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Browsing by Author "Solari, Sandra"

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3-Epi-25 Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Concentrations in Chilean Children Between 5 and 8 Years
(KARGER, 2018) Arancibia, Monica; Seiltgens, Cristian; Poggi, Helena; Allende, Fidel; Solari, Sandra; Peredo, Soledad; Trincado, Claudia; Garcia, Hernan; Moore, Rosario; Dapremont, Ivonne; Andrade, Daniela; Sifaqui, Sofia; Ossa, Jt; Campino, Carmen; Carvajal, Cristian; Fardella, Carlos; Baudrand, Rene; Sanchez, Ximena; Martinez Aguayo, Alejandro
Bacterial identification based on protein mass spectrometry: A new insight at the microbiology of the 21st century
(SOC CHILENA INFECTOLOGIA, 2012) Garcia, Patricia; Allende, Fidel; Legarraga, Paulette; Huilcaman, Marcos; Solari, Sandra
Bacterial identification is important for the proper treatment of infected patients hospitalized with serious infections especially in critical care units. Identification by conventional methods used in microbiology laboratories takes at least 16 hours since a culture is positive. The introduction of mass spectrometry, specifically MALDI-TOF MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer) in the microbiology laboratory could mean a radical change in the identification accuracy, turn around time (6 minutes per bacteria) and cost (about 5 times cheaper than conventional identification). Since its introduction in clinical microbiology laboratories in 2008, many reports about its usefulness in identifying microorganisms from colonies, as well as directly from positive blood cultures and urine samples have been published. This review describes MALDI-TOF MS methodology, its identification performance for bacteria (aerobic and anaerobic), mycobacterium and yeasts, its future applications in microbiology and its main disadvantages.
Citosine-Adenine-Repeat Microsatellite of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 Gene in Hypertensive Children
(OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2016) Valdivia, Carolina; Carvajal, Cristian A.; Campino, Carmen; Allende, Fidel; Martinez Aguayo, Alejandro; Baudrand, Rene; Vecchiola, Andrea; Lagos, Carlos F.; Tapia Castillo, Alejandra; Fuentes, Cristobal A.; Aglony, Marlene; Solari, Sandra; Kalergis, Alexis M.; Garcia, Hernan; Owen, Gareth I.; Fardella, Carlos E.
BACKGROUND
Clinical, Biochemical, and Genetic Characteristics of "Nonclassic" Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess Syndrome
(2019) Tapia Castillo, Alejandra; Baudrand Biggs, René; Vaidya, Anand; Campino Johnson, María del Carmen; Allende, Fidel; Carvajal Maldonado, Cristián Andrés; Vecchiola Cárdenas, Andrea Paola; Lagos Arévalo, Carlos Fernando; Fuentes Zúñiga, Cristóbal Andrés; Fardella B., Carlos; Solari, Sandra; Martínez Aguayo, Alejandro Gregorio; García Bruce, Hernán; Valdivia, Carolina; Tapia Castillo, Alejandra; Baudrand Biggs, René; Vaidya, Anand; Campino Johnson, María del Carmen; Allende, Fidel; Carvajal Maldonado, Cristián Andrés; Vecchiola Cárdenas, Andrea Paola; Lagos Arévalo, Carlos Fernando; Fuentes Zúñiga, Cristóbal Andrés; Fardella B., Carlos; Solari, Sandra; Martínez Aguayo, Alejandro Gregorio; García Bruce, Hernán; Valdivia, Carolina
Depressive symptoms are associated with higher morning plasma cortisol in primary care subjects
(2018) Capponi, Valentina; Carrasco, Carmen; Macchiavello, Stefano; Undurraga, Juan; Campino Johnson, María del Carmen; Carvajal, Cristian; Gomez, Teresita; Weiss, Cristian; Aedo Campos, Igor Iván; Vecchiola Cárdenas, Andrea Paola; Allende, Fidel; Solari, Sandra; Fardella B., Carlos; Baudrand Biggs, René; Capponi, Valentina; Carrasco, Carmen; Macchiavello, Stefano; Undurraga, Juan; Campino Johnson, María del Carmen; Carvajal, Cristian; Gomez, Teresita; Weiss, Cristian; Aedo Campos, Igor Iván; Vecchiola, Andrea; Allende, Fidel; Solari, Sandra; Fardella B., Carlos; Baudrand Biggs, René
Endothelial dysfunction - A link among preeclampsia, recurrent pregnancy loss, and future cardiovascular events?
(LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2007) Germain, Alfredo M.; Romanik, Mary Carmen; Guerra, Irene; Solari, Sandra; Soledad Reyes, Maria; Johnson, Richard J.; Price, Karen; Karumanchi, S. Ananth; Valdes, Gloria
We tested the hypothesis that endothelial dysfunction could cause placentation-related defects, persist after the complicated pregnancy, and probably cause cardiovascular disease later in life. Brachial arterial reactivity and factors related to endothelial dysfunction, such as circulating cholesterol, uric acid, nitrites, L-arginine, asymmetrical dimethylarginine, vascular endothelial growth factor, and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1, in women with previous healthy pregnancies (n = 22), patients with severe preeclampsia (n = 25), or patients with recurrent pregnancy loss (n = 29), at day 10 of the luteal phase of an ovulatory cycle an average of 11 to 27 months after pregnancy were evaluated. Both groups with placentation defects had a significant decrease in endothelium-dependent dilatation, a higher rate of endothelial dysfunction, lower serum nitrites, and higher cholesterol as compared with control subjects; subjects with previous preeclampsia additionally had higher normal blood pressures and a greater parental prevalence of cardiovascular disease. Patients with recurrent pregnancy loss also demonstrated a significantly lower endothelium-independent vasodilatation. A trend to an inverse correlation was found between serum cholesterol serum and endothelial-mediated vasodilatation in the whole study population. Uric acid, L-arginine, asymmetrical dimethylarginine, vascular endothelial growth factor, and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 were similar in all of the groups. We postulate that endothelial dysfunction may represent a link between preeclampsia and increased cardiovascular disease latter in life and propose that women with unexplained recurrent miscarriages are also at increased cardiovascular risk. The identification and correction of endothelial dysfunction detected during the reproductive stage on obstetric outcome and on cardiovascular diseases needs to be elucidated.
Extremely and very preterm children who were born appropriate for gestational age show no differences in cortisol concentrations or diurnal rhythms compared to full-term children
(2023) Dominguez-Menendez, Gonzalo; Poggi, Helena; Ochoa-Molina, Fernanda; D'Apremont, Ivonne; Moore, Rosario; Allende, Fidel; Solari, Sandra; Martinez-Aguayo, Alejandro
Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the diurnal variations in cortisol and cortisone concentrations in serum and saliva among extremely preterm (EPT), very preterm (VPT), and full-term (FT) children, all born appropriate for gestational age (AGA).Methods: EPT, VPT, and FT children, all born AGA, were recruited from two healthcare centers. Cortisol and cortisone concentrations in serum and saliva were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Statistical analysis was performed using nonparametric tests.Results: A total of 101 children (5.0-8.9 years old) were included in this study: EPT=18, VPT=43 and FT=40. All groups had similar distributions in terms of age, birth weight standard deviation score (SDS) and BMI (SDS), showing no differences in serum ACTH, cortisol, or cortisone levels. Additionally, salivary cortisol and cortisone concentrations decreased significantly throughout the day (p values<0.0001). Salivary cortisol concentrations were below the limit of detection (0.55 nmol/L) before dinner and before bedtime in approximately one-third and two-thirds of all children, respectively. Salivary cortisone was detectable in all but one sample.Conclusions: The diurnal cortisol rhythm was preserved in all preterm children, regardless of their gestational age, and no differences in cortisol concentrations among the groups were found. This may have significant implications for the clinical management and follow-up of preterm individuals.
