Browsing by Author "Smith, Peter B."

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
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    Being oneself through time: Bases of self-continuity across 55 cultures
    (2018) Becker, Maja; Vignoles, Vivian L.; Owe, Ellinor; Easterbrook, Matthew J.; Brown, Rupert; Smith, Peter B.; Abuhamdeh, Sami; Cendales Ayala, Boris; Gardarsdottir, Ragna B.; Torres, Ana; Camino, Leoncio; Bond, Michael Harris; Nizharadze, George
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    Beyond the 'East-West' Dichotomy : Global Variation in Cultural Models of Selfhood
    (2016) Vignoles, Vivian L.; Owe, Ellinor; Becker, Maja; Smith, Peter B.; Easterbrook, Matthew J.; Brown, Rupert; González Gutiérrez, Roberto; Didier, Nicolás; Carrasco Ogaz, Diego
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    Contextualism as an Important Facet of Individualism-Collectivism : Personhood Beliefs Across 37 National Groups
    (2013) Owe, Ellinor; Vignoles, Vivian L.; Becker, Maja; Brown, Rupert; Smith, Peter B.; Lee, Spike W. S.; Easterbrook, Matt; González Gutiérrez, Roberto; Carrasco Ogaz, Diego; Lay Martinez, Siugmin Paz; Didier, Nicólas; Cadena, María Paz
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    Culture and the Distinctiveness Motive: Constructing Identity in Individualistic and Collectivistic Contexts
    (AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC, 2012) Becker, Maja; Vignoles, Vivian L.; Owe, Ellinor; Brown, Rupert; Smith, Peter B.; Easterbrook, Matt; Herman, Ginette; de Sauvage, Isabelle; Bourguignon, David; Tones, Ana; Camino, Leoncio; Silveira Lemos, Flavia Cristina; Cristina Ferreira, M.; Koller, Silvia H.; Gonzalez, Roberto; Carrasco, Diego; Paz Cadena, Maria; Lay, Siugmin; Wang, Qian; Bond, Michael Harris; Vargas Trujillo, Elvia; Balanta, Paola; Valk, Aune; Mekonnen, Kassahun Habtamu; Nizharadze, George; Fueloep, Marta; Regalia, Camillo; Manzi, Claudia; Brambilla, Maria; Harb, Charles; Aldhafri, Said; Martin, Mariana; Macapagal, Ma Elizabeth J.; Chybicka, Aneta; Gavreliuc, Alin; Buitendach, Johanna; Schweiger Gallo, Inge; Ozgen, Emre; Guner, Ulku E.; Yamakoglu, Nil
    The motive to attain a distinctive identity is sometimes thought to be stronger in, or even specific to, those socialized into individualistic cultures. Using data from 4,751 participants in 21 cultural groups (18 nations and 3 regions), we tested this prediction against our alternative view that culture would moderate the ways in which people achieve feelings of distinctiveness, rather than influence the strength of their motivation to do so. We measured the distinctiveness motive using an indirect technique to avoid cultural response biases. Analyses showed that the distinctiveness motive was not weaker and, if anything, was stronger-in more collectivistic nations. However, individualism collectivism was found to moderate the ways in which feelings of distinctiveness were constructed: Distinctiveness was associated more closely with difference and separateness in more individualistic cultures and was associated more closely with social position in more collectivistic cultures. Multilevel analysis confirmed that it is the prevailing beliefs and values in an individual's context, rather than the individual's own beliefs and values, that account for these differences.
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    Is an Emphasis on Dignity, Honor and Face more an Attribute of Individuals or of Cultural Groups?
