotypes of some groups are relatively accurate, whereas others are not. Previous work suggesting that national character stereotypes are inaccurate has been criticized on several grounds. In this article we (a) provide arguments for the validity of assessed national mean trait levels as criteria for evaluating stereotype accuracy and (b) report new data on national character in 26 cultures from descriptions (N= 3323) of the typical male or female adolescent, adult, or old person in each. The average ratings were internally consistent and converged with independent stereotypes of the typical culture member, but were weakly related to objective assessments of personality. We argue that this conclusion is consistent with the broader literature on the inaccuracy of national character stereotypes. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.