Frequency of subclinical thyroid problems among women during the first trimester of pregnancy
(SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2012) Mosso M, Lorena; Martinez G, Alejandra; Paulina Rojas, Maria; Margozzini, Paula; Solari, Sandra; Lyng, Trinidad; Andres Ortiz, Juan; Carvajal, Jorge
Background: Thyroid hormones play an important role in fetal neural and cognitive development. Therefore thyroid abnormalities should be detected and treated early during pregnancy. Aim: To assess the frequency and risk factors for functional thyroid disorders during the first trimester of pregnancy. Material and Methods: A blood sample was obtained from women during their first trimester of pregnancy, consulting in a prenatal care facility. Women with known thyroid diseases were excluded from the study. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine (T4) and free thyroxine (fT4) were measured by electrochemoluminiscence. Antithyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti TPO) were measured by enzyme immunoassay. Results: Five hundred and ten women aged 25.7 +/- 6.6 years were assessed. The frequency of clinical hypothyroidism was 0.6%, subclinical hypothyroidism 35.3% and clinical hyperthyroidism 1%. Five percent of women with hypothyroidism and 3.5% of euthyroid women had positive anti TPO antibodies. There was no association between the frequency of thyroid diseases and risk factors for thyroid diseases. Conclusions: There is a high frequency of subclinical thyroid diseases among women consulting in this prenatal care clinic. (Rev Med Chile 2012; 140: 1401-1408).
Higher Dehydroepiandrosterone Levels in Prepubertal Children Born Very Preterm
(KARGER, 2018) Mericq, Veronica; Martinez Aguayo, Alejandro; Iniguez, German; Poggi, Helena; D'Apremont, Ivonne; Moore, Rosario; Arancibia, Monica; Garcia, Hernan; Peredo, Soledad; Trincado, Claudia; Sifaqui, Sofia; Tomas Ossa, Jose; Fardella, Carlos; Carvajal, Cristian; Campino, Carmen; Baudrand, Rene; Solari, Sandra; Allende, Fidel
HLA-B*5701 frequency in Chilean HIV-infected patients and in general population
(CONTEXTO, 2010) Poggi, Helena; Vera, Alejandra; Lagos, Marcela; Solari, Sandra; Rodriguez P, Luis; Perez, Carlos M.
It has been demonstrated that HLA-B*5701 screening reduces the risk for hypersensitivity reaction to abacavir in HIV-infected patients. Since B*5701 prevalence varies among different populations, it is important to determine the carrier frequency prior to its use for the screening of HIV-infected patients. The aim of this study was to determine HLA-B*5701 carrier frequency in Chilean general population and HIV-infected patients referred for B*5701 typing. For that purpose 300 blood bank donors and 492 abacavir-naive HIV-infected patients from Chile were screened for B*5701 by a sequence specific primer PCR. We detected 14/300 (4.7%) B*57-positive individuals in the Chilean general population, 11 (3.7%) were B*5701 positive, and 3 (1%) had another subtype. All were heterozygous, thus a B*5701 allele frequency of 2% was determined. Eleven of 492 (2.2 %) HIV-patients carried a B*5701 allele. The difference between these frequencies is probably due to slow progression of HIV infection in HLA-B*5701 carriers, thus less patients would require antiretroviral therapy and B*5701 typing. Considering the usefulness of B*5701 screening, its prevalence in the Chilean general population, and the availability of a validated method, we conclude that HLA-B*5701 typing in Chilean HIV-infected patients about to initiate abacavir treatment is strongly recommended.
Increase of Bone Resorption and the Parathyroid Hormone in Postmenopausal Women in the Long-term after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
(2009) Valderas, Juan P.; Velasco, Soledad; Solari, Sandra; Liberona, Yessica; Viviani, Paola; Maiz, Alberto; Escalona, Alex; Gonzalez, Gilberto
The effects of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) on bone in the long-term remains unclear. We assessed bone metabolism and bone mineral density (BMD) 1 to 5 years after RYGB.