    (SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC, 2020) Smith, Peter B.; Easterbrook, Matthew J.; Koc, Yasin; Lun, Vivian Miu Chi; Papastylianou, Dona; Grigoryan, Lusine; Torres, Claudio; Efremova, Maria; Hassan, Bushra; Abbas, Ammar; Ahmad, Abd Halim; al Bayati, Ahmed; Selim, Heyla A.; Anderson, Joel; Cross, Susan E.; Delfino, Gisela Isabel; Gamsakhurdia, Vladimer; Gavreliuc, Alin; Gavreliuc, Dana; Gul, Pelin; Gunsoy, Ceren; Hakobjanyan, Anna; Lay, Siugmin; Lopukhova, Olga; Hu, Ping; Sunar, Diane; Texeira, Maria Luisa Mendes; Tripodi, Doriana; Diaz Rivera, Paola Eunice; van Osch, Yvette; Yuki, Masaki; Ogusu, Natsuki; Kwantes, Catherine T.; Diaz Loving, Rolando; Perez Floriano, Lorena; Chaleeraktrakoon, Trawin; Chobthamkit, Phatthanakit
    This study compares the individual-level and sample-level predictive utility of a measure of the cultural logics of dignity, honor, and face. University students in 29 samples from 24 nations used a simple measure to rate their perceptions of the interpersonal cultural logic characterizing their local culture. The nomological net of these measures was then explored. Key dependent measures included three different facets of independent versus interdependent self-construal, relevant attitudes and values, reported handling of actual interpersonal conflicts, and responses to normative settings. Multilevel analyses revealed both individual- and sample-level effects but the dignity measure showed more individual-level effects, whereas sample-level effects were relatively more important with the face measure. The implications of this contrast are discussed.
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    Perceptions of Aging Across 26 Cultures and Their Culture-Level Associates
    (AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC, 2009) Loeckenhoff, Corinna E.; De Fruyt, Filip; Terracciano, Antonio; McCrae, Robert R.; De Bolle, Marleen; Costa, Paul T., Jr.; Aguilar Vafaie, Maria E.; Ahn, Chang kyu; Ahn, Hyun nie; Alcalay, Lidia; Allik, Juri; Avdeyeva, Tatyana V.; Barbaranelli, Claudio; Benet Martinez, Veronica; Blatny, Marek; Bratko, Denis; Cain, Thomas R.; Crawford, Jarret T.; Lima, Margarida P.; Fickova, Emilia; Gheorghiu, Mirona; Halberstadt, Jamin; Hrebickova, Martina; Jussim, Lee; Klinkosz, Waldemar; Knezevic, Goran; Leibovich de Figueroa, Nora; Martin, Thomas A.; Marusic, Iris; Mastor, Khairul Anwar; Miramontez, Daniel R.; Nakazato, Katsuharu; Nansubuga, Florence; Pramila, V. S.; Realo, Anu; Rolland, Jean Pierre; Rossier, Jerome; Schmidt, Vanina; Sekowski, Andrzej; Shakespeare Finch, Jane; Shimonaka, Yoshiko; Simonetti, Franco; Siuta, Jerzy; Smith, Peter B.; Szmigielska, Barbara; Wang, Lei; Yamaguchi, Mami; Yik, Michelle
    College students (N = 3,435) in 26 cultures reported their perceptions of age-related changes in physical, cognitive, and socioemotional areas of functioning and rated societal views of aging within their culture. There was widespread cross-cultural consensus regarding the expected direction of aging trajectories with (a) perceived declines in societal views of aging, physical attractiveness, the ability to perform everyday tasks, and new learning; (b) perceived increases in wisdom, knowledge, and received respect; and (c) perceived stability in family authority and life satisfaction. Cross-cultural variations in aging perceptions were associated with culture-level indicators of population aging, education levels, values, and national character stereotypes. These associations were stronger for societal views on aging and perceptions of socioemotional changes than for perceptions of physical and cognitive changes. A consideration of culture-level variables also suggested that previously reported differences in aging perceptions between Asian and Western countries may be related to differences in population structure.
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    Stereotypes of Age Differences in Personality Traits: Universal and Accurate?
