Browsing by Author "Truffello, Ricardo"

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    Comparing green spaces provision and accessibility indicators over a latitudinal gradient and multiple climate zones
    (ELSEVIER GMBH, 2023) De la Barrera, Francisco; Reyes Paecke, Sonia; Truffello, Ricardo; De la Fuente, Helen E.; Salinas, Valentina; Villegas, Rodrigo A.; Steiniger, Stefan; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Monitoring urban green space (UGS) indicators is key to assessing progress against the UNs sustainable devel-opment goals (SDGs). Within these indicators, measuring the provision of UGS as well as its accessibility is considered a major objective. However, neither the relationship between the two indicators, nor differences related to different types of UGS have been adequately evaluated. In this paper, these two indicators are calculated and analyzed for four size-based types of UGS and for 69 municipalities, which are part of the 16 regional capital cities of Chile. For the provision indicator, the average calculated over all municipalities does not reach the often proposed standard of 11 sq.m/inhab., but only 5.29 sq.m/inhab. Regarding the accessibility indicator, when a walking speed of 4 km/h is considered, the smaller residential green spaces have the highest accessibility (65 % of the population have access), but accessibility for larger GS is low. When a walking speed of 2 km/h is assumed, then accessibility drops to 29 %, 5 %, 5 % and 5 % respectively. We found that calculation results for the four types of UGS are statistically different, and therefore one type cannot replace another in case of monitoring: Higher UGS provision does not guarantee higher accessibility.
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    COVID-19 y ciudad: hacia un modelo integrado de vivienda, microbiología, ambiente y urbanismo
    (Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, 2021) Encinas Pino, Felipe; Soto-Liebe, Katia; Aguirre Núñez, Carlos Andrés; González, Bernardo; Bustamante, Waldo; Schueftan, Alejandra; Ugalde, Juan; Blondel, Carlos; Truffello, Ricardo; Araya, Paz; Freed, Carmen; CEDEUS (Chile)
    © 2021, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya. All rights reserved.As of May 2020, the global health crisis caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus moves its epicentre to Latin America, with cities showing high rates of poverty, segregation, and overcrowding. Current advances in microbiology make it possible to understand in depth the relationships between cities, COVID-19, and other microorganisms, but a conceptual framework to articulate them is lacking, especially in contexts where social determinants are so relevant. This article proposes an integrated approach to microbiology, housing, environment, and urbanism, based on a model of interactions and an empirical analysis applied to Santiago de Chile. It was possible to analyse how the propagation of COVID-19 in the city is enhanced by vulnerabilities of socio-spatial, residential and urban health, including an approach from the concept of energy poverty. At the same time, it was possible to verify how the variables associated with these vulnerabilities allowed to explain the incidence rate per 100 000 inhabitants through the different communes of Santiago de Chile. Among these, the level of housing overcrowding, the number of households with heads of household in precarious employment, and travel to the central business district stand out. Finally, the need for microbiological sampling to improve housing conditions, neighbourhoods, and cities propose a new research agenda for this Urban Microbiome" multidisciplinary team, contributing to overcoming the vulnerabilities identified in this research.
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    DISCIPLINARY INFLECTIONS: Contesting Three Concepts for the Construction of the Post-Neoliberal City
    (PONTIFICIA UNIV CATOLICA CHILE, ESCUELA ARQUITECTURA, 2021) Encinas, Felipe; Aguirre, Carlos; Vergara Perucich, Francisco; Tironi, Martin; Truffello, Ricardo; Freed, Carmen; Hidalgo, Rodrigo; CEDEUS (Chile)
    When words become fashionable, their use modifies their meaning. By understanding this performative condition, this text analyzes the current implications of the concepts of sustainability, resilience, and integration. Then, it argues the need to overcome the neoliberal city if we want these meanings to become real.