Insulin Resistance Parameters in Children Who Were Born Very Preterm and Adequate for Gestational Age
(KARGER, 2018) Garcia, Hernan; Poggi, Helena; Arancibia, Monica; Peredo, Soledad; Trincado, Claudia; Moore, Rosario; D'Apremont, Ivonne; Andrade, Daniela; Sifaqui, Sofia; Ossa, J. T.; Campino, Carmen; Carvajal, Cristian; Fardella, Carlos; Baudrand, Rene; Solari, Sandra; Allende, Fidel; Martinez Aguayo, Alejandro
Low Cortisone as a Novel Predictor of the Low-Renin Phenotype
(2024) Tapia-Castillo, Alejandra; Carvajal, Cristian A.; Perez, Jorge A.; Sandoval, Alejandra; Allende, Fidel; Solari, Sandra; Fardella, Carlos E.
A large proportion of patients with low-renin hypertension (LRH) correspond to primary aldosteronism (PA). However, some of these subjects have low to normal aldosterone. Since low renin is driven by excessive mineralocorticoids or glucocorticoids acting on mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs), we hypothesize that a low-cortisone condition, associated classically with 11 beta HSD2 deficiency, is a proxy of chronic MR activation by cortisol, which can also lead to low renin, elevated blood pressure, and renal and vascular alterations. Objective: To evaluate low cortisone as a predictor of low renin activity and its association with parameters of kidney and vascular damage. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 206 adult subjects. The subjects were classified according to low plasma renin activity (<1 ng/mL x hours) and low cortisone (<25th percentile). Results: Plasma renin activity was associated with aldosterone (r = 0.36; P < .001) and cortisone (r = 0.22; P = .001). A binary logistic regression analysis showed that serum cortisone per ug/dL increase predicted the low-renin phenotype (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.21-0.78). The receiver operating characteristic curves for cortisone showed an area under the curve of 0.6 to discriminate subjects with low renin activity from controls. The low-cortisone subjects showed higher albuminuria and PAI-1 and lower sodium excretion. The association study also showed that urinary cortisone was correlated with blood pressure and serum potassium (P < .05). Conclusion: This is the first study showing that low cortisone is a predictor of a low-renin condition. Low cortisone also predicted surrogate markers of vascular and renal damage. Since the aldosterone to renin ratio is used in the screening of PA, low cortisone values should be considered additionally to avoid false positives in the aldosterone-renin ratio calculation.
Low serum sphingolipids in children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder
(2015) Henríquez Henríquez, Marcela Patricia; Solari, Sandra; Quiroga, Teresa; Kim, Benjamin I.; Deckelbaum, Richard J.; Worgall, Tilla S.
Performance of SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen test compared with real-time RT-PCR in asymptomatic individuals
(2021) Pena, Monica; Ampuero, Manuel; Garces, Carlos; Gaggero, Aldo; Garcia, Patricia; Soledad Velasquez, Maria; Luza, Ricardo; Alvarez, Pia; Paredes, Fabio; Acevedo, Johanna; Farfan, Mauricio J.; Solari, Sandra; Soto-Rifo, Ricardo; Valiente-Echeverria, Fernando
Screening, testing and contact tracing plays a pivotal role in control of the COVID-19 pandemic. To enable this it is necessary to increase the testing capacity. This study compared a SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen test (RAT) and RT-PCR in 842 asymptomatic individuals from Tarapaca, Chile. A sensitivity of 69.86%, specificity of 99.61%, PPV of 94.44% and NPP of 97.22% with Ct values (Ct > 27) that were significantly higher among individuals with false-negative RAT were reported. These results support the fact that RAT might have a significant impact on the identification of asymptomatic carriers in areas that lack suitable laboratories to perform SARS-CoV-2 real-time RT-PCR diagnostics, or the results take more than 24-48 h, as well as zones with high traffic of individuals such as border/customs, airports, interregional bus, train stations or in any mass testing campaign requiring rapid results.
