Browsing by Author "Tomicic, Alemka"

Now showing 1 - 13 of 13
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    Adolescence and Suicide: Subjective Construction of the Suicidal Process in Young Gay and Lesbian Chileans
    (2021) Tomicic, Alemka; Martinez, Claudio; Rosenbaum, Catalina; Aguayo, Francisco; Leyton, Fanny; Rodriguez, Juliana; Galvez, Constanza; Lagazzi, Iside
    The association between suicide risk and sexual minority status can be understood from the perspective of the social determinants of health, an approach that requires the development of culturally sensitive knowledge. The aim of this study was to characterize young gay and lesbian people's subjective construction of their experience of having lived and survived a suicidal process. Qualitative interviews were conducted and analyzed as products based on life events. In the participants' accounts, we identified hostile contexts associated with suicide, trajectories associated with gay/lesbian identification processes, and milestones related to victimization experiences as part of the intentionality and rationality of suicide.
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    Analysis of verbalized emotions in the psychotherapeutic dialogue during change episodes
    (ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2010) Valdes, Nelson; Dagnino, Paula; Krause, Mariane; Perez, Janet C.; Altimir, Carolina; Tomicic, Alemka; de la Parra, Guillermo
    As described by many theorists, emotional expressions contribute to the activation and regulation of personal emotional experiences and communicate something about internal states and intentions. These emotional expressions can be observed in the words used in our speech and nonverbal behaviors, even when nonverbal behaviors are synchronized to one's own speech or to the speech of others. Using a quantitative and qualitative methodology, this article reports a classification of verbal emotional expressions of both psychotherapists and patients in change episodes. Assuming that the emotions loaded in linguistic contents are explicit emotions shown by emotion words, this methodology allows for a complete and differentiating assessment of affective qualities in both patients and psychotherapists during the psychotherapeutic dialogue.
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    Clients', therapists', and observers' agreement on the amount, temporal location, and content of psychotherapeutic change and its relation to outcome
    (ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2010) Altimir, Carolina; Krause, Mariane; de la Parra, Guillermo; Dagnino, Paula; Tomicic, Alemka; Valdes, Nelson; Carola Perez, J.; Echavarri, Orietta; Vilches, Oriana
    Clients', therapists', and observers' identification of change was studied in 27 therapeutic processes, and agreement on the amount, temporal location, and content of change was related to outcome. Results show that clients reported more changes in successful therapies. Client-therapist temporal match of change moments was low irrespective of outcome. Results from all three perspectives were consistent in that manifestation of new behaviors and emotions was the most representative content of change among all therapies. Meanwhile, client-therapist agreement on the frequency of grouped change indicators reported was associated with positive outcome, whereas client-observer agreement was related to negative outcome. Therapists and observers agreed in both successful and nonsuccessful therapies. The relationship between agreement and therapeutic outcome is discussed in relation to each dimension of analysis.
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    Desgaste profesional como un eje transversal a la experiencia de equipos psicosociales de programas sociales gubernamentales
    (Ediciones Universidad del Desarrollo, 2022) Daher Gray, Marianne; Tomicic, Alemka; Rosati Bustamante, Antonia; Carrasco Hernández, Angie; Alfaro, Jaime; Martin, María Pía; Pérez Luco, Ricardo
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    Dialogues and self-reference: change processes in psychotherapy from speech acts's perspective
    (FOUNDATION ADVANCEMENT PSYCHOLOGY, 2009) Aristegui, Roberto; Gaete, Joaquin; Munoz, Gonzalo; Salazar, Jose I.; Krause, Mariane; Vilches, Oriana; Tomicic, Alemka; Ramirez, Ivonne
    This article is the result of a research in the frame of therapeutic process, based on Generic Change Indicators (Krause et al., 2006a). Along with Speech Acts Theory (Searle, 2002; Aristegui et al., 2005) it is proposed to use the Dialogical Self Model (Hermans, 1996; Valsiner, 2007) as a suitable device for characterizing and differentiating change and stagnant episodes, in therapeutic conversation. The analysis unit of study is constituted by extracts from two therapies of different theoretical orientation, with change and stagnant episodes previously identified through indicators derived from Subjective Change Theory. The study of change episodes indicates dialogical characteristics of the therapeutic conversation which suppose a self-referential language game where therapist and consultant build a self-position description (subject) that commits with certain ilocutive intentions of action. The study and comparison of change episodes with stagnate episodes integrate in the discussion the distinctions of experience focus in first person and veritative symmetry applied to self referential-performativity and the notions self-dialogicality dialogicality according to the self-dialoglical theory (Hermans, 1996; Valsiner, 2007; Anderson, 1999).