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    Greening at multiple scales promote biodiverse cities: A multi-scale assessment of drivers of Neotropical birds
    (Elsevier GmbH, 2021) Villaseñor, Nélida R.; Truffello, Ricardo; Reyes Paecke, Sonia; CEDEUS (Chile)
    © 2021 Elsevier GmbHBiodiversity-sensitive cities can contribute to reconnect humans with nature and halt global biodiversity loss. Achieving biodiversity-sensitive cities is challenging, especially in regions threatened by growing urbanization. To inform urban management and planning in a global biodiversity hotspot, we conducted a multi-scale assessment of drivers of Neotropical birds in the capital city of Santiago de Chile. We investigate the influence of local and landscape variables on native bird species richness and abundance. We surveyed birds and vegetation in 449 sampling points distributed across the city. Native bird species richness was greater in areas with greater shrub and woody vegetation cover at the local scale. Native bird species richness was also greater with high vegetation density in the surrounding landscape and near to an urban boundary. Native birds were abundant in areas with large woody vegetation cover at both local and landscape scales, high vegetation density in the surrounding landscape, near to an urban park and near to an urban boundary. Additive effects of vegetation at different spatial scales suggest that combining local and landscape management, planning and design will be best to preserve native birds in a large city. Although native birds are species rich and abundant near the urban fringe and decrease towards the interior of the city, local-scale management of habitat encouraging shrub and tree planting and landscape-scale actions such as targeting high levels of vegetation (including woody cover) and providing a well-distributed network of urban parks will help sustain native birds across the city. Greening actions at local and landscape-scale will contribute to achieving biodiversity-sensitive cities, providing benefits for people and nature.
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    Impact of Land Use Diversity on Daytime Social Segregation Patterns in Santiago de Chile
    (MDPI, 2022) Fuentes Arce, Luis; Truffello, Ricardo; Flores, Mónica; CEDEUS (Chile)
    © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Latin American cities are known for their high levels of marginality, segregation and inequality. As such, these issues have been the subject of substantial discussions in academia, with the predominant approach being the study of residential segregation, or what we call “nighttime segregation”. Another dimension of urban sociability, related to labor, is what we call “daytime segregation”, which has been far less studied. This article makes an original methodological contribution to the measurement of non-residential or daytime segregation based on data from mobility surveys. It seeks to explain this segregation measurement according to the diversity and distribution of land uses, as well as other characteristics of the built stock, such as land price and built-up density. We measured daytime social mix in urban spaces, and we show how it highly relates to land use diversity in a Latin American megacity, such as Santiago, Chile. We found that land use diversity plays a key role in enhancing the daytime social diversity of urban spaces, contributing to generate a more heterogeneous city and social gatherings during working days. This research is not only a contribution to the understanding of sociability patterns in cities but is also a contribution to public policy and the work of urban planners, as it informs the development of more diverse and integrated cities, which is a key tool for strengthening democracy, the exchange of ideas, the economy and social welfare.
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    La importancia del espacio geográfico para minimizar el error de muestras representativas
    (2022) Truffello, Ricardo; Flores, Mónica; Garretón, Matías; Ruz, Gonzalo
    En el presente trabajo se discute la importancia del espacio geográfico en el contexto de la generación de marcos muestrales de encuestas, poniendo en tensión la premisa estadística tradicional de la aleatoriedad e independencia de las observaciones. Para esto se analiza el aporte de la geografía cuantitativa en la generación de metodologías de regionalización que permitan, de manera efectiva, mejorar el error muestral de las encuestas, enfocados principalmente en las áreas urbanas, en presencia de variables de estratificación con autocorrelación espacial. Se testean de forma empírica algoritmos de regionalización con y sin procesos de optimi zación heurística, utilizando datos censales, para posteriormente definir el nivel de error y establecer comparaciones contra muestreos tradicionales de corte aleatorio y aleatorio bi-etápico, por medio de un procedimiento Montecarlo. Los resultados obtenidos dan cuenta de una disminución de hasta un 20% en el error contra metodologías tradicionales o en su defecto la disminución de hasta 100 casos con el mismo nivel de error. Se concluye que las metodologías de muestreo espacializado con optimización heurística ofrecen ventajas evidentes en áreas urbanas, en presencia de autocorrelación espacial.
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    Mapping Energy Poverty: How Much Impact Do Socioeconomic, Urban and Climatic Variables Have at a Territorial Scale?
    (MDPI, 2022) Encinas, Felipe; Truffello, Ricardo; Aguirre-Nunez, Carlos; Puig, Isidro; Vergara-Perucich, Francisco; Freed, Carmen; Rodriguez, Blanca; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Energy poverty, considered a form of deprivation distinct from income poverty, is associated with three factors: low-income levels, high energy costs, and poor residential energy efficiency. It is necessary to study the socio-spatial distribution of energy poverty, particularly in metropolitan areas, due to persistent socioeconomic segregation and their public agenda implications, including the U.N. SDGs. A model of these characteristics can propose a spatial analysis of urban and climate implications, contributing evidence for public policy. This article aims to address energy poverty from a spatial approach extended to the urban area in Santiago de Chile through an exploratory model that estimates the impact of socioeconomic, urban, and climatic variables at a territorial scale on the performance of homes. Using a geographical weighted regression with the inside home temperature in winter as the dependent variable, the independent variables were the percentage of professionals, NDVI, annual thermal amplitude, and housing material quality. A housing quality pattern that acts as a proxy for vulnerability to energy poverty was found, repeating the distribution pattern of the different socioeconomic sectors. The findings incorporate a new interpretive matrix into the complex reproduction of segregation and inequality in a capital city from a developing country.