Pharmacokinetics of levobupivacaine (2.5 mg/kg) after caudal administration in children younger than 3 years
(LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2008) Cortinez, Luis I.; Fuentes, Ricardo; Solari, Sandra; Ostermann, Paola; Vega, Miguel; Munoz, Hernan R.
BACKGROUND: Caudal administration of levobupivacaine (2.5 mg/kg) in children is used frequently in some hospitals. However, no reports of levobupivacaine concentrations have been published with this dosing scheme. We report the results of a study on the pharmacokinetics of levobupivacaine (2.5 mg/kg) after caudal administration in children younger than 3 yr.
Phenotype and genotype of thiopurine methyltransferase in Chilean individuals
(SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2012) Jorquera, Andres; Solari, Sandra; Vollrath, Valeska; Guerra, Irene; Chianale, Jose; Cofre, Colomba; Kalergis, Alexis; Ibanez, Patricio; Bueno, Susan; Alvarez Lobos, Manuel
Background: Thiopurines (azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine) are highly effective medications but with potential adverse effects. Thiopurine methyltransferase (TMPT) is the key enzyme in their pharmacokinetics and is genetically regulated. A low activity of TPMT is associated with myelotoxicity. The genotype and enzyme activity can vary by ethnicity. Aim: To study the activity and genotype of TPMT in a group of Chilean subjects. Material and Methods: In 200 healthy adult blood donors, TPMT activity was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Deficient, low, normal or high levels were defined when enzymatic activity was <= 5, 6-24, 25-55 and >= 56 nmol/grHb/h, respectively. Genotyping of TPMT ((star)1, (star)2, (star)3A, (star)3B, (star)3C) was performed by PCR. Results: Seventy seven women (38.5%) and 123 men (61.5%), with an average age of 34.9 years were studied. Eighteen subjects (9%) had a low enzymatic activity, 178 (89%) had normal activity, 4 (2%) had high activity and no genotype deficient subjects were identified. The wild type genotype ((star)1) was found in 184 (92%) individuals and 16 (8%) were heterozygous for the variants: (star)2 (n = 2), (star)3A (n = 13) and (star)3C (n = 1). No homozygous subjects for these variants were identified. Wild type genotype had an increased enzymatic activity (40.8 +/- 7.2 nmol/gHb/h) compared to heterozygous group (21.2 +/- 3 nmol/gHb/h; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Less than 10% of a Chilean population sample has a low enzymatic activity or allelic variants in the TPMT gene, supporting the use of thiopurines according to international recommendations. (Rev Med Chile 2012; 140: 889-895).
Polymorphisms in the RAC1 Gene Are Associated With Hypertension Risk Factors in a Chilean Pediatric Population
(OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2014) Tapia Castillo, Alejandra; Carvajal, Cristian A.; Campino, Carmen; Vecchiola, Andrea; Allende, Fidel; Solari, Sandra; Garcia, Lorena; Lavanderos, Sergio; Valdivia, Carolina; Fuentes, Cristobal; Lagos, Carlos F.; Martinez Aguayo, Alejandro; Baudrand, Rene; Aglony, Marlene; Garcia, Hernan; Fardella, Carlos E.
The GTPase Rac1 has been implicated in hypertension as a modulator of mineralocorticoid receptor activity. Our aim is to investigate the frequency of polymorphisms rs10951982 (intron 1, G > A) and rs836478 (intron 3, T > C) in the RAC1 gene and perform association studies with clinical and biochemical parameters in a Chilean pediatric cohort.
