Browsing by Author "Soto, Jorge A."

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    BCG-Based Vaccines Elicit Antigen-Specific Adaptive and Trained Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and Andes orthohantavirus
    (2022) Soto, Jorge A.; Díaz, Fabián E.; Retamal-Díaz, Angello; Gálvez, Nicolás M. S.; Melo-González, Felipe; Piña-Iturbe, Alejandro; Ramírez, Mario A.; Bohmwald, Karen; González, Pablo A.; Bueno Ramírez, Susan; Kalergis, Alexis M.
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    Contribution of Fcγ Receptor-Mediated Immunity to the Pathogenesis Caused by the Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus.
    (2019) Acevedo, Orlando A.; Díaz, Fabián E.; Beals, Tomas E.; Benavente, Felipe M.; Soto, Jorge A.; Escobar-Vera, Jorge; González, Pablo A.; Kalergis, Alexis M.
    The human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (hRSV) is the leading cause of severe acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs) in humans at all ages and is the main cause of hospitalization due to pneumonia, asthma, and bronchiolitis in infants. hRSV symptoms mainly develop due to an excessive host immune and inflammatory response in the respiratory tissue. hRSV infection during life is frequent and likely because of non-optimal immunological memory is developed against this virus. Vaccine development against this pathogen has been delayed after the detrimental effects produced in children by vaccination with a formalin-inactivated hRSV preparation (FI-hRSV), which caused enhanced disease upon natural viral infection. Since then, several studies have focused on understanding the mechanisms underlying such disease exacerbation. Along these lines, several studies have suggested that antibodies elicited by immunization with FI-hRSV show low neutralizing capacity and promote the formation of immune complexes containing hRSV (hRSV-ICs), which contribute to hRSV pathogenesis through the engagement of Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) expressed on the surface of immune cells. Furthermore, a role for FcγRs is supported by studies evaluating the contribution of these molecules to hRSV-induced disease. These studies have shown that FcγRs can modulate viral clearance by the host and the inflammatory response triggered by hRSV infection. In addition, ICs can facilitate viral entry into host cells expressing FcγRs, thus extending hRSV infectivity. In this article, we discuss current knowledge relative to the contribution of hRSV-ICs and FcγRs to the pathogenesis caused by hRSV and their putative role in the exacerbation of the disease caused by this virus after FI-hRSV vaccination. A better understanding FcγRs involvement in the immune response against hRSV will contribute to the development of new prophylactic or therapeutic tools to promote virus clearance with limited inflammatory damage to the airways.
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    Immunization with a Mixture of Nucleoprotein from Human Metapneumovirus and AbISCO-100 Adjuvant Reduces Viral Infection in Mice Model
    (2018) Soto, Daniel A.; Soto, Jorge A.; Céspedes, Pablo F.; Muena, Nicolás A.; Gárate, Diego S.; Kalergis Parra, Alexis Mikes; Vasquez, Abel E.; Ibáñez, Francisco J.
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    Innate Immune Components That Regulate the Pathogenesis and Resolution of hRSV and hMPV Infections
    (2020) Andrade, Catalina A.; Pacheco, Gaspar A.; Gálvez, Nicolas M. S.; Soto, Jorge A.; Bueno Ramírez, Susan; Kalergis, Alexis M.
    The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) and human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) are two of the leading etiological agents of acute lower respiratory tract infections, which constitute the main cause of mortality in infants. However, there are currently approved vaccines for neither hRSV nor hMPV. Moreover, despite the similarity between the pathology caused by both viruses, the immune response elicited by the host is different in each case. In this review, we discuss how dendritic cells, alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, natural killer cells, innate lymphoid cells, and the complement system regulate both pathogenesis and the resolution of hRSV and hMPV infections. The roles that these cells play during infections by either of these viruses will help us to better understand the illnesses they cause. We also discuss several controversial findings, relative to some of these innate immune components. To better understand the inflammation in the lungs, the role of the respiratory epithelium in the recruitment of innate immune cells is briefly discussed. Finally, we review the main prophylactic strategies and current vaccine candidates against both hRSV and hMPV.
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    Modulation of Immune Cells as a Therapy for Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus
    (2022) Soto, Jorge A.; Melo-González, Felipe; Riedel, Claudia A.; Bueno Ramírez, Susan Marcelo; Kalergis, Alexis M.
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    The Optimisation of the Expression of Recombinant Surface Immunogenic Protein of Group B Streptococcus in Escherichia coli by Response Surface Methodology Improves Humoral Immunity
    (2018) Diaz-Dinamarca, Diego A.; Jerias, Jose I.; Soto, Daniel A.; Soto, Jorge A.; Diaz, Natalia V.; Leyton, Yessica Y.; Villegas, Rodrigo A.; Kalergis Parra, Alexis Mikes; Vasquez, Abel E.