Browsing by Author "Tepper, Ángeles"

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    Finding the psychosis’ fingerprint: dealing with different clinical presentations and intra-individual variance of patients with schizophrenia in resting-state fMRI data
    (2022) Tepper, Ángeles; Crossley, Nicolás; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Medicina
    La esquizofrenia es un desorden psicótico muy heterogéneo, con gran variabilidad en los perfiles clínicos que presentan los pacientes. Estudios de resonancia magnética funcional en reposo han mostrado que los circuitos estriatocorticales ventral y dorsal son relevantes en un amplio espectro de la enfermedad. Estos estudios tradicionales de neuroimágenes, sin embargo, se basan en la estimación de características a nivel de grupo, y no permiten evaluar características a nivel individual, que pueden ser relevantes en un trastorno tan heterogéneo como la esquizofrenia. Esta tesis consta de cuatro capítulos. En el primer capítulo, implementamos un pipeline de preprocesamiento adecuado para nuestros datos de resonancia magnética funcional. En el segundo capítulo, examinamos la conectividad funcional estriatocortical de una población con riesgo genético de desarrollar esquizofrenia (pacientes con el síndrome de la deleción del 22q11.2). En el tercer capítulo, nos enfocamos hacia la heterogeneidad de la esquizofrenia y exploramos variabilidades inter e intra-individuales usando tres medidas similares a los fingerprints. Por último, en el cuarto capítulo, exploramos enfoques de descomposición de conectomas basados en análisis de componentes principales (PCA) y análisis de componentes independientes (ICA), con el fin de identificar sustratos neurales relacionados con cambios en las expresiones sintomáticas de los pacientes.
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    Gender, age and geographical representation over the past 50 years of schizophrenia research
    (2022) Alliende, Luz MarÍa; Czepielewski, Leticia S.; Aceituno Farías, David; Paz Castaneda, Carmen; Díaz, Camila; Iruretagoyena Bruce, Bárbara Arantzazu; Mena, Carlos; Mena, Cristian; Ramírez Mahaluf, Juan Pablo; Tepper, Ángeles; Vásquez, Javiera; Fonseca, Lais; Machado, Viviane; Hernández, Camilo E.; Vargas Upegui, Cristian; Gómez Cruz, Gladys; Kobayashi Romero, Luis F.; Moncada Habib, Tomas; Evans Lacko, Sara; Bressan, Rodrigo; Gama, Clarissa S.; López Jaramillo, Carlos; de la Fuente Sandoval, Camilo; González Valderrama, Alfonso; Undurraga, Juan; Gadelha, Ary; Crossley Karmelic, Nicolás Andrés; ANDES Network
    Previous studies have suggested that subjects participating in schizophrenia research are not representative of the demographics of the global population of people with schizophrenia, particularly in terms of gender and geographical location. We here explored if this has evolved throughout the decades, examining changes in geographical location, gender and age of participants in studies of schizophrenia published in the last 50 years. We examined this using a meta-analytical approach on an existing database including over 3,000 studies collated for another project. We found that the proportion of studies and participants from low-and-middle income countries has significantly increased over time, with considerable input from studies from China. However, it is still low when compared to the global population they represent. Women have been historically underrepresented in studies, and still are in high-income countries. However, a significantly higher proportion of female participants have been included in studies over time. The age of participants included has not changed significantly over time. Overall, there have been improvements in the geographical and gender representation of people with schizophrenia. However, there is still a long way to go so research can be representative of the global population of people with schizophrenia, particularly in geographical terms.
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    Intra and inter-individual variability in functional connectomes of patients with First Episode of Psychosis
    (Elsevier Inc., 2023) Tepper, Ángeles; Vásquez Núñez, Javiera; Ramirez-Mahaluf, Juan Pablo; Aguirre, Juan Manuel; Barbagelata, Daniella; Maldonado, Elisa; Díaz Dellarossa, Camila; Nachar, Ruben; González-Valderrama, Alfonso; Undurraga, Juan; Goñi, Joaquín; Crossley, Nicolás
    © 2023 The Author(s)Patients with Schizophrenia may show different clinical presentations, not only regarding inter-individual comparisons but also in one specific subject over time. In fMRI studies, functional connectomes have been shown to carry valuable individual level information, which can be associated with cognitive and behavioral variables. Moreover, functional connectomes have been used to identify subjects within a group, as if they were fingerprints. For the particular case of Schizophrenia, it has been shown that there is reduced connectome stability as well as higher inter-individual variability. Here, we studied inter and intra-individual heterogeneity by exploring functional connectomes’ variability and related it with clinical variables (PANSS Total scores and antipsychotic's doses). Our sample consisted of 30 patients with First Episode of Psychosis and 32 Healthy Controls, with a test–retest approach of two resting-state fMRI scanning sessions. In our patients’ group, we found increased deviation from healthy functional connectomes and increased intragroup inter-subject variability, which was positively correlated to symptoms’ levels in six subnetworks (visual, somatomotor, dorsal attention, ventral attention, frontoparietal and DMN). Moreover, changes in symptom severity were positively related to changes in deviation from healthy functional connectomes. Regarding intra-subject variability, we were unable to replicate previous findings of reduced connectome stability (i.e., increased intra-subject variability), but we found a trend suggesting that result. Our findings highlight the relevance of variability characterization in Schizophrenia, and they can be related to evidence of Schizophrenia patients having a noisy functional connectome.