Browsing by Author "Valdes, Nelson"

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    Analysis of verbalized emotions in the psychotherapeutic dialogue during change episodes
    (ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2010) Valdes, Nelson; Dagnino, Paula; Krause, Mariane; Perez, Janet C.; Altimir, Carolina; Tomicic, Alemka; de la Parra, Guillermo
    As described by many theorists, emotional expressions contribute to the activation and regulation of personal emotional experiences and communicate something about internal states and intentions. These emotional expressions can be observed in the words used in our speech and nonverbal behaviors, even when nonverbal behaviors are synchronized to one's own speech or to the speech of others. Using a quantitative and qualitative methodology, this article reports a classification of verbal emotional expressions of both psychotherapists and patients in change episodes. Assuming that the emotions loaded in linguistic contents are explicit emotions shown by emotion words, this methodology allows for a complete and differentiating assessment of affective qualities in both patients and psychotherapists during the psychotherapeutic dialogue.
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    Clients', therapists', and observers' agreement on the amount, temporal location, and content of psychotherapeutic change and its relation to outcome
    (ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2010) Altimir, Carolina; Krause, Mariane; de la Parra, Guillermo; Dagnino, Paula; Tomicic, Alemka; Valdes, Nelson; Carola Perez, J.; Echavarri, Orietta; Vilches, Oriana
    Clients', therapists', and observers' identification of change was studied in 27 therapeutic processes, and agreement on the amount, temporal location, and content of change was related to outcome. Results show that clients reported more changes in successful therapies. Client-therapist temporal match of change moments was low irrespective of outcome. Results from all three perspectives were consistent in that manifestation of new behaviors and emotions was the most representative content of change among all therapies. Meanwhile, client-therapist agreement on the frequency of grouped change indicators reported was associated with positive outcome, whereas client-observer agreement was related to negative outcome. Therapists and observers agreed in both successful and nonsuccessful therapies. The relationship between agreement and therapeutic outcome is discussed in relation to each dimension of analysis.
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    Effectiveness of Adolescent Identity Treatment (AIT) Versus DBT-A for the Treatment of Adolescent Borderline Personality Disorder
    (2022) Schmeck, Klaus; Weise, Sindy; Schlueter-Mueller, Susanne; Birkhoelzer, Marc; Fuerer, Lukas; Koenig, Julian; Krause, Mariane; Lerch, Stefan; Schenk, Nathalie; Valdes, Nelson; Zimmermann, Ronan; Kaess, Michael
    Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is among the most severe mental health problems with long-lasting deterioration of functioning. According to a Cochrane review, evidence for methods focused on treatment for adolescent BPD patients is very limited. Aims of the study were to demonstrate the noninferiority of adolescent identity treatment (AIT) compared with dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents (DBT-A), and that intensive early treatment of BPD leads to significant improvement of psychosocial and personality functioning in adolescent patients. In a nonrandomized controlled trial using a noninferiority approach, we compared 37 patients treated with DBT-A with 23 patients treated with AIT. Both treatments included 25 weekly individual psychotherapy sessions and five to eight family sessions. Patients were assessed at four timepoints: baseline, posttreatment, 1- and 2-year follow-up. Primary outcome was psychosocial functioning at 1-year follow-up. We performed both intention-to-treat analyses and per-protocol analyses (completers). Baseline characteristics of both groups were not significantly different except for age and self-injurious behavior. In all, six AIT patients (26%) and 10 DBT-A patients (27%) dropped out of treatment. Both DBT-A and AIT significantly improved adolescents' psychosocial functioning (AIT: d = 1.82; DBT-A: d = 1.73) and personality functioning. BPD criteria and depression were significantly reduced by both treatments. Overall, AIT was found to be not inferior to DBT-A and even more efficient in reducing BPD criteria. Both treatments are highly effective in improving psychosocial functioning and personality functioning in adolescent BPD patients. AIT is a promising approach and not inferior to DBT-A in respect to treatment efficiency.