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    Social Inclusion and Physical Activity in Ciclovia Recreativa Programs in Latin America
    (2021) Mejia-Arbelaez, Carlos; Sarmiento, Olga L.; Mora Vega, Rodrigo; Flores Castillo, Mónica; Truffello, Ricardo; Martínez, Lina; Medina, Catalina; Guaje, Oscar; Pinzón Ortiz, José David; Useche, Andres F.; Rojas-Rueda, David; Delclòs-Alió, Xavier; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Ciclovia Recreativa is a program in which streets are closed off to automobiles so that people have a safe and inclusive space for recreation and for being physically active. The study aims were: (1) to compare participant's spatial trajectories in four Ciclovia Recreativa programs in Latin America (Bogota, Mexico City, Santiago de Cali, and Santiago de Chile) according to socioeconomic characteristics and urban segregation of these cities; and (2) to assess the relationship between participants' physical activity (PA) levels and sociodemographic characteristics. We harmonized data of cross-sectional studies including 3282 adults collected between 2015 and 2019. We found the highest mobility for recreation in Bogota, followed closely by Santiago de Cali. In these two cities, the maximum SES (socioeconomic status) percentile differences between the neighborhood of origin and the neighborhoods visited as part of the Ciclovia use were 33.58 (p-value < 0.001) and 30.38 (p-value < 0.001), respectively, indicating that in these two cities, participants were more likely to visit higher or lower SES neighborhoods than their average SES-of-neighborhood origin. By contrast, participants from Mexico City and Santiago de Chile were more likely to stay in geographic units similar to their average SES-of-origin, having lower overall mobility during leisure time: maximum SES percentile difference 1.55 (p-value < 0.001) and -0.91 (p-value 0.001), respectively. PA levels of participants did not differ by sex or SES. Our results suggest that Ciclovia can be a socially inclusive program in highly unequal and segregated urban environments, which provides a space for PA whilefacilitat physical proximity, exposure to new communities and environments, and interactions between different socioeconomic groups.
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    URBAN INTEGRATION AND QUALITY OF URBAN LIFE: DILEMMAS IN METROPOLITAN CONTEXTS
    (2019) Vicuna, Magdalena; Orellana, Arturo; Truffello, Ricardo; Moreno, Daniel; CEDEUS (Chile)
    This work explores the extent to which urban integration is related to a better quality of life in the metropolitan areas of Santiago, Valparaiso and Concepcion. This challenge has not been addressed so far as a result of its methodological and interpretation complexities. Through the comparative analysis of the Urban Life Quality Index (ICVU) and Urban Integration indices raised from the System of Urban Development Indicators and Standards (SIEDU), three key dimensions are addressed: sociocultural conditions, connectivity and mobility, and housing and environment. The results confirm in the case of the three metropolitan areas of Chile that urban integration is not necessarily expressed as the result of a better quality of life, opening an important question about the scope that a good endowment of public and private goods and services may have in order to guarantee a greater degree of integration in neighborhoods and municipalities, at least at the metropolitan level. Additionally, the importance of the geography of the metropolitan areas is revealed, due to some conflicting results obtained, generating a significant contribution for the design of public policies before their next examination in Chile.
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    Verticalización y configuración socioespacial de Santiago
    (2022) Orellana Ossandón, Arturo; Vicuña del Río, María Magdalena; Link, Felipe; Perrozzi, Adonay; Marshall, Catalina; Truffello, Ricardo; Señoret, Andrés
    En el Área Metropolitana de Santiago (AMS) predomina un patrón de verticalización edificatoria asociado a la densificación residencial dispersa, con diferentes grados de intensidad. En esta investigación se busca analizar cómo estos procesos de verticalización reconfiguran las dinámicas socio-espaciales de las áreas centrales y peri-centrales del AMS, mediante un análisis de carácter mixto, sobre la base de cinco casos de estudio. Los resultados muestran que, junto con una ruptura importante en la estructura morfológica de los barrios centrales y pericentrales generada por un desarrollo inmobiliario vertical, se genera un proceso de reconfiguración socioespacial abrupto, en el cual se expresan contrastes significativos entre los nuevos residentes en los edificios y los vecinos del entorno. Lo anterior tanto en relación con su perfil sociodemográfico, económico y cultural, así como en cuanto a su percepción respecto del impacto que estos procesos de verticalización tienen en su bienestar.