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    Dynamic Patterns in the Voices of a Patient Diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder, and the Therapist throughout Long-Term Psychotherapy
    (2022) Mellado, Augusto; Martinez, Claudio; Tomicic, Alemka; Krause, Mariane
    This case study identified the subjective change in a patient diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) by analyzing the dynamic patterns that emerged during discursive interaction with her therapist during a successful long-term psychotherapy. A qualitative analysis was conducted by applying the Model of Analysis of Discursive Positioning in Psychotherapy (MAPP), tracking voices and the personal positions of the patient and therapist in all sessions. Subsequently, dynamic patterns were identified and the hypothetical attractors were defined (i.e., the most stable patterns in the interaction of voices) using the Space State Grid (SSG) technique. Five sessions (representing the initial, middle and final stages) were selected to describe the trajectory of the patient's subjective change. These sessions highlight the presence of different attractors and depict the intersubjective interaction that developed during the process. The results suggest a process of subjective transformation from a monological to a dialogical dimension, a change supported by therapeutic interaction based on propositional and reflective discursive aspects; a transition from a state of dissociation of the patient to a reorganization of her subjectivity. The most relevant characteristics of this process as an emergent quality of psychotherapy and its relation to the patient's positive outcomes are discussed.
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    Identification of Dynamic Patterns of Personal Positions in a Patient Diagnosed With Borderline Personality Disorder and the Therapist During Change Episodes of the Psychotherapy
    (2022) Mellado, Augusto; Martinez, Claudio; Tomicic, Alemka; Krause, Mariane
    Personal positions and voices of a patient diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and the therapist during long-term psychotherapy were studied aiming to find differences in the patterns formed in these aspects of subjectivity according to the level of elaboration of the change episodes achieved by the patient. This case study considered a stage of qualitative analysis where change episodes of the patient were traced through the Change Episodes Model. Later, through the Model of Analysis of Discursive Positioning in Psychotherapy (MAPP), the voices and personal positions of the patient and her therapist were identified in each of the change episodes. In the stage of quantitative analysis, dynamic patterns in the voices and personal positions were established, accounting for hypothetical attractors using the Space State Grid (SSG) technique in each of the three different levels of subjective elaboration that constitute the change episodes. The results established differentiated dynamic patterns in the change episodes, coherent with the patient's change process, and formation of propositive/reflective specific patterns as the patient evolved in the three different levels of subjective elaboration. The above suggests that a subjective transformation process is displayed, and this is manifested in the different voices and personal positions that emerged as the change episodes evolve. The identified dynamic patterns can be considered nonlinear and emergent subjective exchanges between the patient and the therapist throughout the psychotherapy.
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    Institutional Dimension of Burnout in Governmental Psychosocial and Community Programmes: Gaps between Intervening Conditions, Consequences, and Guidelines for Improvement
    (2024) Daher, Marianne; Rosati, Antonia; Tomicic, Alemka; Hernandez, Angie; Alfaro, Jaime
    This article analyses burnout in governmental psychosocial and community programmes considering training/knowledge, the technical-professional field, the institutional framework, and networking, based on the experience of the intervention teams of three Chilean programmes. A qualitative methodology was used. Fifty people, most of them psychologists, participated in interviews and focus groups. The data were analysed according to Grounded Theory. Results indicate that burnout is a corrosive process in governmental psychosocial and community programmes. The causes of burnout are related to three gaps: between academic training and professional performance, between formulation and implementation, and between the obligation to work as part of a network and the limitations of this approach. Furthermore, we observed manifestations consequences and effects of burnout, and guidelines for improving the programmes. We discuss the institutional dimension of burnout in governmental psychosocial and community programmes and reflect on aspects that may improve team well-being and the quality of social policies.