Progressive 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 insufficiency as kidney function declines
(2024) Uslar N., Thomas; Newman, Andrew J.; Tapia Castillo, Alejandra; Carvajal Maldonado, Cristián Andrés; Fardella B., Carlos; Allende, Fidel; Solari, Sandra; Tsai, Laura C.; Milks, Julia; Cherney, Michael; Stouffer, David G.; Auchus, Richard; Brown, Jenifer M.; Baudrand Biggs, René; Vaidya, Anand
Background It has been postulated that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a state of relative 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11 beta HSD2) insufficiency, resulting in increased cortisol-mediated mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation. We hypothesized that relative 11 beta HSD2 insufficiency manifests across a wide spectrum of progressively declining kidney function, including within the normal range. Methods Adult participants were recruited at 2 academic centers. A discovery cohort (n = 500) enrolled individuals with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ranging from normal to CKD stage 5, in whom serum cortisol-to-cortisone (F/E) was measured as a biomarker of 11 beta HSD2 activity. A validation cohort (n = 101) enrolled only individuals with normal kidney function (eGFR >= 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) in whom 11 beta HSD2 activity was assessed via serum F/E and 11-hydroxy-to-11-keto androgen (11OH/K) ratios following multiple maneuvers: oral sodium suppression test, dexamethasone suppression test (DST), and ACTH-stimulation test (ACTHstim). Results In the discovery cohort, lower eGFR was associated with higher F/E (P-trend < .001). Similarly, in the validation cohort, with normal eGFR, an inverse association between eGFR and both F/E and 11OH/K ratios was observed (P-trend < .01), which persisted following DST (P-trend < .001) and ACTHstim (P-trend < .05). The fractional excretion of potassium, a marker of renal MR activity, was higher with higher F/E (P-trend < .01) and with lower eGFR (P-trend < .0001). Conclusion A continuum of declining 11 beta HSD2 activity was observed with progressively lower eGFR in individuals spanning a wide spectrum of kidney function, including those with apparently normal kidney function. These findings implicate cortisol-mediated MR activation in the pathophysiology of hypertension and cardiovascular disease in CKD.
Reduced docosahexaenoic acid content in neonatal erythrocytes from obese mothers
(2017) Samith, Barbara; Farias, Marcelo; Villalobos-Labra, Roberto; Solari, Sandra; Aguirre-Polanco, Carolina; Rojas, Maria Jose
Background and objectives: Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are an essential component for normal growth and development of the fetus and newborn. They participate in the control of cellular growth, metabolism, intercellular communication and gene expression, relevant for the physiopathology of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic are the most known fatty acids from omega 3 family. It is known that low concentrations of omega-3 in humans is associated with disturbance of cellular metabolism, including neurological and visual development. The objective of this study was to describe and compare fatty acid profile from normal and obese pregnant woman, then determine the relationship of mother´s nutritional status with neonatal DHA levels. Methods: 17 pregnant women (7 normal weight, 10 obese) were recruited at the Clinical Hospital of Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile after Ethical Committee approval and informed consent. Mother venous blood was collected, and newborn’s blood samples were obtained from the umbilical cord vein at the moment of delivery. Fatty acids profile was determined in red blood cell by liquid gas chromatography. Results: There was a trend of higher omega-6/omega-3 ratio in newborn erythrocytes from obese pregnant women compared to controls (3.78±0.37 vs 2.81±0.09, respectively, p= 0.065, Mean±SEM). There was a negative association between newborn DHA levels and mother’s body mass index (r²=0.7, p=0.037). A lower concentration of DHA occurred in neonatal erythrocytes from obese mothers, compared to those with normal weight for height and gestational age at the end of pregnancy (140.3±7.68 vs 103.9±6.83 mg/dL, respectively, p=0.016, Mean±SEM). Conclusions: There is a decreased concentration of DHA in neonatal erythrocytes from obese women. Due to the relevance of DHA during pregnancy and development of the newborn, the results of the present study put in evidence the importance of considering anadequate reposition of DHA in obese pregnant women. Nutritional status, fatty acid profile, DHA concentrations, their relationship and physiopathology mechanisms involved require further research. Keywords: Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids; Docosahexaenoic acid; obesity; newborn.

Browsing by Author "Solari, Sandra"

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