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    Language and therapeutic change: A speech acts analysis
    (ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2008) Reyes, Lucia; Aristegui, Roberto; Krause, Mariane; Strasser, Katherine; Tomicic, Alemka; Valdes, Nelson; Altimir, Carolina; Ramirez, Ivonne; De La Parra, Guillermo; Dagnino, Paula; Echavarri, Orietta; Vilches, Oriana; Ben Dov, Perla
    Drawing on the speech acts theory, a linguistic pattern was identified that could be expected to be associated to therapeutic change, characterized by being uttered in the first person singular and present indicative, and by being self-referential in its propositional content. The frequency of the pattern was examined among verbalizations defined as change moments in three therapies with different theoretical orientation. Results show that the majority of change moments have the specified pattern, and that this pattern is significantly more frequent in change moments than in random non-change-related verbalizations, and so, it does not pertain to therapeutic conversation in general. Implications are discussed concerning the possibility of using the linguistic pattern as an additional and complementary criterion in the identification of moments of change in the therapeutic process.
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    Maternal stress and perceptions of self-efficacy in socioeconomically disadvantaged mothers An explicative model
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2010) Farkas, Chamarrita; Valdes, Nelson
    Studies have demonstrated that maternal stress and perceptions of self-efficacy influence a mother s performance affecting her ability to Interact with her child and to understand and answer his needs The purpose of this study was to evaluate maternal stress and the perception of self-efficacy in the mothers of Infants who are cared for in child-care centers and belong to the poorest segment of the Chilean population To this end these aspects were studied in 121 low-income high-social-risk mothers with children between the ages of 4 and 9 months The final goal was to generate an explicative model of self-efficacy and maternal stress that considered characteristics of the family and the child The results revealed that family characteristics - especially household size per capita incomes and mother age - are more relevant for explaining maternal self-efficacy and stress The findings and implications for practice are discussed (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved
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    The evolution of therapeutic change studied through generic change indicators
    (ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2007) Krause, Mariane; De la Parra, Guillermo; Aristegui, Roberto; Dagnino, Paula; Tomicic, Alemka; Valdes, Nelson; Echavarri, Orietta; Strasser, Katherine; Reyes, Lucia; Altimir, Carolina; Ramirez, Ivonne; Vilches, Oriana; Ben Dov, Perla
    Ongoing change and therapeutic outcome were studied in five psychotherapeutic processes: three brief psychodynamic therapies, one social constructionist family therapy, and one group therapy of a comprehensive nature for drug abuse patients. Using qualitative methodology, in-session and extrasession change moments were identified and classified in a hierarchy of generic change indicators. Additionally, all patients were administered Lambert's Outcome Questionnaire. Results show that (a) extrasession change moments are more frequent toward the end of therapy, (b) therapy types differ in the frequency of some change indicators but not others, and (c) change indicators observed at the beginning of therapy are of lower level than those occurring at the end.
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    WHAT DO THEY SAY IT AND HOW DO THEY SAY IT? ANALYSIS OF PATIENT'S AND THERAPIST'S VERBAL COMMUNICATION DURING CHANGE EPISADES
    (FUNDACION AIGLE, 2011) Valdes, Nelson; Krause, Marione; Alamo, Nicolle
    Considering a notion of performative language, we assume that during the therapeutic conversation, both patient and therapist, are "doing something" while they are "saying something" (Reyes et al., 2008). There is also support to conclude that the physical and mental health is correlated with the type of words used during the conversation (Chung & Pennebaker, 2007; Slatcher, Vazire, & Pennebaker, 2008), which is a reflection of the way their psychological processes are structured. Using a mixed methodology, this article focused on the study of the verbal interaction between patient and therapist, showing some differences and similarities in the Communicative Actions and the Linguistic Style of both speakers, during the therapeutic conversation within Change Episodes. These differences show their complementary roles in psychotherapy.