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    Language and therapeutic change: A speech acts analysis
    (ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2008) Reyes, Lucia; Aristegui, Roberto; Krause, Mariane; Strasser, Katherine; Tomicic, Alemka; Valdes, Nelson; Altimir, Carolina; Ramirez, Ivonne; De La Parra, Guillermo; Dagnino, Paula; Echavarri, Orietta; Vilches, Oriana; Ben Dov, Perla
    Drawing on the speech acts theory, a linguistic pattern was identified that could be expected to be associated to therapeutic change, characterized by being uttered in the first person singular and present indicative, and by being self-referential in its propositional content. The frequency of the pattern was examined among verbalizations defined as change moments in three therapies with different theoretical orientation. Results show that the majority of change moments have the specified pattern, and that this pattern is significantly more frequent in change moments than in random non-change-related verbalizations, and so, it does not pertain to therapeutic conversation in general. Implications are discussed concerning the possibility of using the linguistic pattern as an additional and complementary criterion in the identification of moments of change in the therapeutic process.
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    Resultados en psicoterapia individual de adultos desde la perspectiva de los Sistemas Dinámicos: una revisión sistemática
    (Sociedad Chilena de Psicologia Clinica, 2022) Mellado, Augusto; Tomicic, Alemka; Martinez, Claudio; Krause Jacob, Mariane
    © 2022, Sociedad Chilena de Psicologia Clinica. All rights reserved.There is a diverse body of research that utilizes notions of the dynamical systems (DS) perspective to describe change processes in psychotherapy, understanding it as a non-linear self-organized system that presents emergent processes and structural variations. A systematic review of research in individual psychotherapy with adult patients addressed from this perspective has been carried out. The review was carried out supported by the PRISMA methodology tracking the main concepts of the DS perspective applied to individual psychotherapy of adults (between 1997 and 2019), in English and Spanish, using the electronic databases PsycINFO and ProQuest. The final selection included 34 studies, both case studies and naturalistic studies, covering different process and outcome variables of psychotherapy. The results highlight how such concepts help to understand patients' change as a nonlinear process, emphasizing its self-organizing characteristics, transitions from states that generate psychological distress to healthier states, and the formation of emergent patterns at different stages of psychotherapy. Some related aspects (e.g. role of the alliance, and of clinical interventions) that can be considered in the therapeutic work are discussed.
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    Self-organisation in dialogical patterns of a patient with borderline personality disorder and their therapist: A case study from nonlinear dynamics perspective
    (2022) Mellado, Augusto; Guastello, Stephen J.; Martinez, Claudio; Tomicic, Alemka; Krause, Mariane
    Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify self-organised dynamics in sessions with dialogical patterns (i.e. reflective interactions of self-states associated with psychological change) within long-term psychotherapy. One of the hallmarks of self-organisation is the presence of an Inverse Power Law (IPL) in the frequency distribution of relevant events, which reflect better adaptation to internal and environmental changes, produced by psychotherapy.
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    The evolution of therapeutic change studied through generic change indicators
    (ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2007) Krause, Mariane; De la Parra, Guillermo; Aristegui, Roberto; Dagnino, Paula; Tomicic, Alemka; Valdes, Nelson; Echavarri, Orietta; Strasser, Katherine; Reyes, Lucia; Altimir, Carolina; Ramirez, Ivonne; Vilches, Oriana; Ben Dov, Perla
    Ongoing change and therapeutic outcome were studied in five psychotherapeutic processes: three brief psychodynamic therapies, one social constructionist family therapy, and one group therapy of a comprehensive nature for drug abuse patients. Using qualitative methodology, in-session and extrasession change moments were identified and classified in a hierarchy of generic change indicators. Additionally, all patients were administered Lambert's Outcome Questionnaire. Results show that (a) extrasession change moments are more frequent toward the end of therapy, (b) therapy types differ in the frequency of some change indicators but not others, and (c) change indicators observed at the beginning of therapy are of lower level than those occurring at the end.
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    The right to dream: A cross-sectional look at poverty alleviation programs
    (2023) Daher, Marianne; Tomicic, Alemka; Rosati, Antonia; Campero, Maria Jose
    Studies on social programs reveal the absence of a cross-sectional perspective capable of identifying common aspects that improve the living conditions of their participants while also contributing to poverty alleviation. To detect such elements, we examined the transformations in the experiences and meanings associated with poverty and its alleviation by conducting semistructured interviews and focus groups with participants and intervention team members that implemented six social programs in Chile and Peru. We conducted a descriptive and relational analysis guided by Grounded Theory, which revealed three overarching elements: notions of poverty, notions of the overcoming of poverty, and changes necessary for overcoming poverty. Lastly, based on a complex view of poverty and considering the contributions of community psychology, we propose that interventions in this field must create meaningful relational spaces that restore participants' objective and subjective rights, such as the right to dream.