    (AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC, 2012) Chan, Wayne; McCrae, Robert R.; De Fruyt, Filip; Jussim, Lee; Loeckenhoff, Corinna E.; De Bolle, Marleen; Costa, Paul T., Jr.; Sutin, Angelina R.; Realo, Anu; Allik, Jueri; Nakazato, Katsuharu; Shimonaka, Yoshiko; Hrebickova, Martina; Graf, Sylvie; Yik, Michelle; Brunner Sciarra, Marina; de Figueora, Nora Leibovich; Schmidt, Vanina; Ahn, Chang kyu; Ahn, Hyun nie; Aguilar Vafaie, Maria E.; Siuta, Jerzy; Szmigielska, Barbara; Cain, Thomas R.; Crawford, Janet T.; Mastor, Khairul Anwar; Rolland, Jean Pierre; Nansubuga, Florence; Miramontez, Daniel R.; Benet Martinez, Veronica; Rossier, Jerome; Bratko, Denis; Marusic, Iris; Halberstadt, Jamin; Yamaguchi, Mami; Knezevic, Goran; Martin, Thomas A.; Gheorghiu, Mirona; Smith, Peter B.; Barbaranelli, Claudio; Wang, Lei; Shakespeare Finch, Jane; Lima, Margarida P.; Klinkosz, Waldemar; Sekowski, Andrzej; Alcalay, Lidia; Simonetti, Franco; Avdeyeva, Tatyana V.; Pramila, V. S.; Terracciano, Antonio
    Age trajectories for personality traits are known to be similar across cultures. To address whether stereotypes of age groups reflect these age-related changes in personality, we asked participants in 26 countries (N = 3,323) to rate typical adolescents, adults, and old persons in their own country. Raters across nations tended to share similar beliefs about different age groups; adolescents were seen as impulsive, rebellious, undisciplined, preferring excitement and novelty, whereas old people were consistently considered lower on impulsivity, activity, antagonism, and Openness. These consensual age group stereotypes correlated strongly with published age differences on the five major dimensions of personality and most of 30 specific traits, using as criteria of accuracy both self-reports and observer ratings, different survey methodologies, and data from up to 50 nations. However, personal stereotypes were considerably less accurate, and consensual stereotypes tended to exaggerate differences across age groups.
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    The Social Cure Properties of Groups Across Cultures: Groups Provide More Support but Have Stronger Norms and Are Less Curative in Relationally Immobile Societies
    (SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC, 2024) Easterbrook, Matthew J.; Grigoryan, Lusine; Smith, Peter B.; Koc, Yasin; Lun, Vivian Miu Chi; Papastylianou, Dona; Torres, Claudio; Efremova, Maria; Hassan, Bushra; Abbas, Ammar; al-Selim, Heyla; Anderson, Joel; Cross, Susan E.; Delfino, Gisela Isabel; Gamsakhurdia, Vladimer; Gavreliuc, Alin; Gavreliuc, Dana; Gul, Pelin; Gunsoy, Ceren; Hakobjanyan, Anna; Lay, Siugmin; Lopukhova, Olga; Hu, Ping; Sunar, Diane; Mendes Texeira, Maria Luisa; Tripodi, Doriana; Rivera, Paola Eunice Diaz; Yuki, Masaki; Ogusu, Natsuki; Kwantes, Catherine T.; Diaz-Loving, Rolando; Perez Floriano, Lorena; Chaleeraktrakoon, Trawin; Chobthamkit, Phatthanakit
    We investigate whether the social cure properties of groups vary across cultures, testing hypotheses that the associations between multiple group memberships (MGM) and depressive symptoms will (a) be mediated by social support and uncomfortable normative pressures, and (b) vary systematically with sample-level relational mobility. Analyses of data from a survey (N = 5,174) conducted within k = 29 samples show that MGM is negatively associated with depressive symptoms, an association fully mediated by social support and uncomfortable normative pressures. In line with our theorizing, in samples with higher levels of relational mobility constraints, the association between MGM and depressive symptoms is weaker, the associations between MGM and social support and between MGM and normative pressures are stronger, and the association between social support and depressive symptoms weaker. The indirect link between MGM and depressive symptoms via social support is significant at both low and high levels of relational mobility constraints.